Transcripts
2024 United Nations General Assembly Day 1

2024 United Nations General Assembly Day 1

2024 United Nations General Assembly Day 1. Read the transcript here.

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Speaker 1 (00:11):

Ladies and gentlemen, take your seats. It’s time to start. Ladies and gentlemen, take your seats. It is time to start. Ladies and gentlemen, please take your seats. It’s time to start.

(00:49)
It’s time to start. The Seventh Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly is called to order.

(01:49)
It’s not moving. Okay. Before proceeding to the general debate, the General Assembly will hear an introduction by the Secretary-General of his annual report on the work of the organization issued as Document A, slide 79/1, on the agenda Item 111, in accordance with Resolution 51 slide 241. I now give the floor to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, his Excellency Antonio Guterres.

Speaker 2 (02:58):

Mr. President of the General Assembly, Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen. Our world is in a whirlwind. We are in a era of epic transformation, facing challenges unlike any we have ever seen. Challenges that demand global solutions. Yet geopolitical divisions keep deepening, the planet keeps heating, wars rage with no clue how they will end, and nuclear posturing and new weapons cast a dark shadow. We are edging towards the unimaginable, a power keg that risks engulfing the world. Meanwhile, 2024 is the year that half of humanity goes to the polls, and of humanity will be affected. I stand before you in this whirlwind convinced of two overriding truths. First, the state of our world is unsustainable. We can’t go on like this. And second, the challenges we face are solvable, but that requires us to make sure the mechanisms of international problem solving actually solve problems. The summit of the future was a first step, but we have a long way to go. And getting there requires confronting three major drivers of unsustainability, a world of impunity where violations, and abuses threaten the very foundation of international law, and UN Charter. A world of inequality where injustices and grievances threaten to undermine countries or even pushed them over the edge. And the world of uncertainty where unmanaged global risks threaten our future in unknowable ways. These worlds of impunity, inequality, and uncertainty are connected and colliding.

(05:22)
Excellencies, the level of impunity in the world is politically indefensible, and morally intolerable. Today a growing number of governments, and others feel entitled to get out of jail free cards. They can trample international law, they can violate United Nations Charter, they can turn a blind eye to international rights conventions, or the decisions of international courts. They can thumb their nose at international humanitarian law, they can invade another country, lay waste to all societies, or utterly disregard the welfare of their own people, and nothing will happen. We see this age of impunity everywhere, in the Middle East, in the heart of Europe, in the Horn of Africa, and beyond. The war in Ukraine is spreading with no signs of letting up. Civil civilians are paying the price in rising death tolls, and shattered lives and communities. It is time for a just peace based on the UN Charter, on international law, and on UN resolutions.

(06:51)
Meanwhile, Gaza is a non-stop nightmare that threatens to take the entire region within us. Look no further than Lebanon. We should all be alarmed by the escalation. Lebanon is at the brink, the people of Lebanon, the people of Israel, and the people of the world cannot afford Lebanon to become another Gaza. Let’s be clear, nothing can justify the abhorrent acts of terror committed by Hamas on October 7th, or the taking of hostages. Both of which I have repeatedly condemned. And nothing can justify the collective punishment of the Palestinian people.

(07:53)
The speed and scale of the killing and destruction in Gaza are unlike anything, in my years as Secretary-General. More than 200 of our own staff have been killed, many with their families, and yet the women and men of United Nations continue to deliver humanitarian aid. And I know you’ll join me in paying a special tribute to UNRWA, and to all humanitarians in Gaza. The international community must mobilize for an immediate ceasefire, the immediate and unconditional release of hostages and the beginning of an irreversible process towards a two-state solution. For those who go on undermining that goal, with more settlements, more land grabs, more incitement, I ask, what is the alternative? How could the world accept a one state in which a large number of Palestinians would be included without any freedom, any rights, or dignity?

(09:21)
In Sudan, a brutal power struggle has unleashed horrific violence, including widespread rape and sexual assaults. A humanitarian catastrophe is unfolding as famine spreads, yet outside powers continue to interfere with no unified approach to finding peace. In the Sahel, the dramatic and rapid expansion of the terrorist threat requires a joint approach rooted in solidarity, but regional and international cooperation have broken down. From Myanmar to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, to Haiti to Yemen and beyond, we continue to see appalling levels of violence and human suffering in the face of a chronic failure to find solutions.

(10:14)
Meanwhile, our peacekeeping missions are too often operating in areas where simply there is no peace to keep. Instability in many places around the world is a byproduct of instability in power relations, and geopolitical divides. For all its perils, the Cold War had rules. There were hotlines, redlines, and guardrails. It can feel as though we don’t have that today, and nor do we have a unipolar world. We are moving to a multipolar world, but we are not yet there, yet. We are in a purgatory of polarity. And in this purgatory, more and more countries are feeling the spaces of geopolitical divides, doing whatever they want with no accountability. That is why it is more important than ever to reaffirm the Charter, to respect international law, to support and implement decisions of international courts, and to reinforce human rights in the world, anywhere and everywhere.

Speaker 3 (11:35):

Excellencies, leaders and gentlemen, rising inequalities are a second driver of unsustainability, and a stain on our collective conscience. Inequality is not a technical, or bureaucratic issue, at its heart, inequality is a question of power with historic roots. Conflict, climate upheaval, and the cost of living crisis are pushing those roots even deeper. At the same time, the world has not recovered from the surge in inequalities caused by the pandemic. Of the world’s poorest 75 countries, one-third are worse off today than they were five years ago. During that same period, the five richest men in the world have more than doubled their wealth. And the top 1% of people on earth own 43% of all global financial assets.

(12:53)
At the national level, some governments are supercharging inequalities by doling out massive tax giveaways to corporations, and the ultra rich, while shortchanging investments in health, education and social protection. No one is being more shortchanged than the world’s women and girls. Excellencies, rampant gender-based discrimination and abuse are the most prevalent inequality across all societies. Every day, it seems that we are confronted by yet more sickening cases of femicide, gender-based violence, and mass rape, both in peacetime, and as a weapon of war. In some countries, laws are being used to threaten reproductive health and rights and in Afghanistan laws are being used to lock in the systematic oppression of women and girls. And I’m sorry to observe that despite years of talk, gender inequality is on full display. Please forgive me, it’s on full display in this hall as well. Less than 10% of speakers during this week’s general debate are women. This is unacceptable, especially when we know that gender equality delivers for peace, sustainable development, climate action, and much more. That is precisely why we took targeted measures to achieve gender parity among the United Nations senior leadership. This is a goal that we have already achieved. It’s doable. I call on male-dominated political, and economic establishments around the world to do it as well. Excellencies, global inequalities are reflected and reinforced even in our own global institutions. The United Nations Security Council was designed by the victors of the Second World War. At the time, most of the African continent was still under colonial domination. To this day, Africa has no permanent seat on the world’s pre-eminent council of peace. This must change.

(15:48)
So must the global financial architecture set up 80 years ago. I commend the leaders of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund for taking the important steps that they have. But as the Pact for the Future emphasizes, tackling inequalities requires accelerating reform of the international financial architecture. Over the past eight decades, the global economy has grown and transformed. The Bretton Woods institutions have not kept pace. They can no longer provide a global safety net, or offer developing countries the level of support that they need.

(16:42)
In the world’s poorest countries, the debt interest payments now cost more on average than investments in education, health and infrastructure combined. And around the world. More than 80% of sustainable development goal targets are off track.

(17:04)
Excellencies, getting back on track requires a search of financing for the 2030 agenda, and the Paris Agreement. That means that G20 countries need to lead on an SDG stimulus of $500 billion a year. It means reforms to substantially increase the lending capacity of multilateral development banks, and to enable them to massively scale up affordable long-term climate, and development finance, it means expanding contingency financing through recycling of special drawing rights. And it means promoting long-term debt restructuring.

(17:57)
Excellencies, I have no allusions about the obstacles to reform of the multilateral system. Those with political and economic power, or those who believe they have that power are always reluctant to change, but the status quo is already draining their power. Without reform, fragmentation is inevitable, and global institutions will become less legitimate, less credible, and less effective.

Speaker 2 (18:29):

Excellencies, the third driver of our unsustainable world is uncertainty. The ground is shifting under our feet. Anxiety levels are off the charts, and young people in particular are counting on us and seeking solutions. Uncertainty is compounded by two existential threats, the climate crisis, and the rapid advance of technology. In particular, artificial intelligence. Excellencies, we are in a climate meltdown. Extreme temperatures, raging fires, droughts, and epic floods are not natural disasters. They are human disasters, increasingly fueled by fossil fuels. No country is spared.

(19:21)
But the poorest, and most vulnerable are hardest hit. Climate hazards are blowing a hole through the budgets of many African countries, costing up to 5% of GDP every year. And this is just the start. We are on course to careen past the global limit of a 1.5 degree temperature rise. But as the problem gets worse, solutions are getting better. Renewal prices are plummeting, rollout is accelerating, and lives are being transformed by affordable, accessible, clean energy.

(20:08)
Renewables don’t just generate power, they generate jobs, wealth, energy security, and the past, out of poverty for millions, but developing countries cannot be plundered in that journey. Our panel on critical minerals has recommended fair and sustainable ways to meet global demand for these resources which are essential to the renewables revolution.

(20:34)
Excellencies, a future without fossil fuel is certain a fair and fast transition is not. That is in your hands. By next year, every country must produce an ambitious new national climate action plan, or national determined contributions. And these must bring national energy strategies, sustainable development priorities, and climate ambitions together. They must align with 1.5 degree limit, cover the whole economy and contribute to every one of the COP28 energy transition targets. An international energy agency report released today, breaks this down. By 2035, on average advanced economies must slash energy emissions 80%, and the emerging markets 65%.

(21:33)
The G20 is responsible for 80% of total emissions. They must lead the charge, keeping with the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities in the light of different national circumstances. But these must be done with a joint effort, pulling resources, scientific capacities, and proven and affordable technologies for all to be able to reach those targets. I’m honored to be working closely with President Lula of Brazil, who is both G20 share, and COP30 host, to secure maximum ambition, acceleration, and cooperation. We just met, for that purpose. Finance is essential. COP29 is around the corner. It must deliver a significant new finance goal, and we also need a loss and damage fund that meets the scale of the challenge, and developed countries meeting their adaptation finance promises. And we must finally flip the script on a crazy situation. We continue to reward polluters to wreck our planet.

(22:49)
The fossil fuel industry continues to pocket massive profits and subsidies, while everyday people bear the costs of climate catastrophe. From rising insurance premiums to lost livelihoods. I call on G20 countries to shift money from fossil fuel subsidies and investments, to adjust energy transition, to put an effective price on carbon, and to implement new and innovative sources of financing, including solidarity levies on fossil fuel extraction through legally binding transparent mechanisms. All by next year. And these taking into account that those who shoulder the blame must foot the bill. Polluters must pay.

(23:41)
Excellencies, the rapid rise of new technologies poses another unpredictable existential risk. Artificial intelligence will change virtually everything we know, from work, education, communication, to culture and politics. We know AI is rapidly advancing, but where is it taking us? To more freedom or more conflict? To more sustainable world or greater inequality? To being better informed, or easier to manipulate?

(24:21)
A handful of companies and even individuals have already amassed the enormous power over the development of AI with little accountability, or oversight for the moment. Without a global approach to its management, artificial intelligence could lead to artificial divisions across the board. A great fracture with two internets, two markets, two economies, with every country forced to pick a side, and enormous consequences for all. The United Nations is the universal platform for dialogue and consensus. It is uniquely placed to promote cooperation and AI based on the values of the Charter and international law. The global debate happens here, or it does not happen. And I welcome important first steps, two resolutions in the General Assembly, the global digital compact, and the recommendations of high-level body on AI can lay the foundations for inclusive governance of AI. Let’s move forward together to make AI a force for good.

(25:32)
Excellencies, nothing lasts forever, but the feature of human life is that it appears otherwise. The current order always feels fixed, until it is not. Across human history, we see empires rising and falling, old certainties crumbling, tectonic shifts in global affairs. Today, our course is unsustainable. It is in all our interest to manage the epic transformations underway, to choose the future we want, and to guide our world towards it. Many have said that divisions, and differences today are just too great, that it is impossible for us to come together for the common good. You proved that is not true. The Summit of the Future showed that with the spirit of dialogue and compromise, we can join forces to steer our world to a more sustainable path. It is not the end, it is a start of a journey, a compass in the whirlwind. Let’s keep going. Let’s move our world towards less impunity and more accountability, less inequality and more justice, less uncertainty and more opportunity.

(26:57)
The people of the world are looking to us, and succeeding generations will look back on us. Let them find us on the side of the United Nations Charter, on the side of our shared values and principles, and on the right side of history. And I thank you.

Speaker 1 (27:36):

I thank the Secretary-General.

(27:37)
Where are we?

(27:50)
The Assemble will now turn to agenda item eight entitled, General Debate. Excellencies, Heads of State and Government, Your Excellency, Antonio Guterres, Secretary-General of the United Nations, Honorable Ministers, distinguished delegates, ladies and gentlemen. Good morning. I extend a heartfelt welcome to the delegations from member states, observers, and esteemed guests. It is my profound honor and privilege to welcome you to this August Hall for the General Debate of the 79th Session of the General Assembly. Before I proceed, I would like to recognize the presence here today of nine of my predecessors, past presidents of the General Assembly. Although barely two weeks in the job, I can already appreciate the challenges they navigated through. The General Debate remains one of the worst, most inclusive representative, and authoritative platforms for global reflection, and collective action. This year, the urgency of our task cannot be overstated. We are falling behind in our pursuit of the sustainable development goals. I am informed that with just five years to go, less than 18% of the goals have been achieved. Also, the climate crisis is no longer a distant threat. It is here now ravaging ecosystems, and dismantling the livelihoods of entire communities. Conflicts rage from the Middle East to Ukraine, from Haiti to South Sudan, living in the awake death, destruction, and immense suffering. I called for an immediate ceasefire in all these conflict settings.

(31:14)
For almost a year now, the people of Gaza and Israel have been caught in a spiraling cycle of conflict and retribution. I take this opportunity to call for an immediate ceasefire for the Hamas-Israel War, the unconditional release of hostages, and for all parties to abide by international law, including international humanitarian law, and work towards a just and lasting solution grounded in the United Nations Charter, relevant resolutions, and international law, ensuring dignity for both Palestinians and Israelis. Indeed, only a two-state solution can end the cycle of violence and instability, ensuring peace, security, and dignity, for both Palestinians and Israelis.

(32:20)
Excellencies, we should be coming together for peace and the well-being of our citizens. We should not divert essential resources into military stockpiles fueling an arms race never before seen, since the Cold War era. Nuclear weapons continue to be a threat to humanity, and to our planet. A nuclear war must never be fought. Conditions for their use, or accidental explosion, must always be avoided. We call for urgent measures for the abolition

Philémon Yang (33:00):

… abolition of these tools of the annihilation of the human race and our environment. Old hatred is rooted in prejudice and ignorance persist and new divisions arise where none should exist. In the recent past, mistrust among states has grown steadily, complicating prospects for peace, full settlement of interstate disputes. It is time to invest more in building trust and practicing dialogue. Constant dialogue is a powerful weapon for all governments have in their hands. Trust and dialogue are integral parts of for our human dignity and precondition for lasting peace and security.

(33:52)
Excellencies, gender equality remains a distant goal, as many women and girls around the world continue to be denied the basic rights, justice, and opportunities. Globally, we witness a troubling regression in the protection of human rights and human dignity. Millions remain trapped in poverty. Their lives restricted by forces beyond their control. Forced labor and modern slavery extending even to young boys and girls of school age are an insult to human dignity. They must be combated in every society at all times.

(34:36)
Excellencies, there is an urgent need to reform the international financial system as too many countries remain burdened by crippling debt forced to choose between servicing loans and improving the lives of their citizens. Meanwhile, the digital divide continues to widen cutting off entire populations from the tools you need to succeed in the 21st century.

(35:10)
Excellencies, we are not mere spectators of this crisis, nor are we powerless to act. Within this hall are the leaders and representatives of the world’s nations. The very people with the authority and responsibility to shape the course of our shared future. At our disposal is one of the most powerful tools for positive change. International cooperation grounded in the undeniable truth that even the most powerful nation cannot solve these complex borderless challenges alone. This truth was reaffirmed through our efforts at the Summit of the Future and the consensus adoption of the Pact of the Future. The Pact of the Future charts a path forward, reinvigorating our multilateral institutions with renewed energy, focus and clarity to meet the demands of a rapidly changing world. Let us build on this momentum.

(36:19)
Excellencies, a better world begins with unlocking the potential of we the peoples of the world. Freedom and good governance ensure that no one, no individual, no committee is left behind. In this endeavor we must never overlook the challenges faced by the small island developing states, the landlocked developing states, the least developing countries and the small states. It is incumbent on the United Nations to do more than just express solidarity. Specific programs responding to the unique situations in which these groups of states find themselves must be envisaged. This will be a priority of my presidency. Africa is one of the priorities of the United Nations. We must support Africa. The African Union’s Agenda 2063 presents a bold and transformative vision for the continent.

(37:28)
Africa currently has the youngest population in the world, and by 2063, 1 in 4 people will be African. The generation of resources for the well-being of these peoples has been much slower than the population growth. We must not let Africa’s potential go unrealized. In fact, to truly unlock Africa’s vast potential, we must actively cultivate global partnerships that align with the continent’s aspirations and drive its success. In this endeavor I look forward to working with member states of the United Nations this year on keeping Africa at the heart of our agenda.

(38:19)
Excellencies, in this 79th session, I also want to prioritize multilingualism as a recognition of our world’s cultural and linguistic richness. We understand that the multitude of languages, cultures, and perspectives should not be viewed as a source of division, but as a wellspring of strength.

(38:43)
Excellencies, we anticipate a very successful high-level week. In addition to the recently concluded Summit of the Future and this ongoing general debate, several critical high-level events are expected to take place. These include the high-level event on microbial resistance, the high-level meeting on addressing the existential threats posed by sea-level rise, and the high-level plenary meeting to commemorate and promote the international day for the total elimination of nuclear weapons. Throughout the 79th session, we will address the urgent issues of our time. While we may not agree on every issue, we all share the same fundamental goal. To build a better world for everyone everywhere. Here today, our representatives from 193 member states each embodying our collective aspirations, each guided by a shared vision. The path ahead is difficult, fraught with obstacles that may at times seem insurmountable, but they are not impossible. We have the tools, the knowledge, and the collective will to overcome these challenges if we act together with courage and conviction. Thank you.

(40:21)
Thank you. Before giving the floor to the first speaker for this morning, I would like to remind members that the list of speakers for the general debate has been established on the agreed basis that statements should be no longer than 15 minutes to enable all the speakers to be heard at a given meeting. Within this timeframe, I would like to appeal to speakers to deliver their statements at a reasonable pace so that interpretation into other official United Nations languages may be provided properly.

(41:34)
I would also like to draw your attention to the decision taken by the General Assembly at previous sessions, namely that the practice of expressing congratulations inside the General Assembly Hall after a speech has been delivered is strongly discouraged. After delivering the statements from the rostrum, speakers are invited to exit the General Assembly Hall through room GA200 located behind the podium before returning to their seats. May I take it that the General Assembly agrees to proceed in this manner? It is so decided.

(42:25)
Finally, I should like to draw the attention of members that during the general debate, official photographs of all the speakers taken by the Department of Global Communications. Members interested in obtaining these photographs are requested to contact the photo library of the United Nations. The Assembly will hear an address by his Excellency, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, president of the Federative Republic of Brazil. I request protocol to escort his Excellency and invite him to address the Assembly.

Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (43:22):

My greetings to the President of the General Assembly, Mr. Yang. I would like to greet the Secretary General Antonio Gutierrez and each of the heads of state and government and delegates present. I would like to address this specifically to the Palestinian delegation who is taking part in this opening session for the first time, a bit as an observer member. I would like to also mention President Abbas attending this meeting.

(44:11)
Ladies and gentlemen, the day before yesterday, here in this very plenary, we adopted the Pact for the Future. It’s difficult approval shows the weakening of our collective capacity for negotiation and dialogue. Its limited scope is also an expression of the paradox of our time. We walk around in circles between possible commitments that lead to insufficient results. Not even with a tragedy of COVID-19 were we able to unite around a treaty on pandemics at the World Health Organization. We need to go much further and provide the UN with the necessary means to face the dizzying changes in the international panorama.

(45:03)
We are living in a time of growing anguish, frustration, tension, and fear. We are witnessing an alarming escalation of geopolitical disputes and strategic rivalries. 2023 holds the sad record of the highest number of conflicts since World War II. Global military spending grew for the ninth consecutive year and reached $2. 4 trillion. Over $90 billion have been mobilized with nuclear arsenals. These resources could have been used to finance the fight against hunger and climate change. What we are seeing is an increase in military capabilities. The use of force not supported by international law is becoming the rule. We are witnessing two simultaneous conflicts with the potential to become widespread conflagrations.

(46:05)
In Ukraine, with regret, we are seeing the war extending without any prospect of peace. Brazil has firmly condemned the invasion of the Ukrainian territory. It is already clear that neither side will be able to achieve all their objectives through military means. The use of increasingly destructive weapons brings to the mind the darkest days of the sterile Cold War confrontation. Creating conditions for resuming direct dialogue between the parties is crucial at this time. This is a message of the six points of understanding that China and Brazil offer for a process of dialogue to be established and for the hostilities to end.

(46:53)
In Gaza and the West Bank we are witnessing one of the greatest humanitarian crises in recent history, which is now spreading dangerously to Lebanon. What began as a terrorist action by fanatics against innocent Israeli civilians has become a collective punishment for the entire Palestinian people. They have been over 40,000 fatal victims, mostly women and children. The right to defense has become the right to vengeance, which prevents an agreement for the release of hostages and postpones the ceasefire. Forgotten conflicts in Sudan and Yemen are causing excruciating suffering to nearly 30 million people. This year the number of people in need of humanitarian aid in the world will reach 300 million. In times of increasing polarization, expressions such as deglobalization and decoupling have become commonplace, but it is impossible to deplanetize our life together. We’re doomed to climate change interdependence. The planet is no longer waiting to demand payment for the next generation and is fed up with unfulfilled climate agreements. And it’s tired of neglected carbon reduction targets and financial aid to poor country that does not arrive.

(48:20)
Denialism succumbs to evidence of global warming. 2024 is on track to be the hottest year in modern history. Hurricanes in the Caribbean, typhoons in Asia, droughts and floods in Africa, torrential rains in Europe leave a trail of death and destruction. In the south of Brazil we had the biggest flood since 1941. The Amazon is experiencing the worst drought in 45 years. The forest fires have spread across the country and have already devoured 5 million hectares in August alone. My government does not outsource responsibility, nor does it abdicate its sovereignty. We have done already a lot, but we know that much more needs to be done.

(49:17)
In addition to facing the challenge of climate crisis, we’re fighting against those who profit with environmental degradation. We will not tolerate environmental crimes, illegal mining and organized crime. We reduced the deforestation in the Amazon by 50% in the last year and we will eradicate it by 2030. It is no longer acceptable to think about solutions for tropical forests without listening to the indigenous peoples traditional communities and all those that live in them. Our sustainable development vision is based on the potential of the bio-economy. Brazil will host COP30 in 2025, convinced that multilateralism is the only way to overcome the climate emergency.

(50:08)
Our nationally determined contribution, NDC, will be presented later this year in line with the goal of limiting the increase of the planet’s temperature to 1.5 degrees. Brazil stands out as a source of opportunities in this world revolutionized by energy transition. Today we are one of the countries with the cleanest energy mix. 90% of our electricity comes from renewable sources such as biomass, hydro-electrical power, solar power and wind power. We made the choice for biofuels 50 years ago, long before the discussion about alternative energies gained traction. We are in the forefront of other important niches such as green hydrogen production. It is time to face the debate about the slow pace of the planet’s decarbonization and work for an economy less reliant on fossil fuels.

(51:11)
Mr. President, Latin America has experienced a second lost decade since 2014. The region’s average growth during this period was only just 0.9%, less than half of what was seen in the last decade of the ’80s. This combination of low growth and high levels of inequality results in harmful effects on the political landscape. Engulfed by disputes often unrelated to the region our vocation for cooperation understanding has been weakened. It is unjustified keeping Cuba on a unilateral list of states that allegedly promote terrorism. And also that this [inaudible 00:52:05] reaches the most vulnerable countries. In Haiti, it’s urgent to combine actions to restore public order and promote development. In Brazil, defending democracy implies impermanent action against extremist messianic and totalitarian attacks which spread hatred, intolerance, and resentment.

(52:27)
It was on its behalf that Brazilians defeated dictators and tyrants who tried to undermine institution and put them at the service of reactionary interests. Democracy needs to respond to the legitimate aspiration of those who no longer accept hunger, inequality, unemployment and violence. In a globalized world, it makes no sense to resort to false patriots and isolationists, nor is there hope in resorting to ultra-liberal experiments that only worsen the difficulties of an impoverished continent.

(53:05)
The future of our region depends above all on building a sustainable, efficient, and inclusive state that tackles all forms of discrimination. A future which is not intimidated by individuals, corporations, or digital platforms that consider themselves above the law. Freedom is the first victim of a world with no rules. Essential elements of sovereignty includes the right to prescribe laws, educate, dispute, and enforce rules within one’s territory, including the digital environment. The state we are building is sensitive to the needs of the most vulnerable without giving up sound macroeconomic foundations. The false opposition between state and market was abandoned by developed nations which returned to practice active industrial policies and strong regulation of the domestic economy.

(54:07)
In the area of artificial intelligence, we are experiencing the consolidation of asymmetries that lead to a true knowledge oligopoly. The unprecedented concentration in the hands of a small number of people and companies based in an even smaller number of countries is advancing. We are interested in an emancipatory artificial intelligence, which also has the face of the global south and which strengthens cultural diversity that respects human rights, protects personal data, and promotes information integrity. And above all that it will be a tool for peace not for war. We need an intergovernmental governance of the artificial intelligence in which all states have a seat.

(54:57)
Mr. President, conditions for accessing financial resources remain prohibitive for most low and middle-income countries. The debt burden limits fiscal room to invest in health and education, reduce inequalities and address climate change. African countries borrow at rates up to eight times higher than Germany and four times higher than the United States. It’s a Marshall Plan in reverse in which the poorest finance the richest. Without greater participation of the developing countries in the management of the IMF and the World Bank, there will be no effective change. While the sustainable development goals lag behind the world’s 150th largest companies had collectively made up to one point …. trillion dollars in profits over the last two years. The fortunes of the top five billionaires have more than doubled since the start of this decade. While 60% of the humanity has become poor.

(56:11)
The super-rich pay proportionately much less tax than the working class. To remedy this anomaly, Brazil has insisted on international cooperation to develop minimum global taxation standards. The data released by FAO two months ago on the state of food insecurity in the world is shocking. The number of people going hungry around the world has increased by more than 152 million since 2019. This means that 9% of the world’s population, 733 million people are undernourished. The problem is severely severe in Africa and Asia, but it also persists in parts of Latin America. Women and girls make up the majority of people facing hunger in the world. Pandemics, armed conflicts, climate events and agricultural subsidies from rich countries are increasing the scope of this scourge. But hunger is not just the result of external factors. It arises above all from political choices.

(57:28)
Today, the world produces more than enough food to eradicate it. What is missing is for conditions to be created so that food may be affordable. This is my government’s most urgent commitment. End hunger in Brazil as we did in 2014. In ’23 alone, we lifted 24,400,000 people out of a condition of severe food insecurity. The Global Alliance Against Hunger and Poverty, which we will launch in Rio de Janeiro in November, was born from this political will and this spirit of solidarity. It will be one of the main results of the Brazilian G20 chairmanship and is open to the world. Anyone who wants to join this collective effort is welcome.

(58:19)
Mr. President, ladies and gentlemen, about to turn 80, the United Nations Charter has never undergone comprehensive reform. Only four amendments were passed, all of them between 1965 and 1973. The Charter’s current version fails to address some of humanity’s most pressing challenges. When the UN was founded, we were 51 countries. We are now 193 countries. Several countries mainly on the African continent were under colonial rule when the UN was founded. It had no say over its goals and functioning. There is no gender balance in the highest positions. The position of Secretary General has never been held by a woman. We are approaching the end of the first quarter of the 21st century, where the United Nations is increasingly empty and paralyzed. It is time to react vigorously to this situation, restoring to the organization the prerogatives that derive from its status as a universal forum. One-off adjustments are not enough. We need to think about reviewing and revising the charter comprehensively. The reform should include the following goals. Transforming the economic and social council into the main forum for dealing with sustainable development and the fight against climate change with a real capacity to inspire financial institutions. Revitalizing the role of the General Assembly, including in matters of international peace and security. Strengthening of the peace building commission. Reform of the Security Council, focusing on its composition, working methods and veto powers in order to make it more effective and representative of contemporary realities. Excluding Latin America and Africa from the permanent seats of the Security Council is an unacceptable echo of domination practices from the colonial past.

(01:00:59)
Let’s promote this discussion in a transparent way in consultation with the G77, the G20 and the BRICS and the CARICOM and the UE and any other spaces that exist. I have no illusions about the complexity of a reform like this, which will face crystallized interests in maintaining the status quo. It will require enormous negotiation effort, but that is our responsibility. We cannot wait for another world tragedy like the World War II, to only then build a new governance on its rubbles. The will of the majority can persuade those who cling to the raw expression of the mechanisms of power. Humanity’s aspirations equal in this plenary. Here we engage in the world’s big debates. In this forum, we look for answers to the problems inflicted on the world. It is up to the General Assembly, the biggest expression of multilateralism, is the mission to pave the way for the future. Thank you very much.

Philémon Yang (01:02:31):

On behalf of the Assembly, I wish to thank the President of the Federative Republic of Brazil.

Speaker 4 (01:02:37):

They have to check something [inaudible 01:02:38]

Speaker 5 (01:02:37):

Everything okay?

Philémon Yang (01:02:37):

They say they’re checking a few things before … He’s here, but I think they’re checking a few things. I don’t know.

Speaker 4 (01:03:45):

Just driving. Another minute.

Speaker 6 (01:06:54):

The assembly will hear an address by his excellency Joseph R. Biden, Jr., President of the United States of America. I request protocol to escort his excellency and invite him to address the assembly.

Joe Biden (01:08:25):

My fellow leaders, today is the fourth time I’ve had the great honor of speaking to this assembly as President of the United States. It will be my last.

(01:08:39)
I’ve seen a remarkable sweep of history. I was first elected to office in the United States of America as a U.S. senator in 1972. Now, I know I look like I’m only 40. I know that.

(01:08:56)
I was 29 years old. Back then, we were living through an inflection point, a moment of tension and uncertainty. The world was divided by the Cold War. The Middle East was headed toward war. America was at war in Vietnam, at that point, the longest war in America’s history.

(01:09:21)
Our country was divided and angry, and there were questions about our staying power and our future. But even then, I entered public life not out of despair but out of optimism.

(01:09:37)
The United States and the world got through that moment. It wasn’t easy or simple or without significant setbacks. But we would go on to reduce the threat of nuclear weapons through arms control and then go on to bring the Cold War itself to an end. Israel and Egypt went to war but then forged a historic peace. We ended the war in Vietnam.

(01:10:04)
Last year, in Hanoi, I met with the Vietnamese leadership, and we elevated our partnership to the highest level. It’s a testament to the resilience of the human spirit and the capacity for reconciliation that today the United States and Vietnam are partners and friends, and it’s proof that even from the horrors of war there is a way forward. Things can get better.

(01:10:32)
We should never forget that. I have seen that throughout my career.

(01:10:37)
In the 1980s, I spoke out against apartheid in South Africa, and then I watched the racist regime fall.

(01:10:45)
In the 1990s, I worked to hold Milošević accountable for war crimes. He was held accountable.

(01:10:53)
At home, I wrote and passed the Violence Against Women Act to end the scourge of violence against women and girls not only in America but across the world, as many of you have as well. But we have so much more to do, especially against rape and sexual violence as weapons of war and terror.

(01:11:12)
We were attacked on 9/11 by Al-Qaeda and Osama bin Laden. We brought him justice.

(01:11:19)
Then I came to the presidency in another moment in a crisis and uncertainty. I believed America had to look forward. New challenges, new threats, new opportunities were in front of us. We needed to put ourselves in a position to see the threats, to deal with the challenges, and to seize the opportunities as well.

(01:11:43)
We needed to end the era of war that began on 9/11. As vice president to President Obama, he asked me to work to wind down the military operations in Iraq. And we did, painful as it was.

(01:11:58)
When I came to office as president, Afghanistan had replaced Vietnam as America’s longest war. I was determined to end it, and I did. It was a hard decision but the right decision.

(01:12:12)
Four American presidents had faced that decision, but I was determined not to leave it to the fifth. It was a decision accompanied by tragedy. 13 brave Americans lost their lives along with hundreds of Afghans in a suicide bomb. I think those lost lives, I think of them every day.

(01:12:31)
I think of all the 2,461 U.S. military deaths over a long 20 years of that war. 20,744 American servicemen wounded in action. I think of their service, their sacrifice, and their heroism.

(01:12:47)
I know other countries lost their own men and women fighting alongside us. We honor their sacrifices as well.

(01:12:54)
To face the future, I was also determined to rebuild my country’s alliances and partnerships to a level not previously seen. We did just that, from traditional treaty alliances to new partnerships like the Quad with the United States, Japan, Australia, and India.

(01:13:16)
I know many look at the world today and see difficulties and react with despair, but I do not. I won’t.

(01:13:24)
As leaders, we don’t have the luxury.

(01:13:27)
I recognize the challenges from Ukraine to Gaza to Sudan and beyond: war, hunger, terrorism, brutality, record displacement of people, a climate crisis, democracy at risk, strains within our societies, the promise of artificial intelligence and its significant risks. The list goes on.

(01:13:53)
But maybe because of all I’ve seen and all we have done together over the decades, I have hope. I know there is a way forward.

(01:14:04)
In 1919, the Irish poet William Butler Yeats described a world, and I quote, where “Things fall apart; the center cannot hold; Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world”.

(01:14:21)
Some may say those words describe the world not just in 1919 but in 2024. But I see a critical distinction.

(01:14:31)
In our time, the center has held. Leaders and people from every region and across the political spectrum have stood together. We turned the page on the worst pandemic in a century. We made sure COVID no longer controls our lives. We defended the U.N. Charter and ensured the survival of Ukraine as a free nation. My country made the largest investment in climate and clean energy ever, anywhere in history.

(01:15:01)
There will always be forces that pull our countries apart and the world apart: aggression, extremism, chaos, and cynicism, a desire to retreat from the world and go it alone.

(01:15:17)
Our task, our test is to make sure that the forces holding us together are stronger than those that are pulling us apart, that the principles of partnership that we came here each year to uphold can withstand the challenges, that the center holds once again.

(01:15:38)
My fellow leaders, I truly believe we are at another inflection point in world history where the choices we make today will determine our future for decades to come.

(01:15:51)
Will we stand behind the principles that unite us? We stand firm against aggression. Will we end the conflicts that are raging today? Will we take on global challenges like climate change, hunger, and disease? Will we plan now for the opportunities and risk of a revolutionary new technologies?

(01:16:13)
I want to talk today about each of those decisions and the actions, in my view, we must take.

(01:16:19)
To start, each of us in this body has made a commitment to the principles of the U.N. Charter, to stand up against aggression. When Russia invaded Ukraine, we could have stood by and merely protested. But Vice President Harris and I understood that that was an assault on everything this institution is supposed to stand for.

(01:16:40)
And so, at my direction, America stepped into the breach, providing massive security and economic and humanitarian assistance. Our NATO Allies and partners and 50-plus nations stood up as well. But most importantly, the Ukrainian people stood up. And I ask the people of this chamber to stand up for them.

(01:17:04)
The good news is Putin’s war has failed at his core aim. He set out to destroy Ukraine, but Ukraine is still free. He set out to weaken NATO, but NATO is bigger, stronger, and more united than ever before with two new members, Finland and Sweden.

(01:17:25)
But we cannot let up. The world now has another choice to make: Will we sustain our support to help Ukraine win this war and preserve its freedom or walk away and let aggression be renewed and a nation be destroyed?

(01:17:44)
I know my answer. We cannot grow weary. We cannot look away. And we will not let up on our support for Ukraine, not until Ukraine wins a just and durable peace on the U.N. Charter. We also need to uphold our principles as we seek to responsibly manage the competition with China so it does not veer into conflict. We stand ready to cooperate on urgent challenges for the good of our people and the people everywhere.

(01:18:24)
We recently resumed cooperation with China to stop the flow of deadly synthetic narcotics. I appreciate the collaboration. It matters for the people in my country and many others around the world.

(01:18:37)
On matters of conviction, the United States is unabashed, pushing back against unfair economic competition and against military coercion of other nations in the South China Sea, in maintaining peace and stability across the Taiwan Straits, in protecting our most advanced technologies so they cannot be used against us or any of our partners. At the same time, we’re going to continue to strengthen our network of alliances and partnerships across the Indo-Pacific. These partnerships are not against any nation. They are building blocks for a free, open, secure, and peaceful Indo-Pacific.

(01:19:17)
We are also working to bring a greater measure of peace and stability to the Middle East. The world must not flinch from the horrors of October 7th. Any country, any country would have the right and responsibility to ensure that such an attack can never happen again.

(01:19:33)
Thousands of armed Hamas terrorists invaded a sovereign state, slaughtering and massacring more than 1,200 people, including 46 Americans, in their homes and at a music festival; despicable acts of sexual violence; 250 innocents taken hostage.

(01:19:53)
I’ve met with the families of those hostages. I’ve grieved with them. They’re going through hell. Innocent civilians in Gaza are also going through hell. Thousands and thousands killed, including aid workers. Too many families dislocated, crowding into tents, facing a dire humanitarian situation. They didn’t ask for this war that Hamas started.

(01:20:19)
I put forward with Qatar and Egypt a ceasefire and hostage deal. It’s been endorsed by the U.N. Security Council. Now is the time for the parties to finalize its terms, bring the hostages home, secure security for Israel, and Gaza free of Hamas’ grip, ease the suffering in Gaza, and end this war.

(01:20:44)
On October 7th … Since October 7, we’ve also been determined to prevent a wider war that engulfs the entire region. Hezbollah, unprovoked, joined the October 7th attack launching rockets into Israel. Almost a year later, too many on each side of the Israeli-Lebanon border remain displaced.

(01:21:13)
A full-scale war is not in anyone’s interest. Even as the situation has escalated, a diplomatic solution is still possible. In fact, it remains the only path to lasting security to allow the residents from both countries to return to their homes on the border safely. And that’s what we’re working tirelessly to achieve.

(01:21:36)
As we look ahead, we must also address the rise of violence against innocent Palestinians on the West Bank and set the conditions for a better future, including a two-state solution, where Israel enjoys security and peace and full recognition and normalized relations with all its neighbors, where Palestinians live in security, dignity, and self-determination in a state of their own. Progress toward peace will put us in a stronger position to deal with the ongoing threat posed by Iran. Together, we must deny oxygen to its terrorist proxies, which have called for more October 7ths, and ensure that Iran will never, ever obtain a nuclear weapon.

(01:22:29)
Gaza is not the only conflict that deserves our outrage. In Sudan, a bloody civil war unleashed one of the world’s worst humanitarian crises: eight million, eight million on the brink of famine, hundreds of thousands already there, atrocities in Darfur and elsewhere.

(01:22:50)
The United States has led the world in providing humanitarian aid to Sudan. And with our partners, we have led diplomatic talks to try to silence the guns and avert a wider famine. The world needs to stop arming the generals, to speak with one voice and tell them: Stop tearing your country apart. Stop blocking aid to the Sudanese people. End this war now.

(01:23:23)
But people need more than the absence of war. They need a chance, the chance to live in dignity. They need to be protected from the ravages of climate change, hunger, and disease.

(01:23:36)
Our administration has invested over $150 billion to make progress and other Sustainable Development Goals. It includes $20 billion for food security and over $50 billion for global health. We’ve mobilized billions more in private-sector investment.

(01:23:56)
We’ve taken the most ambitious climate actions in history. We’ve moved to rejoin the Paris Agreement on day one. And today, my country is finally on track to cut emissions in half by 2030, on track to honor my pledge to quadruple climate financing to developing nations with $11 billion thus far this year.

(01:24:21)
We’ve rejoined the World Health Organization and donated nearly 700 million doses of COVID vaccine to 117 countries. We must now move quickly to face mpox outbreak in Africa. We’re prepared to commit $500 million to help African countries prevent and respond to mpox and to donate 1 million doses of mpox vaccine now.

(01:24:51)
We call on our partners to match our pledge and make this a billion-dollar commitment to the people of Africa.

(01:24:57)
Beyond the core necessities of food and health, the United States, the G7, and our partners have embarked on an ambitious initiative to mobilize and deliver significant financing to the developing world. We’re working to help countries build out their infrastructure, to clean energy transition, to their digital transformation to lay new economic foundations for a prosperous future.

(01:25:23)
It’s called the Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment. We’ve already starting to see the fruits of this emerge in Southern Africa and in Southeast Asia and in the Americas. We have to keep it going.

(01:25:37)
I want to get things done together. In order to do that, we must build a stronger, more effective, and more inclusive United Nations. The U.N. needs to adapt and bring new voices and new perspectives. That’s why we support reforming and expanding the membership of the U.N. Security Council. My U.N. ambassador just laid out our detailed vision to reflect today’s world, not yesterday’s. It’s time to move forward. And the Security Council, like the U.N. itself, needs to get back to the job of making peace; of brokering deals to end wars and suffering; and to stop the spread of the most dangerous weapons; of stabilizing troubled regions from East Africa to Haiti, to Kenya-led mission that’s working alongside the Haitian people to turn the tide.

(01:26:38)
We also have a responsibility to prepare our citizens for the future. We’ll see more technological change, I argue, in the next 2 to 10 years than we have in the last 50 years.

(01:26:51)
Artificial intelligence is going to change our ways of life, our ways of work, and our ways of war. It could usher in scientific progress at a pace never seen before. And much of it could make our lives better.

(01:27:07)
But AI also brings profound risks, from deepfakes to disinformation to novel pathogens to bioweapons.

(01:27:18)
We’ve worked at home and abroad to define the new norms and standards. This year, we achieved the first-ever General Assembly resolution on AI to start developing global rules of the road. We also announced a Declaration on Responsible Use of AI, joined by 60 countries in this chamber.

(01:27:43)
But let’s be honest. This is just the tip of the iceberg of what we need to do to manage this new technology.

(01:27:50)
Nothing is certain about how AI will evolve or how it will be deployed. No one knows all the answers.

(01:27:58)
But my fellow leaders, it’s with humility I offer two questions.

(01:28:02)
First: How do we as an international community govern AI? As countries and companies race to uncertain frontiers, we need an equally urgent effort to ensure AI’s safety, security, and trustworthiness. As AI grows more powerful, it also must grow more responsive to our collective needs and values. The benefits of all must be shared equitably. It should be harnessed to narrow, not deepen, digital divides.

(01:28:36)
Second: Will we ensure that AI supports, rather than undermines, the core principles that human life has value and all humans deserve dignity? We must make certain that the awesome capabilities of AI will be used to uplift and empower everyday people, not to give dictators more powerful shackles on the human spirit.

(01:29:01)
In the years ahead, there may well be no greater test of our leadership than how we deal with AI.

(01:29:11)
Let me close with this. Even as we navigate so much change, one thing must not change: We must never forget who we’re here to represent.

(01:29:21)
“We the People.” These are the first words of our Constitution, the very idea of America. And they inspired the opening words of the U.N. Charter.

(01:29:33)
I’ve made the preservation of democracy the central cause of my presidency.

(01:29:38)
This summer, I faced a decision whether to seek a second term as president. It was a difficult decision. Being president has been the honor of my life. There’s so much more I want to get done. But as much as I love the job, I love my country more. I decided, after 50 years of public service, it’s time for a new generation of leadership to take my nation forward.

(01:30:05)
My fellow leaders, let us never forget, some things are more important than staying in power. It’s your people … It’s your people that matter the most. Never forget, we are here to serve the people, not the other way around. Because the future will be won by those who unleash the full potential of their people, to breathe free, to think freely, to innovate, to educate, to live and love openly without fear. That’s the soul of democracy. It does not belong to any one country.

(01:30:53)
I’ve seen it all around the world in the brave men and women who ended apartheid, brought down the Berlin Wall, fight today for freedom and justice and dignity.

(01:31:05)
We saw it, that universal yearning for rights and freedom in Venezuela, where millions cast their vote for change. It hasn’t been recognized, but it can’t be denied. The world knows the truth.

(01:31:19)
We saw it in Uganda. LBGT activists demanding safety and recognition of their common humanity.

(01:31:26)
We see it in citizens across the world peacefully choosing their future, from Ghana to India to South Korea, nations representing one quarter of humanity who will hold elections this year alone.

(01:31:39)
It’s remarkable, the power of “We the People,” that makes me more optimistic about the future than I’ve ever been since I was first elected to the United States Senate in 1972.

(01:31:52)
Every age faces its challenges. I saw it as a young man. I see it today.

(01:31:59)
But we are stronger than we think. We’re stronger together than alone. And what the people call impossible, is just an illusion.

(01:32:11)
Nelson Mandela taught us, and I quote, “It always seems impossible until it’s done. It always seems impossible until it’s done.”

(01:32:21)
My fellow leaders, there is nothing that’s beyond our capacity if we work together. Let’s work together. God bless you all. And may God protect all those who seek peace.

(01:32:34)
Thank you.

Speaker 6 (01:33:00):

On behalf of the Assembly, I wish to thank the President of the United States of America. May I request representatives to remain seated while we suspend the meeting for five minutes before resuming to hear the next speaker.

(01:33:18)
Ladies and gentlemen, please be seated.

(01:33:18)
Ladies and gentlemen, please be seated.

Speaker 7 (01:33:18):

[foreign language 01:37:08]

Speaker 6 (01:33:18):

Ladies and gentlemen, please be seated.

(01:33:18)
Ladies and gentlemen, please be seated.

(01:33:18)
There is disorder.

Speaker 8 (01:33:18):

Let me check if the president is ready or not.

Speaker 6 (01:33:18):

Okay.

Speaker 9 (01:39:04):

The meeting is resumed. The assembly would hear and address by his Excellency Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, President of the Republic of Türkiye. I request protocol to escort his Excellency and invite him to address the assembly.

Speaker 10 (01:39:55):

Mr. President, dear heads of states and governments, Mr. Secretary General, distinguished delegates, on behalf of myself, my country, and my nation, I greet you with my most heartfelt feelings and respect. I’m honored to have the opportunity to address the United Nations General Assembly once again today. Well, I hope that the 79th General Assembly will be a blessing for our countries and for the entire humanity. I would like to congratulate Mr. Francis on the completion of his term as president of the General Assembly and wish success to Mr. Young as he takes over. I would like to express here our pleasure to see the representative of our friend and brother Palestine in his rightful place among the member states as a result of long struggles. I hope that this historic step will be the final turning point on the road leading to Palestine’s membership to the United Nations. The international community and all of us in the human family must fulfill our obligation to the Palestinian people without further ado that haven’t done already.

(01:41:23)
Distinguished guests, I know that there are certain crises that you’re monitoring on TV, and those are the crises that we are going through every day and we’re trying to manage them. That’s why today I’m not talking representing a country that is situated far away from tensions, but instead that is found at the very heart of tension and war. Some people will be critical of us, but despite that fact, today on the common rostrum of the human race we will speak of the truth frankly and openly. Right now, the United Nations, under the roof of which we are found today, were established in the aftermath of the Second World War in which millions of people have lost their lives to maintain international peace and security. With the establishment of the United Nations, expectations for global stability, peace, and justice were reborn and hopes for peace were sprouted again. To put it bluntly, unfortunately in the last few years, the United Nations has failed to fulfill its founding mission and has gradually become a dysfunctional structure.

(01:42:53)
“The world is bigger than five.” Is my motto, it’s my credo, and this credo represents our common values and we need those values more than ever in this day and age. International justice cannot be left in the will of five privileged member states of the security council, and the most dramatic example to that is the war, the massacre that has been going on in Gaza for the last 350 days. And since October 7, 41,000 Palestinians have been killed in the continuous Israeli attacks. 41,000 lives, 41,000 people, mostly children and women were ruthlessly taken away, and no one knows where more than 10,000 people are, most of which are children. And likewise, 100,000 people were injured, maimed, or they lost their limbs. 172 journalists were killed while trying to do their job under very difficult circumstances, and more than 500 medics have been killed while they were trying to save lives. Humanitarian aid workers and the United Nations personnel who came to the rescue of the people of Gaza who were struggling with hunger and thirst were killed, more than 215 United Nations personnel. They hit marketplaces, tents, and camps where the refugees were sheltered, they hit 820 mosques and three churches that shouldn’t have been touched even in war, and they deliberately dozens of hospitals, hundreds of schools, more than 130 ambulances carrying patients.

(01:44:52)
They shredded the charter of the United Nations from the rostrum of the United Nations and shamelessly challenge the whole world, who are people of conscience from this very rostrum, they challenge them. My friends, leaked images from Israel’s prisons, which it has turned into concentration camps, clearly show what kind of barbarianism we are facing. As a result of Israeli attacks, Gaza has become the world’s largest cemetery for women and children. More than 17,000 children were targeted by Israeli bullets and bombs. Hind Rajab was only six years old. He and his family were seeking safety. When their car was hit by Israeli forces. He lost everything, he lost his mother, father, siblings, cousins, he lost all the hopes he had packed and only he survived. He waited desperately for rescue for 12 days.

(01:46:10)
“Will you come to take me? I’m fearful.” Was waiting for a helping hand to reach out to him for 12 days. Despite the level of world has reached, despite the technology at our disposal, despite our organizations with huge budgets employing tens of thousands of personnel as a human family of 8 billion inhabitants, we haven’t yet managed to rescue a six-year-old girl, which is actually like an injured sparrow trapped under the rubble that was shaking before our eyes. Hundreds of Gazan children died and are still dying because they cannot find a morsel of a dry bread, a sip of water, and a bowl of soup. In Gaza, not only children are dying, but also the United Nations system. The values that the west claims to defend are dying, the truth is dying, the hopes of humanity to live in a more just world are dying one by one.

(01:47:29)
I am asking you bluntly here, openly, frankly, I call out to you, oh, human rights organizations, are those in Gaza and the West Bank not human beings? Do children in Palestine have no rights? Can they play out on the streets in their homelands safely? And calling out to the international press organizations, aren’t the journalists murdered by Israel on live TV your colleagues whose offices were actually raided as well? I call out to United Nations Security Council. What are you waiting for to prevent the genocide in Gaza, to put a stop to this cruelty, this barbarianism? What are you waiting for to stop Netanyahu and his network, who is endangering the lives of the Palestinian people, which is a part of a mass murder network? And what are you still waiting for to stop them putting to danger their own people and the entire region for political gain?

(01:48:46)
I would like to call out to the country’s supporting Israel in an unconditional manner. How long are you going to be able to carry the shame of witnessing this massacre? Dear friends, while children are dying in Gaza, in Ramallah, in Lebanon, while babies are dying in incubators, unfortunately the international community has given a very bad test and failed in a big way. What’s happening in Palestine, look, it’s a sign of a great moral collapse. I believe that the peoples of the world, the leaders of countries, and international organizations should reflect on this painful picture, upon this painful landscape, and I would like to state very clearly and loudly here, the Israeli government disregarding basic human rights, trampling on international law at every opportunity is practicing ethnic cleansing, a clear genocide against a nation, a people, and occupying their lands step by step. Palestinians whose freedom, independence, and most basic rights have been usurped are rightfully exercising their legitimate rights of resistance against this occupation and ethnic cleansing. The just resistance of the Palestinian people against the occupiers of their land is too noble, it’s honorable, and legitimate to be called illegitimate. It’s heroic and it’s noble. The only reason for Israel’s aggression against the Palestinian people is the unconditional support of group of countries, and I would like to wave at my brothers and sisters at the legitimate resistance in Palestine. As I’ve said before, the support of a group of countries for Israel is the reason why this aggression is still going on. Countries that have a say over Israel are openly complicit in this massacre with a policy of run for the hare and catch the hound.

(01:51:24)
Those who are supposedly working for a ceasefire in front of the stage continue to send arms and ammunition to Israel so that it can continue its massacres in the background. This inconsistency and this sis insincerity. Look, there’s a paper that has been going around back and forth since May. Hamas has repeatedly declared its acceptance of the ceasefire offer, but the Israeli government has made it very clear that this is the party that doesn’t want peace by constantly dragging its feet, making a settlement of the dispute much more difficult, almost impossible. Constantly finding an excuse and sneakily killing its negotiating partner at the time when it was closest to a ceasefire. Israel’s stalling and deception should not be given any more credit. In the absence of the implementation of UN Security Council Resolution #2735, coercive measures against Israel should be put on the agenda.

(01:52:53)
Israel’s behavior has once again demonstrated that it is imperative for the international community to develop a protection mechanism for Palestinian civilians. 70 years ago, just as Hitler was stopped by an alliance of humanity, Netanyahu and his murder network must be stopped by an alliance of humanity. We believe that the General Assembly’s authority to recommend the use of force as in the 1950 Resolution on Unity For Peace should be considered in this process. During this time, an immediate and a permanent ceasefire must be established, hostages and prisoners must be exchanged, and humanitarian aid must be delivered to Gaza unhindered and uninterrupted. It’s very, very important that we extend a helping hand to the people of Gaza, especially before the winter season when conditions on the ground will become even more challenging.

(01:54:21)
Look, right now 70% of the water supplies and 75% of the bakeries in Gaza have been destroyed. 95% of health centers were partially or completely damaged. 150,000 houses were completely destroyed, 200,000 houses were partially destroyed, and 80,000 houses become uninhabitable. Infectious diseases such as polio and hepatitis are on the rise. The people of Gaza receive only a quarter of the aid they urgently need. That’s what they have access to, and as Türkiye, we have been providing humanitarian aid to our brothers and sisters in Palestine, and we will keep on doing that. With more than 60,000 tones of aid, Türkiye is the country sending the largest amount of aid to Gaza. Likewise, by holding commercial transactions with Israel, we have demonstrated our stance on this issue. Now, during the last couple of weeks, attacks by Israeli have been increased in Lebanon and we are by the side of Lebanese people and the Lebanese government. We can see this truth for what it is. Those who murdered 41,000 people cannot rest until those who gave the orders, pulled the trigger, and dropped the bombs are held accountable for their crimes. We will not heave a sigh of relief, our conscience will not go silent. The bill for the billions of dollars of damage caused in the cities that have been destroyed, wrecked, and reduced to rubble must and will be compensated by the perpetrators. We support the case brought by the Republic of South Africa at the International Court of Justice to ensure that Israel’s crimes do not unpunished. We will take every step necessary for justice to be served in the case for which we have applied as an intervener or as a party. We will fight for the blood of Aysenur Ezgi Eygi, who was shot in the head and murdered by Israeli soldiers during a peaceful protest in Nablus, and we will fight in all legal remedies, and we will keep on doing that. While a ceasefire in Gaza is urgently needed, the underlying problem in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is the Israeli occupation of Palestinian territories. Based on the 1967 borders, an independent, sovereign and geographically integrated Palestinian state with East Jerusalem as its capital must come into being. This cannot be delayed any longer. I would like it to be known that we are closely following Israel’s increasing attacks on our first Qibla, Al-Aqsa Mosque, and Haram al-Sharif. I would like to state once again on this podium as Tayyip Erdoğan once again that I’m not using a language of politics. I am encouraged by our ancestors who have always stood by the side of the victims honorably and nobly. We are a nation that has been on the side of the oppressed and against the oppressors and oppression throughout history. We are such a nation. We welcomed Jews fleeing the Inquisition 500 years ago and Jews fleeing Hitler’s concentration camps, we opened our arms wide. We as a country and a nation, I’ll be very clear to say that we have no animosity or hostility towards the people of Israel. We oppose anti-Semitism in the same way we oppose the targeting of Muslims just because of their faith.

(01:59:28)
Our problem is with the massacre policies of the Israeli government. Our problem is with the oppressor and the oppression, just as it was five centuries ago. Everybody should know about this, we will always speak of the truth and speak of what’s right and what’s fair. Even if some people will be uncomfortable, we will continue to shout out the truth and stand by the righteous, and boldly say that we will speak of what we know is right even though it’ll hurt some people. From here, I would like to thank all the courageous people who show solidarity with the Palestinian people without discrimination of faith, country, language, or religion, and who take to the streets almost every week to raise their voices against the massacres In Gaza. I would like to especially thank the university students and the youth. Distinguished delegates, unfortunately in the 14th year of the conflict, Syria is still far from stability. The economic and humanitarian situation in the country in the grip of terrorism and separatist organizations remains dire. On the basis of UN security Council Resolution 2254, we hope to advance the political process and achieve national reconciliation.

(02:01:11)
We are determined to sincerely pursue our position in favor of a realistic dialogue. We are very sincere in that regard. Our neighbor Iraq, while continuing its fight against terrorism, is taking decisive steps towards development, reconstruction, and reintegration with its region, and the international community must support Iraq’s efforts. In this context, it is important to implement initiatives such as the Development Road Project, which will benefit the entire region on a win-win basis. The success of all these efforts depend on the complete elimination of the terrorist threat. In Iraq, in particular the PKK. We are strengthening our common action plan with another neighbor of ours, Iraq, in the region in order to establish stability and peace. It’s going to contribute tremendously to our efforts.

(02:02:19)
The war in Ukraine has been going on for three years, and we are still away from establishing a permanent peace and stability. As the arms race accelerates, the space for diplomacy is shrinking. It’s very important that diplomacy and dialogue will ensure territorial integrity and sovereignty of Ukraine, and our support for those endeavors of Turkey will continue even strongly. And again, during this process, we are determined to implement the Montreux Convention on the Straits. We will rigorously implement the Montreux Convention, we support the peace process between Azerbaijan and Armenia and hope that this process will be concluded as soon as possible with good news. We support continued high-level contacts between the two countries, and we are focusing on dialogue. Turkey and Armenia. We are also taking positive steps on that track to progress in the Azerbaijan-Armenia peace process will have a positive impact on the Turkey-Armenia normalization process. Dear friends, we play a constructive role for the prosperity and peace at the Balkans, of which we are an integral part, and we act in close cooperation with all actors in the region.

(02:03:59)
As a member of the Steering Committee for Peace Implementation Council, we emphasize the importance of the sovereignty, political unity, and territorial integrity of Bosnia and Herzegovina on every platform and continue our contribution to Operation EUFOR ALTHEA. We are successfully continuing the [inaudible 02:04:19] command we assumed last year and supporting the Belgrade-Pristina dialogue process. We want to see the Aegean Sea and the Eastern Mediterranean as a zone of stability and prosperity, where the legitimate interests of all the parties are concerned can be respected. It is in the common interest of the entire region to enhance cooperation, particularly on the delimitation of maritime jurisdictions in accordance with international law, freedom, and safety of navigation and maritime trade. International maritime law encourages cooperation between littoral states in closed or semi-closed seas such as the Aegean Sea. Turkey is ready for constructive cooperation on all issues, especially in energy and environment. We have the longest coastline in the Eastern Mediterranean and Türkiye’s key role is undeniable. Türkiye has legitimate rights and authorities in the western part of the island of Cyprus, while the Turkish Cypriots have legitimate rights in the areas around the world. It has been 50 years since the Cyprus Peace Operation and 61 years since the Cyprus issue emerged as a result of the Greek-Cypriot usurpation of the partnership state.

(02:05:52)
From that day until today, peace and tranquility have prevailed on the island. It was always the Turkish-Cypriots and Türkiye who put forth the sincere will to bring about a just lasting and sustainable solution to the Cyprus issue. The federation model is now completely outdated and we fully support the vision of a two-state solution with two different nations put forward by the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. The sovereign equality and equal international status of the Turkish-Cypriots which are the vested rights of the Turkish-Cypriots must be re-registered and the isolation must end. Today, I once again invite the international community to recognize the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus and to establish diplomatic, political, and economic relations. We actively support the stabilization of Libya and the preservation of the unity and integrity of the country. We call on all states to sincerely stand by Libya at this very sensitive time and contribute to building trust between the parties.

(02:07:24)
We must do more to end the conflict in Sudan. We all have a responsibility to deliver humanitarian assistance to the millions of Sudanese people displaced by the conflict. With its young and dynamic population, rich natural resources, and vast fertile lands, Africa has enormous potential. Based on the principles of equal partnership and mutual respect hand in hand with the peoples of Africa, we support the continent’s efforts for peace, stability, and development. We will continue to stand in full solidarity with our African brothers and sisters. As part of our initiatives, we are strengthening our deep-rooted ties with Asia. We are deepening our engagement with our partner regional organizations such as ASEAN, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, and the Pacific Islands Forum. We keep our will to develop our relations with BRICS, which brings together emerging economies alive. We share a deep-rooted history with the countries of Central Asia, and we are further strengthening our cooperation on bilateral and multilateral grounds.

(02:08:56)
Our organization of Turkic states is gradually turning into a center of attraction. The organization is becoming an exemplary model of cooperation, with the contributions of observer members, Hungary and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. We will further strengthen our unity and our togetherness as the Turkic world. And within the framework of respect for China’s sovereignty and territorial integrity, we are in close dialogue with China to protect the fundamental rights and freedoms of Uyghur Turks, with whom we have strong, historical, cultural, and humanitarian ties. We endeavor to build on the friendly ties we have established with the countries in Latin America and the Caribbean.

(02:09:57)
Distinguished delegates, we must work together to address global injustice. The United Nations’ sustainable development goals concept of leaving no one behind is a guiding principle for these efforts. As one of the largest aid donors relative to its gross domestic product, Türkiye’s development cooperation activities contribute to achieving the sustainable development goals. We contribute to efforts to ensure fair, inclusive growth and development in all international platforms, especially the G20 of which we are a member. We approach technological breakthroughs not as a source of new injustice and conflicts, but as a source of a more prosperous future, such as AI. We believe that all nations should equally benefit from the transformative power of these breakthrough technologies. The United Nations Technology Bank For Least Developed Countries, which we are hosting, is a concrete manifestation of our efforts in this direction, but unfortunately, the cyber-terror attacks that took place in Lebanon last week show us once again how deadly these technologies can be used as weapons. I approached the climate change issue from that same perspective. No country can tackle emission reductions and climate change adaptation alone. The most important issues for developing countries are financing, technology transfer, and capacity building. I sincerely believe that the COP29 Climate Summit in

Recep Tayyip Erdogan (02:12:00):

… in Baku will contribute to the solution of these issues. At the summit, we expect to launch important additional initiatives and unveil our long-term low-emission development strategy, and the zero-waste initiative that became a reality under the auspices of my spouse, Madame Emine Erdogan. And with mutual agreements, we have taken our domestic affairs and initiatives to international agendas. I would like to ask everybody to support our endeavors in that regard.

(02:12:48)
We see Islamophobia, xenophobia, and racism creeping over the world like a poison ivy. We can see that every week, attacks are taking place upon our mosques and our holy book of Quran. In the middle of Europe, people’s homes are set on fire and lives are taken because of their ethnic and religious affiliation. Their lives are taken away from them and their fundamental rights are being suspended, and nobody can ignore this growing danger any longer. On March 15th, 2024, we expect a special envoy to combat Islamophobia to be appointed at the United Nations as soon as possible, as envisaged in the draft resolution adopted on March the 15th.

(02:13:55)
Today, I would like to draw your attention once again to the danger that I raised last year on this podium. Attacks on the institution of family, the pillar of society, are increasing. The disgrace staged at the opening of the 2024 Olympic Games has revealed the extent of the threat we face as humanity. A sporting event watched by innocent children and hundreds of millions of people of all ages and beliefs has been used as a tool for a sexist propaganda. It was actually a parade of bad scenes. Those disturbing scenes of evil have wounded not only the Catholic world, the Christian world, but everyone who respects the sacred values. The issue of desexualization is no longer an orientation but a global imposition. It literally became a war against the sacred and human nature. We are facing a multidimensional, comprehensive, and ruthless project of destruction. Who are speaking out and who are reacting to this evil? Anyone who raises a voice for this annihilation project is silenced and targeted by lynch campaigns, and Turkey is determined to break the siege and resist the climate of fear.

(02:15:41)
To this end, we became a member of the United Nations Friends of the Family Group. Inshallah, God willing, together with other member countries, we will not hesitate to defend the family, the human being, and the human nature. I invite all the countries that share our sentiments to shoulder this struggle. With these thoughts in mind, I wish that the 79th General Assembly will be auspicious for all humanity. I greet you all once again with love and respect. May peace be with you and may you remain in health.

Speaker 11 (02:16:30):

On behalf of the Assembly, I wish to thank the President of the Republic of Turkey. The Assembly will hear an address by His Majesty King Abdullah II bin Al-Hussein, King of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. I request protocol to escort his Majesty and invite him to address the Assembly

King Abdullah II bin Al-Hussein (02:17:43):

[foreign language 02:17:43]. Mr. President, Mr. Secretary General, your excellencies. Over the past quarter-century, I have stood at this podium amidst regional conflicts, global upheavals, and humanitarian crises that have profoundly tested our global community. It often feels that there was not a moment with our world was not in turmoil, and yet I cannot recall a time of greater peril than this. Our United Nations is facing a crisis that strikes at its very legitimacy and threatens a collapse of global trust and moral authority. The UN is under attack, literally and figuratively. For nearly a year, the sky blue flag flying over UN shelters and schools in Gaza has been powerless to protect innocent civilians from Israeli military bombardment. UN aid trucks sit motionless just miles away from starving Palestinians. Humanitarian workers, who proudly wear the emblem of this institution, are disparaged and targeted. And the rulings of the UN’s International Court of Justice are defied, its opinions disregarded. So it’s no surprise that both inside and outside this hall, trust in the UN’s cornerstone principles and ideals is crumbling.

(02:19:45)
The harsh reality many see is that some nations are above international law, that global justice does bend to the will of power, and that human rights are selective, a privilege to be granted or denied at will. We cannot stand for that and we must recognize that undermining our international institutions and global frameworks is one of the gravest threats to our global security today. Ask yourselves, if we are not nations united in the conviction that all people are equal in rights, dignity, and worth, and that all countries are equal in the eyes of the law, what kind of world does that leave us with?

(02:20:51)
Your excellencies, the attacks of October on Israeli civilians last year were condemned by countries all over the world, including Jordan, but the unprecedented scale of terror unleashed on Gaza since that day is beyond any justification. The Israeli government’s assault has resulted in one of the fastest death rates in recent conflicts, one of the fastest rates of starvation caused by war, the largest cohort of child amputees, and unprecedented levels of destruction. This Israeli government has killed more children, more journalists, more aid workers, and more medical personnel than any other war in recent memory. And let us not forget the attacks on the West Bank. There, since October 7th, the Israeli government has killed more than 700 Palestinians, among them 160 children. Palestinians held in Israeli detention centers exceed 10,700, including 400 women and 730 children. 730 children. Over 4,000 Palestinians have been forced from their homes and lands. Armed settlement violence has surged and entire villages have been displaced.

(02:22:37)
And in Jerusalem, a flagrant violations of the historical and legal status quo at Muslim and Christian holy sites continue unabated under the protection and encouragement of members of the Israeli government. To be clear, this is in the West Bank, not Gaza. Almost 42,000 Palestinians have been killed since October 7th. So is it any wonder that many are questioning how can this war not be perceived as deliberately targeting the Palestinians? The level of civilian suffering cannot be written off as unavoidable collateral. I grew up a soldier in a region that is all too familiar with conflict, but there is nothing familiar about this war and the violence unleashed since October 7th. In the absence of global accountability, repeated horrors are normalized, threatening to create a future where anything is permitted anywhere in the world. Is that what we want? Now is the time to ensure the protection of the Palestinian people. It is the moral duty of this international community to establish a protection mechanism for them across the occupied territories. This will guarantee the safety of Palestinians and Israelis from extremists who are taking our region to the brink of an all-out war. That includes those who continue to propagate the idea of Jordan as an alternative homeland. So let me be very, very clear. That will never happen. We will never accept the forced displacement of Palestinians, which is a war crime. No country in the region benefits from escalation. We have seen that clearly in the dangerous developments in Lebanon over the past few days. This has to stop. For years, the Arab world has extended a hand to Israel through the Arab Peace Initiative, offering full recognition and normalization in exchange for peace. But consecutive Israeli governments, emboldened by years of impunity, have rejected peace and chosen confrontation instead.

(02:25:56)
Impunity gathers force. Left unchecked, it gains momentum. Palestinians have borne more than 57 years of occupation and oppression. During this time, the Israeli government has been allowed to cross one red line after another. But now Israel’s decades-long impunity is becoming its own worst enemy, and the consequences are everywhere. The Israeli government has been accused of genocide at the ICJ. Expressions of outrage at its conduct are echoing around the world. Cities everywhere have seen mass protests, and calls for sanctions are growing louder. International frustration with Israel has long been mounting, but it has never been more exposed. For decades, Israel has projected itself as a thriving Western-style democracy in the Middle East, but the brutality of the war on Gaza has forced the world to look closer. Now many see Israel through the eyes of its victims. And the contradiction, the paradox, is too jarring. The modern advanced Israel admired from afar and the Israel that Palestinians have experienced firsthand simply cannot coexist. Israel will eventually be entirely one or the other. That is the choice its leaders and its people will have to make. To live by the democratic values of freedom, justice, and equality for all, or to risk further isolation and rejection. Over and over, we have watched Israel try to achieve security through military means. Each escalation is followed by a pause until the next, deadlier one. And for years the global community has taken the path of least resistance, accepting the status quo of the ongoing military occupation of Palestinians, all the while paying lip service to the two-state solution. But it has never been more evident that the current status quo is untenable.

(02:28:49)
And as the International Court of Justice’s advisory opinion underscored two months ago, it is unequivocally illegal. The court’s opinion bears a moral imperative to us all. The obligation it carries is one that our nations cannot afford to ignore for the sake of our world, as well as the future, for Palestinians and Israelis alike. Because both peoples deserve to live their lives in dignity, free of violence and fear. And the only way to achieve that is a just peace, one grounded in international law, justice, equal rights and mutual recognition, that is something we as nations and people everywhere can and must unite around.

(02:29:54)
Your excellencies, the world is watching and history will judge us by the courage we show. And it is not just the future that will hold us accountable. So will the people of the here and now. They will judge whether we as the United Nations will surrender to inaction or will fight to uphold the principles that anchor this institution and our world. Right now they are asking whether we will stand by as parents watch their children waste away, as doctors watch their patients die for lack of basic medical supplies, and as more innocent lives are lost because the world failed to act. This war must end. Hostages and detainees must return home. But every day we wait is one day too long for far too many.

(02:31:12)
So I call on all countries to join Jordan in enforcing an international Gaza humanitarian gateway, a massive relief effort to deliver food, clean water, medicine, and other vital supplies to those in desperate need, because humanitarian aid should never be a tool of war. Whatever our politics, one truth is undeniable. No people should have to endure such unprecedented suffering, abandoned and alone. We cannot surrender the future to those who thrive on division and conflict. I urge all nations of conscience to unite with Jordan in the critical weeks ahead on this mission. Almost a year into this war, our world has failed politically, but our humanity must not fail the people of Gaza any longer. Echoing the words of my father from 64 years ago at the 15th session of the General Assembly, I pray that this community of nations may have the courage to decide wisely and fearlessly, and will act with urgent resolve that this crisis and our conscience demand. My father was a man who fought for peace to the very end, and like him, I refuse to leave my children or your children a future we have given up on. Thank you.

Speaker 12 (02:33:29):

On behalf of the Assembly, I wish to thank the King of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. The Assembly will now hear an address by the President of my country, the Republic of Guatemala, His Excellency Mr. César Bernardo Arévalo de León. I request protocol to escort his Excellency and invite him to address the Assembly, and this is a very special honor for me.

César Bernardo Arévalo de León (02:34:25):

Your Excellency, [inaudible 02:34:27] Rodriguez, Vice President of the 79th Session of the General Assembly. His Excellency, António Guterres, Secretary General of the United Nations Organization, excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, heads of state and government, honorable delegates, ladies and gentlemen. The people of Guatemala greet the world. I greeted you in the language of the Kʼicheʼ people, one of the ancestral and most influential communities of Guatemala. Their power and that of the various peoples of Guatemala is what sustains our government. It is the strength of our country. It is the resounding voice of those that have not been heard, of those that have been marginalized, but who have a lot to say, a lot to contribute, who have a place to play in building our collective future.

(02:35:42)
I’m here as a result of two clear expressions of popular will. The first, a vote which unanimously rejected the representatives of the authoritarian past of Guatemala, and it granted me the honor of the presidency to lead the national effort to move towards a future of justice, equality, and progress. The second was the defense that the society of Guatemala, by various means of expression, reaffirmed and defended on the streets with regard to the decision that they took at the polls when a corrupt minority attempted to impose their further rule and cheat democracy. Our democracy will not be complete, it could not exist, without the impetus which is so decisive and courageous of the Mayan people of Guatemala, of people of mixed descent, of the Garinagu people of the Caribbean, and of the Xinca people. It is a democracy that comes from the four corners of the country, from these four peoples. Together, we form a nation. And the role of our government is to give a sense of unity to this diversity and to move forwards towards a prosperous and inclusive future.

(02:37:05)
I would like to express particular thanks on the part of Guatemala to the countries, peoples, and governments that worked together with us, together with the people of Guatemala, during this historic gesture in 2023, and for the support that they continue to give us in our efforts to rescue our democratic institutions. And we are doing this through dialogue, a dialogue which is part of a great national consensus, something which all Guatemalans share over and above our ideological differences, our cultural diversity, our various ways of seeing the world. And I’m sure that in this forum, everyone can identify with this consensus. Namely, we cannot continue to tolerate corruption. Corruption when the few abuse what belongs to everyone to benefit themselves, is like an anchor that chains us to the past and it prevents us from growing, from prospering, and building a society which is based on the common good.

(02:38:16)
In the case of Guatemala, corruption’s roots are buried in our authoritarian past of repression, of political violence, of social exclusion, but we are breaking free from this. We are freeing ourselves from the chains of the dark past, and what we are seeing reborn is a young, creative, vital, joyous, but anxious nation. Young people who will not be silent in the light of injustices and in the light of corruption. A diverse community that is building the future, a future where everyone has a seat at the table, where opportunities multiply, where cooperation and solidarity optimize talent, creativity, and individual efforts, where parents are able to sleep peacefully knowing that health and educational opportunities for their children will be guaranteed, where work will be fairly remunerated, and where prosperity will not require immoral acts, acts of corruption. Where the earth, our earth, will be treated with gratitude and respect. And it will give us in exchange clean spaces for us to work, to live, to recreate ourselves, to grow.

(02:39:39)
This is the future that we are building for Guatemala, and this future is not emerging in a vacuum. For us, we see it as coming from within, from our principles, from our own values, from our own cosmovision. Our government is made up of the diverse peoples of Guatemala, and these are the values and the vision of these four peoples. They are the instruments that we are using to navigate this ocean of transformation. In the same way, this very important forum and so necessary for global coexistence and for the progress of all nations must look inwards and return to its fundamental values and use them to navigate the complex reality that we are facing today as a planet. The time has come to rescue multilateralism, to revitalize dialogue for peace, and to take concrete actions in order to resolve the most urgent problems afflicting us.

(02:40:45)
Let us begin at the beginning. War, this horror that motivated the opening of this global forum, has commanded once again our attention. It is becoming a permanent reality, but in the last two years has become desperate, an intensity that we did not expect. We cannot tolerate it. We cannot tolerate war. We cannot ignore international conflicts that affect the peace and security of us all. We must not abandon hope of a world without war, of a future of peace. Guatemala would like to reiterate its solidarity with countries that are suffering from armed conflicts and unjustified wars. We would call upon the members of this assembly to redouble regional and international efforts so that we find peaceful solutions to our disputes based on respect for international law and international humanitarian law and the fundamental principle of human dignity. We cannot accept any violation of the United Nations Charter or of the Security Council resolutions by any member state of this organization. Not in Ukraine, not in Gaza, not in Sudan, and not in any other part of the world.

(02:42:17)
Ladies and gentlemen, rescuing multilateralism as a fundamental principle for the international system is an urgent necessity. And for each and every one of the nations that make up this forum, it’s an unavoidable commitment if we really and sincerely want a future of peace and progress. Only with substantial reforms can we resume the path that we set out on when this organization was founded in 1945. A multipolar world needs new focuses which will be adapted to emerging needs of nations. We support the reform of the Security Council. Once again, it should resume a collective approach that is pacifist and democratic in the way it acts. It’s not acceptable that decisions are not adopted in favor of peace because of the right exercised by the few. I’m referring to the right of veto. And with that, avoiding decisions being taken that are hard-hitting against those states which repeatedly violate the of this organization.

(02:43:28)
Let us recall to the members of the Security Council that it is their primary responsibility to maintain international peace and international security, and that in the performance of its functions, it must proceed according to the purposes and principles of the United Nations. Madam Vice President, Guatemala contributes as part of our commitment to peace with 213 officials, military observers, and military staff in seven of the United Nations peacekeeping missions. And this is a contribution which fills us with pride. Our professionalism and experience in this area have led us to be recognized internationally as one of the main countries to make the greatest contribution to peace in Latin America and the Caribbean. And I would like to share with this General Assembly that we are in the process of finalizing administrative steps to ensure our participation deployment as a military police contingent in the Multinational Security Support Mission in Haiti, pursuant to Resolution 2699 of 2023 of the United Nations Security Council. Guatemala expresses its readiness to support all efforts aimed

Bernado Arevalo (02:45:00):

… that re-establishing security and stability in Haiti the first contemporary independent nation of this hemisphere and with which we are unified. Together with all countries of the America, we share historic links of responsibility.

(02:45:18)
We have known for a long time that an attack against human dignity in any part of the world is an attack against all of humanity, and that’s why peace is such a global imperative. We can all make a contribution. We all must do our part. This is the idea that is at the heart and the existence of this organization. In the same way, this organization has the obligation to maintain and increase its cooperation to ensure the protection of migrants, displaced persons, people who, for political, social, or economic or environmental reasons, have taken their lives to other countries. Our government has committed to transforming the relationship between the state of Guatemala and Guatemalan citizens residing outside the country because they continue to be an integral part of our nation and their work is a fundamental part of our economy. We are doing this through a strategy that makes it possible for them to have effective participation in our national development, converting them into project partners in order to improve the living conditions for the families that have decided to remain in Guatemala.

(02:46:44)
In the future that we are building, migration is a right, an option. It’s not a sentence arising from the lack of opportunities or from violence or from hunger. Over the last decade, Guatemala has moved from being a country of origin for migrants, and increasingly one of transit and return. And also, to a lesser extent, a place of destination. Our commitment is to give dignified treatment to all people that arrive on our shores consistent with the treatment that we demand for Guatemalans abroad. Our state is making substantial changes in the way that we protect and care for migrant persons. We have identified areas that need improvement and where we can offer greater opportunities in order to strengthen our management of migration flows to ensure that it is orderly, regular, and safe.

(02:47:50)
It’s my personal conviction, that of my government, and of the broad majority of Guatemalans, that all migrants deserve to have the opportunity of a dignified life and to ensure that their fundamental rights are respected irrespective of the causes that led them to migrate. For this reason, we firmly believe in the work that is being done through the United Nations system. Guatemala promotes the achievement of the 23 goals established in the Global Compact for Migration for safe, orderly and regular migration, promoting international cooperation in the area of migration. With that same conviction, we welcomed 135 Nicaraguan brothers who were released from arbitrary detention by their government. Our commitment is that Guatemala will always be a space for dignity and freedom for those who come to our country, particularly for Central Americans who are, in accordance with our constitution, our history, and are generally felt to be our people, fellow citizens, and brothers and sisters.

(02:49:11)
Guatemala reaffirms its commitment to the fundamental principles of democracy such as those that are in the Inter-American Democratic Charter, which is a basic fundamental principle of the political organization of our peoples. We reject in our hemisphere and throughout the world any attempt to suppress the aspirations for freedom and justice that are expressed by the peoples of the world through free and democratic processes. As we are seeing currently in Venezuela and Nicaragua, the principles of democracy are fundamental in order to preserve freedom, dignity, and inclusive and equitable prosperity for humanity.

(02:50:04)
Madam Vice President, before this General Assembly I would like to reaffirm the commitment of Guatemala to permanently and in a lasting manner resolve before the International Court of Justice, the insular and maritime and territorial dispute with the brotherly country, neighborly country of Belize. By opting for dialogue and the international legal mechanisms, we have demonstrated that peaceful means and respect for multilateral institutions are the most effective way to resolve disputes between countries. We are confident that this process will make it possible to bring about a just and lasting solution that respects the rights and dignity of both countries. This act is an act of our faith in international law and our commitment to lasting peace, not only for Guatemala and Belize, but also as an example for the region and for the world.

(02:51:18)
Madam Vice President, the urgency of the challenge that we are facing suggests that we take concrete action and not just limit ourselves to rhetoric. It has been said very often that the time has now come to move from words to action. Conflicts and migration in Central America are fueled by what we consider to be the most pressing global challenge, namely the climate crisis. It is endangering our systems, our economy, our food chain, our survival itself. We are at a critical juncture for saving the current and future generations. Climate change is a devastating reality that is affecting humanity, which affects us today but which will have disastrous consequences for the future.

(02:52:21)
Guatemala, despite being a hugely diverse country, is extremely vulnerable to extreme climate events that cause natural disasters, flooding, landslides, fires, and an increase in temperatures that we have all been witness to this year. Our contribution to greenhouse gas emissions is minimal. Nevertheless, we, like few other countries, are suffering the onslaught of these extreme climate events. We are adapting ourselves to this reality and reducing the vulnerability of our country.

(02:53:07)
In 2025, we will be presenting an update of our nationally determined contribution in fulfillment of the commitments established in the Paris Agreement. But we must recall here in this forum that the responsibility to address this crisis is a shared one. We have to act to resolve it, those that are suffering the onslaught of this crisis, but also those that have caused it. We issue an urgent call to the major powers to assume the leadership role that is theirs, as well as we appeal to the moral and financial responsibility with the countries that have suffered the worst effects. The time to act is now and it’s essential that the next COP, COP29 to be held in Azerbaijan, be a success. The commitment of Guatemala to achieve this goal is total.

(02:54:15)
Dear friends, Vice President, Guatemala is changing and this change implies a transformation of our relationship with the world. We are doing what we can to contribute to the goals of this organization, and this contribution is born of a commitment to the norms and values of global peace and security. But also it comes from a democratic mandate that we have been given. Our people have the conviction that democracy is a necessary condition for progress and for well-being.

(02:54:53)
Guatemala has an authoritarian past and that’s a very recent past. A tragic past that many of you will be aware of. Nevertheless, expressing our vocation for the freedom of our people and with significant assistance from the international community, we have taken a turn towards promoting and defending human rights, earnestly confronting our historic problems and debts and assuming courageously the responsibility to resolve the current problems that we have. The recent visit of the High Commissioner, Volker Turk, and the immediate renewal of the presence of his office in Guatemala are a testimony of this commitment.

(02:55:42)
Guatemala has renewed its commitment to achieving the sustainable development goals with the recent adoption of the Pact for the Future as part of the Summit of the Future. We are convinced that economic growth alone does not produce development. Cooperation, protection of the environment, social inclusion, respect for and the promotion of human dignity and security are indispensable preconditions for development.

(02:56:16)
Guatemala is changing. And we are moving towards a future that is more equitable, where development and progress will reach every corner of the country, particularly the most abandoned sectors of the population where everyone, irrespective of their origin, will have the possibility to build a dignified and full life. This is a natural aspiration of all peoples. We will do our part to bring this about in Guatemala and we will work together to bring this about where it is needed. But we’re doing this because we know that the world is changing. This change depends on our efforts as United Nations in this forum. It is unavoidable and it is just beginning. It is for the well-being of our peoples and our nations. This is the vision that was at the heart of the foundation of this organization 79 years ago. This is the vision that should guide our efforts today as humanity.

(02:57:24)
And I conclude, quoting the sacred book of the Mayan People, the Popol Vuh, as follows, “Let everyone stand up and advance. Let no one be left behind.” Thank you very much.

Speaker 13 (02:57:55):

On behalf of the Assembly, I wish to thank His Excellency, President of the Republic of Guatemala. The Assembly will hear an address by Her Excellency, Viola Amherd, President of the Swiss Confederation. I request protocol to escort Her Excellency and invite her to address the Assembly.

Viola Amherd (02:58:32):

Madam Vice President, Deputy Secretary-General, Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, on the morning of 3rd March 2002, I placed a ballot paper in the ballot box on which I had written a decisive yes. From early morning, figures and projections had already been displayed on TV screens and yet it wasn’t until the evening that the verdict was rendered. After a long and difficult struggle and a controversial election campaign, Switzerland was going to join the United Nations. In fact, ultimately, it was just a few hundred votes in the Valais canton, my region of origin, that were the decisive ones. The Swiss people thus expressed the resolve of our country to shoulder its responsibilities and to participate in international politics in a spirit of solidarity. That was more than two decades ago.

(02:59:36)
Today, I’m speaking to you just a few days away from the Swiss presidency of the Security Council. The world has changed but not our principles. Like numerous other countries, Switzerland is increasingly concerned by worsening tensions throughout the world and the emergence of new conflicts. Unfortunately, we increasingly see gross violations of human rights and a complete disdain for internationally recognized borders. Might risks trumping the rule of law, and the use of force has considerably increased. It is only by standing together that we can confront this trend that the great writer Charles Ferdinand Ramos described so well a century ago. I quote, ” Misfortune never comes alone. They get married and have children.”

(03:00:40)
Great challenges face us. Wars, disasters, harm that we inflict upon our own planet, and risks and opportunities as well linked to technological progress. The UN, as the only universal organization, is absolutely central in tackling these issues. Taking the decision to work together better irrespective of political regimes, economic structures and cultural differences is already a good start. The world should not divide itself up into blocks. That means that we should be ready to negotiate with all major regions of the world based on the principles that are in the interest of all, respected by all. International law must always be the basis of this.

(03:01:37)
Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, the quest for peace prevails over all else and Switzerland is committed to this. Standing in solidarity, faithful to its tradition of good offices, because giving up and inaction should never be an option. Switzerland, this summer, brought together about a hundred countries and international organizations during the high-level conference for peace in Ukraine. Our aim was to give an initial push for a comprehensive, fair and lasting peace in Ukraine based on international law and the UN Charter. We would like to reiterate our invitation to the international community to spare no effort to support concrete measures and the joint communique.

(03:02:33)
International law is the foundation underpinning our shared efforts for peace, security, and prosperity in the world. The Geneva Convention, whose 75th anniversary we are commemorating this year, govern the legal bases for war and thus the protection of civilians. Nonetheless, recent figures from the UN paint a bleak picture of the international community. Not only are people and civilian infrastructure insufficiently protected, but they are coming under repeated attack. We can see violations of international humanitarian law in Myanmar, in Ukraine, in the Middle East, and in Sudan. My country was firmly committed to ensure that the Security Council adopt ceasefire resolutions in Gaza and in Sudan, in particular. There is an urgent need for these resolutions to be implemented and upheld.

(03:03:42)
By the same token, we strongly call for an immediate return for complete cessation of hostilities on both sides of the blue line. The heavy price paid by civilians in these crises and in these conflicts currently makes Switzerland even more resolved to continue to view international humanitarian law as a top priority. Respecting it is at the heart of our commitment within the Security Council. The protection of civilians is not a given and it is no way guaranteed. We should grant it more importance in situations of conflict. The best way of protecting civilians is and will always be peace.

(03:04:35)
Along these lines, my country is investing in promoting civilian and military peace. Whilst some peacekeeping missions have not always achieved the aims set out day after day, they nonetheless contribute to keeping people safe. And to stability and to peace… we need to overcome disagreements when we are deciding upon new missions. Peace is too precious to become a playground where individual interests play out.

(03:05:14)
Standing alongside numerous international partners, Switzerland is making its contribution to promoting peace and strengthening its commitment where possible. Over and beyond matters pertaining to peace and conflict, numerous other challenges are of concern. We urgently need to address these. For several years now, it has become increasingly clear that civilians must be protected not only during armed conflicts but also during natural disasters. Climate change and biodiversity loss have an existential impact on a growing number of people. It is crucial that we also maintain our commitment in these areas and that we bolster them and take brave, courageous measures for the future.

(03:06:14)
Numerous international agreements on the environment or on climate change have not been implemented, or have been done so insufficiently. This has led to a massive destruction of our environment. I’m also concerned by the uptick in disinformation. This undermines freedom of opinion based on facts. Private and state actors are spreading false information in their own countries and in other countries in order to deepen polarization, sow discord and destabilize states. Switzerland is firmly committed to freedom of expression and to freedom of the media. Disinformation is a poison. We want to address this by better distinguishing between what comes under the rubric of freedom of expression and what is the manipulation of fact. By debunking illegitimate influence, by fostering open and fair debate, and by informing people transparently and objectively, both as governments and as international organizations, we can achieve this.

(03:07:34)
Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, Switzerland is firmly committed to strong and effective multilateralism. I’m aware of the need for combined commitment from all states in order to find solutions together. My country stands out for its regular democratic debates at all levels of our country, within the municipalities, our regions, and at the confederation level. There is an urgent need to restore such a constructive and peaceful debate between states in order to tackle existential challenges.

(03:08:13)
The day before yesterday, together, we adopted the Pact for the Future. The Pact is a strong commitment to multilateralism. One of the key dimensions of this is the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This is our road map which we need to implement together as quickly as possible. The idea must be born of the vision, like the spark from the stone. Rumi also said this, and this quote still is relevant today.

(03:08:49)
Let us be courageous and let us remain confident. We need a framework in which we can work together in partnership to find solutions. It is the United Nations which provides us with precisely this framework. It is up to us to make this institution stronger. Thank you very much.

Speaker 13 (03:09:22):

On behalf of the Assembly, I wish to thank the president of the Swiss Confederation. The Assembly will hear an address by His Excellency Gustavo Pedro Urrego, President of the Republic of Colombia. I request protocol to escort his Excellency and invite him to address the Assembly.

Gustavo Pedro Urrego (03:10:00):

My daughter, Antonella Penetro, has just sent me a paragraph and she wanted me to begin my speech with that paragraph. So with your indulgence I will read it. It is a paragraph written by a child of 15/16 years old and it reads as follows.

(03:10:18)
“Today, I am proud to appear before you as the president of the heart of the earth. That is how our indigenous people on the Sierra Nevada defined my beautiful country. Geographically speaking, what they said is logical, and it’s logical that we call ourselves the heart of the world. However, if we are the heart, we have to set an example of unity, total peace and conservation of nature. If a heart works and beats, that’s a great step forward. However, all other parts of the human body are important. If one fails, the rest will follow. As such, from the heart of the earth, we now invite all countries to have their conscience piqued to stand up and leave aside the greed that is killing human beings and Mother Earth. We invite you all to take a step towards total peace.”

(03:11:25)
My daughter is in those paragraphs. Those are her orders. Please take heed.

(03:11:32)
Ladies and gentlemen, presidents of the world, in this very house, the ability of a president to communicate depends on how many dollars he has in his budget. It depends on how many warplanes he has. And ultimately, it depends on the clout that his country has and its ability to destroy humankind. The power of a country in the world is no longer exercised by the type of economic or political system it has or its ideology. But power is wielded according to how much capacity one has to destroy human [inaudible 03:12:15]. There is this power of destruction. But who is important to those who really have the power to sustain life?

(03:12:24)
We speak but we’re often not listened to. And sometimes perhaps the only people listening to those of us that want to sustain life are our own people. That’s why we are not listened to when we speak out for the genocide in Gaza to be detained. Even though we do speak for the majority of the world, and we represent vast swathes of humankind. However, nevertheless, we’re not listened to, a small minority of presidents that are able to stop the bloodshed. But they’re not listened to. And we are not listened to by the presidents that can destroy humankind.

(03:13:07)
We ask them to swap debt for climate change spending, but we are not listened to. If we ask for water stock so that we can concentrate on the expeditious transformation of the global economy so that we can save the very human species, we are not listened to either then. The power to destroy life is the power that allows voices to reverberate throughout the United Nations house, and it’s that destructive power that gives convening power to representatives. The voice of nations is not heard. When we ask humankind to unite, to preserve existence, we speak here but we’re not listened to. However, perhaps we’re not really speaking any longer to be listened to.

(03:13:56)
We need to speak so that the peoples of the world are listening. That’s now what we are interested in. In the last year, 11 million hectares on the Amazon jungle have been burned in only actually one month as a result of global warming and climate change. Scientists said that if we were to burn the Amazon rainforest, we would reach a point of no return, in climate terms, where human decisions to halt the collapse of the climate would now have no effect whatsoever. Well, the Amazon rainforest is burning, bells are already tolling for the whole planet. Bells are tolling for you, for us, for humankind and life. That was said by Ernest Hemingway, “The bell tolls for thee.” Bells are not only tolling for you, but for all of life. The end has begun.

(03:14:56)
A year ago I called for a conference for peace on Palestine at this very rostrum, but the first bomb yet had not been dropped. Now, 20,000 boys and girls have been killed under the bombs and the presidents of the countries of human destruction are laughing in these very corridors. With the help of mass media that today are the owners of major capital they are reordering a world. And they’re creating a world without democracy and without freedom. The democratic project of humankind is dying along with life while at the same time racists, supremacists, those who stupidly believe that the Aryan race is the superior race, are getting ready to dominate the world, brandishing the threat of bombs and terror over human beings. The control of humankind on the very foundations of barbarism is being built and that is being played out in Gaza, Lebanon. When Gaza dies, humanity will die. The whole of humanity. The people of God was not the people of Israel, it would seem. It is not the people of the USA. Rather the people of God is humankind as one.

(03:16:22)
The children of Gaza, they were humankind, the chosen people of God. They are killing God’s chosen people, the children of our very humankind. There is one reason for this contemporary armageddon. In the senselessness of governments that applaud genocides, governments that don’t act to change economies and decarbonize them, there is a logic behind all of this. It’s not politics, or this atrium where all presidents speak. That logic, that rationale, lies outside. And it’s called social inequality. Oxfam says that the richest 1% of humankind has more wealth than 95% of all humankind combined. It is in that level of inequality where the best of our history lies. That is where the logic of mass destruction lies. Destruction that’s been unleashed by climate change. The logic of bombs. Netanyahu as a criminal is letting those bombs raise down on Gaza. Netanyahu is a hero for the richest 1% of humankind because he’s able to demonstrate that people can destroy themselves with bombs. If wealth is measured in CO₂ issued and not in dollars, we have the answer.

Speaker 14 (03:18:01):

The richest 1% of humankind is responsible for the climate change, which is gaining ground and is getting ready to destroy the world with oil and carbon because that is how the world grows rich. The politicians, including the presidents of the most powerful countries of Earth, quite simply obey them. They pay their campaigns. They are the owners of the means of communication, the global media. They are those who can conceal the truth of science. Like we see in the film, Don’t Look Up, they are the people who decide what is thought, what is said, what should be forbidden, and what should be silenced. In their power to prohibit and to ban, they scream, “Long live liberty,” but what they’re talking about is nothing more than the freedom of the global 1%. They are obsessed with the free market and that obsession brings us to the destruction of life and our atmosphere.

(03:19:10)
The free market wasn’t freedom as they claimed it would be. Rather what it meant was the maximization of death. The richest 1% of humankind is the powerful global oligarchy. They are the people who allow us to drop bombs on women, elderly people and the children of Gaza, Lebanon or Sudan. They impose economic blockades on rebel countries, countries that don’t yield to their domination, Cuba, Venezuela. Because they need to demonstrate their destructive capacity to the remaining 99% of humankind so that they let them continue to wield power, continue to grow their wealth and continue to tighten their control. This oligarchy is bringing humankind to the very brink of its own destruction. Politics just nods its head at them. They ignore the fact that people need freedom. People have power. They ignore the idea of democracy. The question we need to ask from this rostrum is, will the people allow this to continue? There is no more time to waste. Governments are incapable of halting the extinction of human life, life indeed. Today we need to choose between life or greed, between humankind or capital.

(03:20:43)
All I can say to the people of the world as a representative of a country without weapons of mass destruction, without dollars, but a country that is beautiful in its biodiversity and cultural wealth, a country that’s the country of butterflies of all colors, all I can say to you that now is not the moment for governments, it’s the time of our people. Time has run out. Let us fly the flag of life or our people will fill up mass graves. This was revealed to us by the epidemic. The time has come for people to act, local action needs to be taken globally. We need to come together. Fossil fuel capital cannot continue. People must stop the rising tide of capital. The poison thrown into the atmosphere is lethal and the chimneys that belch it out must be plugged. Every corner of the world can be a battle against those chimneys.

(03:21:49)
A century ago we raised a red flag that was held by the hands of the Workers of the World. They talked about a revolution against capital. This world has ended. It is no more. It was lost in the largeness, the enormity of states. The red flag could no longer find a place in the history of humankind. However, today we no longer need to defend a class, a system of ideas, but we need to defend life as a whole and with that goal in mind, we need to lift up another flag. Maybe not a red flag, but a flag of all colors. A flag of the colors, of all of humankind. That’s why that flag needs to be lifted once more so that our existence on Mother Earth can be protected. There’s the world’s word rather, socialism, today it has a new meaning.

(03:22:46)
The brains that are really behind our work are today more connected now than ever before. Human knowledge is more collective than ever before. Let us always revive that magic, that thinking that has allowed us to survive. Individuals are weak alone and they’ll end up being taken over by fentanyl and defeat if they act individually. People are strong if they help each other. And this mutual assistance can mean that we can go global. Mutual assistance, collectively building knowledge, humankind as a new political subject, all of that is the basis by which we give new meaning to the word socialism. We are more advanced than we’ve ever been. We are at the forefront of intelligent life. Intelligent life must defend itself and defend other lives from a global oligarchy who wields its weapons to destroy that life. New wealth needs to be built, wealth no longer based on oil, but rather on the intensity of free creative work that itself will produce and will allow us make progress even with AI.

(03:24:12)
But that AI does need to be controlled at a global level with public power. Productivity allows us to have creative free time. It allows human brains to come together. And coming together, human brains can achieve more. That network of humanity’s neurons is what will allow us to vanquish with our flag held high. That is the flag of life. Now, I’m not really talking to Biden, Macron, Schulz, Xi Jinping or Putin. But from China I have the idea of a dialogue between civilizations. From Europe I’ve taken the idea of its social complex. From the United States I’ve taken its love of its original democracy, the democracy of its Founding Fathers. From South America I’ve taken its diversity, its jockey on a horse, its Simon Bolivar. From Africa I’ve taken their drums, the drums that summon us to communicate with the spirits of nature, Jesus. From Jesus I’ve taken the idea of universal love, light, light giving life.

(03:25:28)
I’ve taken all of these civilizational forces that lie within all the peoples of the world. We need to bring them together and draw from them the strength that we need to wage the greatest battle in humankind’s history. That battle is, and about this there can be no doubt, a global revolution. We need to build the largest army ever seen, with spaces for warriors for life, men and women. This global army for life will not have weapons from the global oligarchy. It will not have nuclear weapons. It will not compete for weapons. Neither will it have the full coffers and vaults of banks. Neither will it have the power to destroy children in the genocides waged by oligarchies. But it will have the greatest power of us all. That is the power of a humankind that is united and will not allow its very existence to be torn from it. There is only one. There have been millions and millions of light years and there’s only one point we can see in the black universe, that is Earth. There is human life, intelligent life, humankind. We can’t let that one light in the universe go out. Without life, all we’ll have is inert darkness. And that inert darkness is what fills the hearts and soul of the global oligarchy and its idols. It is now up to humankind to wage a battle. The time has come for the people. If the governments were not able, as has been made patently clear here, to work and they decided to drop bombs, wage senseless wars, kill boys and girls, play games of power. Well, if that’s what they chose to do, now what we need to do is solve humankind’s problem by putting them in the very hands of the people themselves, the simple noble people of humankind.

(03:27:34)
Instead of speaking to governing officials that heed nothing that we say, let us speak to ourselves as people. Let us address people so that together we can work to demonstrate that there is another democratic power. That there is the power that humankind has and that power can spark a new conscience to self-produce new governments and new leaders. If life manages to triumph over its very extinction. It won’t be the global oligarchy that’s governing the world, that oligarchy will be defeated to allow for the building of a global democracy. A new story is about to begin. Thank you for your kind attention.

Speaker 15 (03:28:21):

[foreign language 03:28:24].

Speaker 14 (03:28:23):

I thank on behalf of the General Assembly, the President of the Republic of Colombia. The Assembly will now hear an address by His Highness Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, Emir of the State of Qatar. I request protocol to escort His Highness and I invite him to address the Assembly.

Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani (03:29:00):

[foreign language 03:29:17].

Speaker 16 (03:29:17):

In the name of God the Merciful, the Compassionate. Excellencies, may the peace, mercy, and blessings of God be upon you. At the outset, I would like to congratulate His Excellency Mr Philemon Yang on assuming the presidency of the 79th session of the General Assembly. Wishing him every success in his tasks. I express appreciation to his Excellency Mr. Dennis Francis for his efforts during his presidency of the previous session. And we commend the prominent role played by his Excellency Mr. António Guterres, Secretary General of the United Nations, in strengthening its role and achieving its lofty goals. Mr. President, the blatant aggression that befalls the Palestinian people in the Gaza Strip today is the most barbaric, heinous and extensive aggression violating human values, international conventions and norms. This is not a war within the international relations well-known and common concept of war, but rather it is a crime of genocide by means of the most sophisticated weapons against the people sieged in a detention camp where there is no escape from the barrage of aerial bombing.

(03:30:35)
Resolutions, condemnations and reports have been exhausted. Nothing is left except the undeterred, ongoing and premeditated stark crime with children, women, and the elderly as their victims. We oppose violence and the targeting of innocent civilians by any party. But after a year of this war and with all that has taken place and that continues to take place, it is no longer tenable to talk about Israel’s right to defend itself in this context without being complicit in justifying the crime. It is no longer plausible for any official to claim that they do not know. The facts are well-known and reports issued by international organizations about the bombing of schools and hospitals, weaponizing access to food and medicine, in addition to the published and publicly uttered intentions of Israeli leaders. Therefore, the failure to intervene to stop the aggression is a major scandal.

(03:31:47)
Ladies and gentlemen, every year I stand on this podium and I begin by talking about the Palestinian cause, the absence of justice, the perils of believing that it can be neglected, and the illusions of making peace without a just solution to the Palestinian cause. I have done so every year at a time when the Palestinian cause has become absent from the speeches of major powers representatives in our world. There are those who are tempted by the possibility of marginalizing this issue to get rid of its burden or seeing it vanished without resolving it. But the Palestinian cause is resistant to marginalization because it is an issue of indigenous people on their own land. A people who are subjected to a settler-colonial occupation. This occupation has taken the form of an apartheid system in the 21st century.

(03:32:52)
Can this be overlooked? The Palestinian cause will remain in place except in two cases, either the end of the occupation or the disappearance of the Palestinian people. It seems there are those in Israel who entertain wishful thinking to eliminate the Palestinian people. The ongoing Israeli aggression for nearly a year is nothing but a result of the absence of a sincere political will. A deliberate international failure to resolve the Palestinian issue with a just solution and insistence of the occupying Israeli authorities to impose a fait accompli on the Palestinians and the world with all types of force.

(03:33:39)
The ongoing brutal war has fired the coup de grâce at international legitimacy and inflicted serious damage on the credibility of the post-World War II concepts on which the international community was founded. As if the dire consequences of this approach, which are visible before our very eyes, are not enough to prove that ignoring a just solution is conducive to disaster. We discover to our disbelief that some are still trying to find innovative measures to run Gaza after the war, with or without an authority. Only on the basis of security considerations. And what is meant of course is the security of the occupation, not the security of those languishing under the occupation. It is the same mindset that led from one disaster to another. It is the approach that wants to tailor the entire region to fit Israel while looking for circumventions to avoid ending the occupation and work on imposing the rule of one people over another by force.

(03:34:52)
Is it reasonable that even after this disaster, the major countries with the ability to influence the course of events are unable to reach a conclusion of the necessity to stop the war and pivot towards a just solution immediately instead of inevitably working on formulations to evade it? The end of the occupation and the Palestinian people exercising their right to self-determination is neither a favor nor a gift from anyone. Unfortunately, the Security Council has failed to implement its ceasefire resolution in the Gaza Strip and to refrain from granting the State of Palestine full membership status in the United Nations, despite the fact that the General Assembly adopted resolution last May supporting Palestine’s request for UN membership. The State of Palestine’s full UN membership neither establishes its sovereignty nor ends the occupation. But at least it sends a message to the far-right government involved in challenging international legitimacy, that force does not eliminate rights.

(03:36:11)
Talking about such a step harming the peace process is simply eye wash because there is no Israeli partner for peace during the current government’s tenure. No peace process is taking place, but rather there’s a genocide. In this regard, we highly value the position of countries that recognize the State of Palestine based on 1967 borders. The continuation of the humanitarian tragedy of the brotherly Palestinian people for more than seven and a half decades, this is a shameful stain on the conscience of the international community and its institutions. There is no point in talking about security, peace and stability in the Middle East region and across the world, if not backed by concrete steps leading to an immediate ceasefire and an end to the Israeli occupation of all Arab territories.

(03:37:12)
Ladies and gentlemen, it is no secret that we are facing a humanitarian catastrophe in Gaza and other Palestinian territories, which are subjected to coordinated attacks by the occupation army and settlers in an attempt to enforce plans to expand settlements, annex the West Bank and Judaize Jerusalem. The international community bears the responsibility for the consequences of what is happening to the brotherly Palestinian people. The Palestinian people are subjected to unfolding genocidal war that has resulted so far in the death of more than 41,000 martyrs, let alone the missing under the rubble, including 17,000 children, 11,000 women, 100,000 wounded and thousands of disabled and millions of people forcibly displaced several times. In addition to the complete destruction of the infrastructure of hospitals, schools and buildings, including mosques and churches.

(03:38:19)
A whole society is being destroyed in the course of the genocide against segments of the Palestinian people. It is the Gaza and Palestinian community that has retained its composure and achieved remarkable development levels amid more than 17-year-old stifling siege. Mr. President, the State of Qatar has opted for undertaking mediation efforts in an endeavor to stop the aggression on Gaza and secure the release of prisoners and detainees. It is a mediation amidst fierce war and complex circumstances during which one party would not hesitate to assassinate counterpart political leaders with whom it negotiates. Such as the assassination of Ismail Haniyeh, who many people feign forgetfulness that he was not only the political leader of Hamas, but also the first elected Palestinian prime minister. For us, mediation and humanitarian work are both a strategic political choice at the regional and international levels, and a humanitarian duty before being a political one. We’re not being boastful. Our mediation efforts in partnership with the Arab Republic of Egypt and the United States of America culminated in a humanitarian agreement last November.

(03:39:50)
It resulted in a brief ceasefire in the Gaza Strip, the release of 240 Palestinian prisoners and 109 of the detainees in Gaza. It increased the flow of relief shipments. We also provided humanitarian support to the civilian population in the Gaza Strip and contributed to evacuating the wounded and the sick. We supported humanitarian initiatives to deliver aid through all accessible routes. We increased our support to UNRWA, an irreplaceable international agency whose services are indispensable. And which has been subjected to defamation for political purposes related to the Israeli government’s desire to eliminate the refugee crisis without resolving the Palestinian cause. The State of Qatar will spare no effort to provide various forms of humanitarian assistance to the brotherly Palestinian people until this crisis is resolved. Despite the daunting challenges, obstruction attempts, and the aspersions we are subjected to, we will continue our efforts of mediation to resolve the disputes through peaceful means.

(03:41:08)
As we are cognizant that any dispute will never lack a force interested in its continuation while being skeptical of any mediation regardless of the intentions. We will continue to make every effort with our partners until we reach a permanent ceasefire, secure the release of prisoners and detainees, take the path of a just solution in accordance with the resolutions of the international legitimacy and the Arab Peace Initiative to enable the Palestinian people to obtain all their legitimate rights for most of which their independent state with East Jerusalem as its capital on the 1967 borders. The establishment of an independent Palestinian state within a just and permanent solution is in the interest of the Israeli and Palestinian peoples. We will not achieve this goal except with a serious partner who is aware of the importance of renouncing discord and ending the occupation and all forms of aggression so that we can reach together the desired peace in the Middle East.

(03:42:16)
Mr. President, apart from committing a major crime by rigging wireless communication devices and exploding them simultaneously across thousands of people with total disregard for their identity or location, Israel is currently waging a war on Lebanon and no one knows to what extent this war could escalate. This is what we have repeatedly warned against. If the brutal war on Gaza does not end, this systematic destructive war must stop. And this is the choice before Israel, as its leaders know very well. They know that it’ll neither bring security nor peace to Northern Israel, nor to Lebanon, and that the key to security rests on a just peace. Stop the aggression on Gaza. Stop the war on Lebanon.

(03:43:14)
In brotherly Yemen, we look forward to preserving the 2022 truth and proceeding there from towards a comprehensive ceasefire resolving the crisis, ensuring Yemen’s unity and achieving the aspirations of its brotherly people through negotiations between the Yemeni parties based on the outcomes of the National Dialogue, the Gulf Initiative and relevant Security Council resolutions. As regards to the crisis in Syria. And since the beginning of the crisis, the position of the State of Qatar has been clear. And that is that Qatar is keen on the interest of brotherly Syrian people hoping that the parties and countries involved in the crisis will be convinced of the necessity for dialogue and understanding to end this crisis in accordance with the Geneva Declaration One and Security Council Resolution 2254 in a way that will achieve the aspirations of the Syrian people and preserve Syria’s unity, sovereignty, and independence.

(03:44:17)
Regarding the Sudanese issue, we call on all the Sudanese parties to stop the fighting and we reaffirm our support for all regional and international efforts to end this crisis in a way that will ensure the unity of state institutions and the sovereignty and stability of Sudan. In Libya, we support the political trajectory and the implementation of security council resolutions and we urge all parties to recourse to dialogue and overcome differences in order to complete the comprehensive national reconciliation, preserve the progress and gains achieved on the security, political and economic tracks and unify state institutions. Arab countries cannot achieve security and stability without the existence of firmly established states capable of legislating and enforcing the law, developing and implementing national policies. No state can firmly be established and be stable in the presence of armed factions that are not under its control. These are self-evident and unquestionable matters.

(03:45:24)
Ladies and gentlemen, the war between Russia and Ukraine has caused great human suffering and left repercussions on Europe and the world. We reiterate our call on all parties to implement the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations and the rules of international law to seek to find a peaceful solution as the only possible solution. In this context, and based on our firm belief in the principle of peaceful settlement of disputes, we have made a tangible contribution over the past year as Qatar remediation led to prisoner swap between the United States and Venezuela. And dozens of Ukrainian children were reunited with their families after being separated by the war. Finally, we affirm that the state of Qatar will spare no effort in working with its international partners and the United Nations to firmly consolidate the pillars of peace, security, sustainable development, human rights, and the rule of law at all levels, and to address global challenges in order to achieve a better future for all. Thank you. And may the peace, mercy, and blessings of God be upon you.

Speaker 15 (03:46:44):

[foreign language 03:46:53].

Speaker 14 (03:46:54):

On behalf of the Assembly, I wish to thank the Emir of the State of Qatar. The Assembly will now hear an address by His Excellency Matamela Cyril Ramaphosa, President of the Republic of South Africa. I request protocol to escort His Excellency. I invite him to address the Assembly.

Matamela Cyril Ramaphosa (03:47:33):

Thank you, your Excellency, the Chair of the Assembly. We take this opportunity to thank the United Nations Assembly to give us a chance to speak. 30 years ago, South Africa was born as a new nation, equal, united and free from apartheid. We adopted a new constitution as the birth certificate of our new nation. Our first democratic elections brought the tyranny of apartheid to an end. A system that this General Assembly had declared to be a crime against humanity. In adopting Resolution 2202A in 1966, as later endorsed by the Security council in 1985, the United Nations was a beacon of hope in our quest for justice.

(03:48:56)
The great wave of solidarity of the peoples of the world, led by the United Nations, turned the tide against apartheid. Today, democracy flourishes in South Africa, we have a progressive constitution, an entrenched human rights culture, and strong institutions. We have laws to advance equality and programs to protect society’s most marginalized and vulnerable. We continue to transform our economy so that it is in a more competitive position to create jobs, to attract more investment and that it should benefit all. South Africa is a party to global treaties on human rights, gender equality, children’s rights, refugee protection, and environmental protection.

(03:50:09)
A few days ago, South Africa also endorsed the pact that charts the cause for a better future for global governance and towards the attainment of the sustainable development goals. A signatory to the Paris Agreement, we’re contributing our fair share towards the global effort and have a just energy transition plan to guide our carbon journey and climate-resilient development. Through the African Union, we are working to advance Agenda 2063. We’re involved in mediation and conflict resolution across our continent and actively

Speaker 17 (03:51:00):

… actively contribute to peacekeeping missions. Our political culture has evolved and it continues to mature. We have just held our seventh free and fair general elections since our democracy paving the way for the formation of the government of national unity. 10 political parties have coalesced around a common agenda for economic growth, job creation, poverty eradication, and sustainable development. South Africa is in a new era, an era of great promise. And what some have called our second miracle, South Africans of all races have rallied behind the government of national unity. We’re making headway in resolving some of our most pressing challenges. Our economy has started to improve and investor confidence is on the rise. Our country’s prospects look bright and we look to the future with great hope.

(03:52:28)
The South African story bears witness to the enduring role of the United Nations in global matters. In supporting our struggle, the United Nations affirmed the principles of the UN Charter, the fundamental human rights, the dignity and worth of every person and the equal rights of nations large and small. It affirmed the aspiration contained in the Universal Declaration of Rights that we should strive for a world free of barbarous acts that outrage the conscience of humankind. Genocide was declared to be a stain on the conscience of the world. And the world community took a stand against genocide. Apartheid was declared a crime against humanity and a stain on the conscience of the world. The United Nations took a stand against apartheid.

(03:53:45)
These were seen as crimes against humanity then and they continue to be crimes against humanity now. It has been 11 months since the Hamas attack that killed 1,200 people and where hostages were taken. As South Africa, we have condemned this attack. In response, Israel embarked on an act of collective punishment in its assault on the people of Gaza. The torment of the people of Gaza continues unabated. More than 41,000 Palestinians have been killed. Homes, hospitals, churches, mosques, and schools lie destroyed. Famine and disease stalk the streets of Gaza. This cannot but shock our collective humanity. The violence that Palestinian people are being subjected to is a grim continuation of more than half a century of apartheid that has been perpetrated against Palestinians by Israel. We South Africans know what apartheid looks like. We lived through apartheid. We suffered and died under apartheid.

(03:55:34)
We will not remain silent and watch as apartheid is perpetrated against others. Through the United Nations and the instruments it wields, we must end the suffering that Palestinians are being subjected to. We are called upon to uphold the principles of the UN Charter and to uphold consistently and in their entirety the fundamental tenets of international law. International law cannot be applied selectively. No one state is more equal than any other. In December, last year, South Africa approached the International Court of Justice seeking an order to prevent Israel from committing genocide against the people of Gaza. We did so in terms of our obligations as a state party to the convention on the prevention and punishment of the crime of genocide. As South Africa, we welcome the support that a number of countries have given to the case that we have launched at the ICJ.

(03:57:16)
The ICJ’s orders make it clear that there is a plausible case of genocide against the people of Gaza. They further make it clear that states must also act to prevent genocide by Israel and to ensure that they are not themselves party to the violation of the Genocide Convention by aiding or assisting in the commission of genocide. We reiterate our call for an immediate ceasefire and for the release of all hostages. The only lasting solution is the establishment of a Palestinian state, a state that will exist side by side with Israel, with East Jerusalem as its capital. Our moral conscience further demands that we exert every effort to bring peace also to other countries, especially the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, to Sudan, to Ukraine and other parts of the African continent. We must realize the aspirations of the people of Western Sahara to self-determination. Achieving and maintaining peace and security requires the collective will of the community of nations gathered here. It requires that the UN Security Council should be a more representative body and inclusive.

(03:59:19)
78 years since its formation, the structure of the United Nations Security Council remains largely unchanged. Africa and its 1.4 billion people remain excluded from its key decision-making structures. This cannot continue. The Security Council has not fulfilled its mandate to maintain international peace and security. The UN Security Council must be reformed as a matter of agency. We would like to see the Security Council being more inclusive so that the voices of all nations can be heard and be considered. It cannot remain an exclusive club of just five nations to the exclusion of the many nations in the world. Africa stands ready to play its role in building a safer global order by participating in the work of the UN Security Council on the basis of respect and acceptance. The African Union and its member states are engaged in mediation, in dialogue and diplomacy across our continent to create conditions under which peace and development can take hold. There must be greater collaboration between the United Nations and the African Union towards resolving a number of conflicts and also in addressing the root causes of conflicts that continue to rage.

(04:01:23)
Pandemics and endemics pose a serious threat to us all. We are concerned by the spread of Mpox across the world and in Africa in particular. We urge the international community to mobilize vaccines and other medical countermeasures for deployment where they are most needed. Economic prosperity is key to sustainable peace. Through the Africa Continental Free Trade Area, we are establishing the foundation for a massive increase in trade and investment and infrastructure in our continent. The AfCFTA will further integrate regional economies and accelerate Africa’s industrialization and economic growth. The climate crisis is now a full-blown climate emergency in the world. It impacts very devastatingly to both countries and citizens of many countries. Extreme weather such flooding, fires and droughts are wreaking havoc on society’s economies and the livelihoods of ordinary people. Despite being least responsible for climate change, developing economy countries and particularly African countries are bearing the brunt of what they did not create and are in the front line. As South Africa, we remain committed to contributing our fair share to reduce global emissions. Guided by the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities.

(04:03:44)
We have adaptation and mitigation programs and policies in place and have passed a climate change law to further support our emissions’ reduction targets. It is essential that climate actions do not deepen global inequality or stifle the developmental aspirations of the global south. The industrialized nations are not honoring their climate commitments and we repeat the call for predictable and sustainable financing for climate action. We must operationalize the agreed-upon climate financing and capacity building instruments to advance mitigation and adaptation. Pursuing sustainable development necessitates that those with greater means should support those who lack them. The world faces annual financing gap of some $4 trillion to achieve sustainable development. We call on better resourced countries to scale up their levels of support to developing economy countries. Debt is the millstone around the neck of many developing economy countries stifling their potential and development.

(04:05:26)
Debt servicing is robbing a number of countries of much- needed funds to support health, education and social spending. South Africa endorses the United Nations Secretary-General’s call for the reform of the global financial architecture to enable developing economy countries to lift themselves out of the quick sand of debt. We must commit to systems for financing development that are more accessible, agile and equitable. In 2025, South Africa will assume the presidency of the G20. We will use this important role to advocate for the peoples of Africa and all of the global south for their development and advancement. South Africa welcomes the adoption of the pact for the future and congratulate our sister country, Namibia, as well as for the Federal Republic of Germany for having ably steered the United Nations towards the adoption of the resolution in this regard. This pact of the future is a platform for us to focus on those actions we need to take together to build a world in which the equal worth of every person and the equal worth of every country is recognized and valued. We particularly welcome the commitments to place poverty eradication at the center of all our efforts and for the sustainable development goals, financing gap in developing countries to be closed. The disparities in wealth and development within and between countries is simply unjust and unsustainable. We must continue to strive for equal treatment, for equal opportunity and advancement for all individuals and all nations. The pact for the future must reinvigorate international solidarity. Like veins that carry sustenance to every part of the body, solidarity is the lifeblood of human progress. It binds us together to nourish the greater good. It is achieving the greater good for the common good to which we all strive through dialogue. Through respect for the rule of law, through the advancement of human rights, through cooperation and solidarity, we can and we will be able to achieve a better world for all the peoples of the world. I thank you.

Speaker 20 (04:09:02):

[foreign language 04:09:11].

Speaker 18 (04:09:13):

On behalf of the Assembly, I wish to thank the president of the Republic of South Africa. The Assembly will now hear an address by his Excellency, Mohamed Muizzu, president of the Republic of Maldives. I request protocol to escort his Excellency and invite him to address the Assembly.

Speaker 21 (04:09:42):

[foreign language 04:09:52].

Speaker 19 (04:09:53):

Mr. President, Mr. Secretary General, assalamu alaikum and good afternoon. Mr. President, congratulations on the assumption of your presidency of the General Assembly. Our appreciation also to your predecessor for his strong leadership. We extend our gratitude to the Secretary General for his tireless efforts in steering the Secretariat. We gather here today at a delicate moment in the world history. Let’s not mince our words today. Humanity is in deep trouble facing an ever-growing list of crises, conflict, poverty, hunger, climate change, the wealth gap, the cost of living crisis, migration, occupation, opioid addiction, the list goes on and on and on. In fact, I have a map here of the world with countries which are facing some sort of crisis in red. Do you see any countries in green who are not facing any crisis? Do you know why? Because we are all deep in the red.

(04:11:11)
Humanity is in crisis and in many cases it’s man-made, but we look the other way continuing with business as usual. While the alarms are ringing, the band is still playing the same old tunes as the whole ship descends deeper and deeper into uncharted waters. We need nations united in harmony, not united nations in misery. These are crucial times for the world, important years for my country. In 2040, the Maldives will celebrate 75 years regaining its independence, 75 years as a sovereign nation. As we look forward to that milestone in our nation’s life, what we can hope to achieve, what do we wish to accomplish, and is the world ready to play its part? I took office as the president of Maldives last November duty bound by the aspirations of my people, the same aspirations I hold dear to my heart, not just for the present but for the future too. Today I’m here at the United Nations with a vision of where I want to take my country.

(04:12:32)
By 2040, I wish to see the Maldives as a full-fledged developed nation. A nation that commands respect, is relevant and one that embodies resilience. A society that is inclusive and just, a country that exemplifies sustainability and democratic governance. Destiny is not mere fate. It is a consequence of the many choices we make, the many decisions we take and the many hours we work. Becoming a developed nation may seem like a daunting task and a distant possibility, but I can tell you this, with a goal in sight and a plan in hand, it is achievable because prevailing and even flourishing against formidable odds is nothing new for the Maldivians. In 1965 when we regained independence, we were among the poorest countries in the world. One-third of our population was illiterate. More than one out of every 10 babies were dying before their first birthday. We had no industries, barely any exports and even fewer prospects. And in just five decades, we have reached upper-middle income status, a feat we are incredibly proud of.

(04:13:48)
I believe the Maldives can become a developed country by investing in the country’s productive capacity and increasing its productivity by transforming our economy into one that is fully digitized and driven by artificial intelligence and most importantly, by leveraging the natural beauty and many resources of our country. Boosting productivity will be the key to economic transformation. This we will do by reforming and strengthening our institutions, increasing our state capacity and leveraging the private sector. We will also identify and implement policies that support investments in key sectors such as the digital economy. The Maldives has over 1,100 islands spread across 90,000 square kilometers. Enhancing digital connectivity is key to achieving inclusive development, mobilizing economic activity, and fostering a more diversified and resilient economy. We believe the future is intelligence-driven. This is why we are working towards a digital economy that can contribute up to 15% of our GDP by 2030.

(04:15:07)
This can be achieved through investing in our ICT infrastructure. We are using an expanding artificial intelligence systems to deliver essential services such as healthcare, education and social welfare. We are also delving into cutting-edge applications of 5G technology, using drones for medical supplies, delivery, and implementing smart road systems and using AI-enhanced technology for erosion detection and environmental monitoring. The transformation can be sustainable only if we transform our education and financial systems. We need to invest in digital literacy from a young age to build a generation that can use artificial intelligence to enhance public service delivery, build new products, and successfully compete in the global digital economy. We need to bridge the digital divide within the country, including through improving data collection and utilization. We need to strengthen the regulatory frameworks, strengthening existing institutions, cultivating startup ecosystems, and providing the impetus for the future we envision. Becoming a developed country will also require fostering new industries.

(04:16:32)
This is why we are also working on building a robust financial sector in the Maldives. With this in mind, in May this year, I set up the development Bank of Maldives with a focus on improving and investing in economic diversification. The result we desire is inclusive development where equality of access to opportunities is guaranteed, where women and young people play key players in development, not mere spectators, and where every Maldivian citizen has adequate housing. To support objectives, my government has launched $6.5 million loan facility. It’s specifically for women entrepreneurs, of which 25% is allocated to those with disabilities. In the first phase over 100 projects will be funded across 19 of the 20 atolls and Mali. And across 21 business activities I have also recently launched a presidential youth advisory board. This board will advise and inform me directly on the needs and views of young people.

(04:17:47)
Inclusivity is at the heart of one of the most ambitious, large-scale urban development projects in the country’s history, Rasmale. This is my promise to the Maldivian people, a solution to alleviate the long-term housing crisis. An urban oasis where citizens can fully participate in all aspects of city life. Rasmale will utilize modular housing, leverage a state-of-the-art transportation system that is accessible to all. It will be developed as a climate resilient and safe island. Tourism drives the Maldivian economy. My vision is to expand the tourism sector further. This means building complementary industries centered around innovation and creativity. This means more sustainable and construction practices emphasizing on green and sustainable tourism. We are also expanding our main international airport, our air connectivity and the fleet of our national airline. These steps will support the expansion of the tourism sector and at the same time generate more revenue for the country, but tourism is also highly vulnerable to external shocks, conflicts, calamities, and causes beyond our control can and have had far-reaching critical implications in the past.

(04:19:11)
We need the international system to anticipate and address these threats. Threats such as armed conflicts, terrorism, violent extremism, transnational organized crime, climate change, ocean degradation, crimes that transcend national borders. Part of addressing these threats is to safeguard and protect people’s fundamental rights. In 2015, the world came together to endorse humanity’s fundamental rights by committing to the sustainable development goals or SDGs, but six years to the SDG’s deadline, we are only on track in less than a fifth of those targets. In June, this organization, the UN issued a report saying the world is failing to deliver on sustainable development goals. This week we agreed on a pact for the future, but do we want this document, the pact, to go the same way as this one, the 2015 SDG commitments? I’m sorry, but we can’t keep doing this. We can’t keep meeting, talking, pledging, but not doing.

(04:20:20)
We don’t want these days to come back to haunt us, the days when we had a chance, but not a will. We believe the best approach to protecting fundamental rights is to cultivate a culture of respect. This requires support. The Maldives has a good track record of treaty ratification, implementation, and reporting. We champion the right to environment because we are keenly aware of the consequences of environmental degradation. We also believe that violation of a right by any country, large or small, rich or poor, with powerful friends or not must not be tolerated. This is why the ongoing massacre, the genocide by Israel and Gaza is a travesty of justice and the international system. The repeated destruction of homes, hospitals, schools, humanitarian infrastructure, the repeated cycles of killing of men, women, children, babies, thousands upon thousands. The world is struggling to process the deaths of so many civilians in Gaza and now Israel raids Lebanon claiming hundreds more civilian lives there.

(04:21:39)
Their cries haunt anyone with humanity. Their tears bitter our conscience. Israel’s targeting of journalists, the eyes and ears of humanity, the killing of journalists, Palestinian journalists, Lebanese journalists, Al Jazeera journalists, the closure of Al Jazeera officers. How can we interpret this as anything other than brutal attempts to prevent the world from knowing about the crimes taking place? Israel must be held accountable for these acts of terrorism, for these violations of international law and UN resolutions. We must accept a sovereign and independent Palestinian state on the pre 1967 borders with East Jerusalem at this capital. We welcome the decision to seat our brothers and sisters from Palestine with us here in the General Assembly for the first time instead of behind us. Now we must ensure that Palestine becomes a full member of the UN. Mr. President, the Maldives is gearing up for an economic transformation that will change lives, but our policies can deliver the results only with sufficient international financial support. The Maldives has always taken ownership and responsibility for its own development. While we have received extensive support towards our development, we urge the multilateral development funds, banks and bilateral donors to view us as your partners, not just as recipients of it. To stop looking at our inherent vulnerabilities as limitations, to adopt tailor-made approaches which are mutually beneficial, to reduce the cost of borrowing, to make the financial system work for us, not penalize us, to make your terms flexible, your financing less rigid, to make your lending targeted, affordable and responsible. Mr. President, climate change is the most serious threat to our world. The defining challenge of our generation is washing away decades of progress in mere minutes. It’s diverting already depleted resources of long-term development to emergency relief and reconstruction,

Speaker 22 (04:24:00):

… preventing countries from adapting to climate impact and the vicious cycle continues. The Maldives has always walked the talk. We are investing in renewable energy. Our goal is to have 33% of the country’s electricity demand from renewable energy sources by 2028. On behalf of the Maldivian people, I implore you do your part. Act now. We must face the climate emergency head on with science, determination and resources. The rich and emitting countries need to meet the financial pledges already made, especially on adaptation where the financing gap continues to widen. As we work towards COP29, we must ensure the new goal on climate finance matches the level of climate action required. This means the new goal must go beyond the $100 billion. It must include, as a minimum, loss and damage response, mitigation and adaptation as sub-goals.

(04:25:04)
One of the biggest victims of the climate crisis is the ocean. The Maldivian people and their livelihoods are dependent on the health and wealth of the ocean. We need to step up efforts to sustainably use and manage our ocean resources, address plastic pollution, conserve biodiversity, and protect endangered species. This morning I ratified the Global Ocean Treaty. We urge you all to do the same. We urge you to do your part to address climate change, overcome pollution and reverse biodiversity loss.

(04:25:37)
The transformation the Maldives seeks cannot be achieved without an enabling global environment. Small countries like mine need a multilateral system that champions us and delivers for us. The United Nations is the epitome of the multilateral system. It is well positioned to promote sustainable development, to maintain peace and security, to promote and protect human rights, to enforce equality, the rule of law, inclusivity and representativeness. But what we are witnessing is the opposite. Inability to stop climate change and environmental degradation, inability to stop war and genocide, inability to stop exploitation and suffering, inability to stop unequal representation.

(04:26:23)
Hence, the United Nations needs reform and revitalization. It needs to be representative. The Maldives cannot and will not watch and stand idle while the multilateral system fails because our development, our advancement, and our survival is tethered to the world. That’s why the Maldives is seeking to get elected to the Economic and Social Council for the 2027 to 2029 term. We count on your support.

(04:26:53)
If elected, the Maldives will strive to make the UN development system more relevant to our times, continuously recalibrating and adjusting, utilizing the latest science and evidence, listening to the variety of opinions and views. The United Nations must enforce its decisions across the UN system and at local level. The United Nations is only relevant when it makes a real difference in our lives. Mr. President, 59 years ago, the Maldives reached out to the United Nations as its first port in a sea of uncertainty. We came here to this great hall seeking recognition, seeking a partner. We came to you as a poor and impoverished country, but with a vision of prosperity, a vision which we made great progress with your support. Today, once again, we come to you aiming higher, to reach further and to do better with the wish to make the Maldives a developed nation by 2040. For I believe development is destiny and our destiny beckons towards a brighter future for the present and future generations. I thank you.

Speaker 23 (04:28:25):

On behalf of the Assembly, I wish to thank the president of the Republic of Maldives. The Assembly will now hear an address by His Excellency, Emomali Rahmon, president of the Republic of Tajikistan. I request protocol to escort His Excellency and invite him to address the Assembly.

Speaker 24 (04:29:15):

Honorable President, Excellency Secretary General, distinguished delegates, ladies and gentlemen, I at the onset extend my warm words of congratulations to His Excellency Philemon Yang on his election as the president of the 79th session of the United Nations General Assembly. My heartfelt thanks also go out to His Excellency Mr. Dennis Francis in recognition of his fruitful engagement as the president of the 78th session of the United Nations General Assembly.

(04:29:48)
Distinguished delegates, today the world is facing a turbulent and intricate situation. The controversial [inaudible 04:29:58] process, rapid weaponization, escalation of the Cold War, armed conflicts, aftermath of climate change, and other the global jeopardies and threats will undoubtedly give rise to the long-term negative consequences. In this context, it is critical more than ever that we consolidate joint efforts of the international community to protect security, maintain stability, and ensure overall sustainable development. Obviously, we can bring lasting peace, build harmonious life of mankind and prosperity of countries primarily on the basis of mutual understanding and constructive cooperation. We ought to be united to achieve these objectives, bring all wars and conflicts to an end, as well as implement other peaceful goals. It is high time now to take bold and effective steps forward to strengthen the key role of the United Nations in resolving conflicts and restoring peace and stability across the planet. I, in this regards, would like to propose to adopt a special United Nations General Assembly Resolution declaring the Decade of Promotion of Peace for Future Generations.

(04:31:28)
As I have stated time and again, Tajikistan always advocates the solution of all conflicts only through political and diplomatic means. At the same time, I would like to emphasize that the Republic of Tajikistan continues an interrupted unwavering support of an implementation of the 2030 agenda to achieve sustainable development goals. It is worth noting that the principle message of these agenda is also reflected in Tajikistan National Development Strategy 2030 and continued efforts are being taken to achieve the primary goals.

(04:32:22)
Nevertheless, the existence of a wide range of difficulties hinder the timely financing of sustainable development. Challenges include security turmoil, economic and financial crisis, unprecedented warming due to climate change, and loss of biodiversity, as well as an outbreak of contagious diseases. In a political declaration recently adopted by the General Assembly, member states have admitted that achievement of the sustainable development goals is in threat. According to the United Nations Secretary General’s report, the international community will be able to achieve only 17 percent of development goals by 2030. We are witnessing the setbacks and results achieved within the sustainable development goals in many developing countries.

(04:33:36)
In view of this, we need to intensify other efforts to implement the 2030 agenda in a timely manner and pay particular attention to the financing for sustainable development. It means that we need to prioritize sustainable development for developing countries and financing with a view to facilitate and promote the sustainable development achievement.

(04:34:06)
We also believe that the 4th International Conference on Financing for Development scheduled to be held in Spain in July 2025 as per the United Nations Journal Assembly Resolution will play a crucial role in exploring new approach to remove barriers on the way to financing for development. Necessarily, the activities of the international financial and economic system should meet the needs of developing countries so that it can facilitate the timely counter-responsive of member states to modern threats and challenges.

(04:34:47)
In that context, in order to implement the goals and programs we’ve outlined, we believe it is important to continue financing countries in need by international financial institutions, especially through the means of the International Development Association, IDA. Digital technologies and artificial intelligence pave the suitable ways for achieving the sustainable development goals. Tajikistan is taking effective and the most necessary measures for the gradual transition to digitalization system by adopting the national strategy and relevant conceptual legal acts. I, in this respect propose to the General Assembly to adopt at its upcoming session a special resolution on the role of artificial intelligence in creating new opportunities for socioeconomic development and acceleration of the sustainable development goals achievement in the region of Central Asia.

(04:35:57)
Tajikistan recognizes the importance of the Summit of the Future held in the framework of the current session of the United Nations General Assembly. The intergovernmental document, the Pact for the Future adopted during the summit plays a key role in ensuring peace, security, and sustainable development, and we welcome the willingness of the international community to implement this pact. This pact was adopted at a time when millions of civilians are exposed to security risks and dangers in different regions around the world. We reckon that the international community must take joint and effective actions to withstand the threats of terrorism and extremism, radicalism, cyber crime, trafficking in narcotics and weapon smuggling, and fight other manifestations of transnational crime.

(04:37:12)
Furthermore, the rise of Islamophobia as well as the trend of practicing double standard policy in international relationships in recent years has become a matter of our deep concern. Our country constantly carries out joint actions in cooperation with the United Nations and its specialized agencies as well as other international partners to counter security threats and challenges. Consequently, Tajikistan and the state of Kuwait in cooperation with the United Nations Office on Counterterrorism will hold the next high-level conference in the framework of the Dushanbe Process on Counterterrorism in the city of Kuwait this November. We did believe that these platform will mainly focus on the subjects related to the persistence of inclusive security and stability and contribute to continuation of an extended and trustful dialogue, as well as facilitate exchange of helpful experience and ideas among the stakeholders.

(04:38:34)
Ladies and gentlemen, on security matters, I would like to emphasize that the Palestinian crisis remains a matter of deep concern to our country. Today’s tragic situation in this region once again proves that there is absolutely no military solution to the Palestinian case. Tajikistan believes that an ultimate and tangible solution to this conflict possible only through the implementation of the United Nations resolutions on recognition of an independent state of Palestine based on 1967 borders.

(04:39:24)
We hope that conflicting parties will take actions for a ceasefire deal and arrange the peace negotiations, and the international community will take effective states to restore the lasting stability in Palestine. Moreover, we uphold establishment of enduring peace and stability as well as economic and social development in neighboring Afghanistan. To this end, Tajikistan is always ready to accord its assistance in the revival and development of a wide range of sectors of peaceful life in Afghanistan. Subsequently, I repeatedly call on the international community to spare no effort to help the long-suffering people of Afghanistan, including regions affected by natural disasters to prevent a humanitarian crisis in this war-torn country.

(04:40:37)
Honorable delegates, ladies and gentlemen, it has been more than a year since the United Nations World Conference 2023. According to the reports of relevant United Nations agencies, progress in water supply and sanitation, despite some improvements, does not meet our expectations. It needs to be much more done. As a result, Tajikistan, as a champion country, actively cooperates with all stakeholders to implement the commitments stemming from the Water Action Agenda of the United Nations Water Conference 2023.

(04:41:21)
Successful accomplishment of these and other water-related commitments and goals will depend on effective multi-stakeholder partnerships that ensure integrated and systematic coherent approach. In this regards, it is important for us to take advantage of Dushanbe Water Process platform to monitor the of the United Nations Water Conference 2023. We believe that the Dushanbe Water Process will play a pivotal role as a platform for a broad inclusive dialogue of stakeholders for a comprehensive preparation for the United Nations Water Conference in Dushanbe in 2028.

(04:42:09)
Your Excellencies, distinguished participants, at the backdrop of a climate change impact, the international community needs to work on collective approach and initiatives in the proper use of natural resources and the relentless activities of various fields of human life. In recent years, the natural disasters, along with a series of droughts, cause enormous damage to the agriculture environment and economies of developing countries in general. Being 93% of its territory covered by mountains, Tajikistan is also vulnerable to climate change due to the frequent occurrence of nature disasters. Natural disasters annually bring damage to the national economy of Tajikistan worth hundreds of millions of dollars, and unfortunately, in many cases, they cause death toll. Climate change is causing the accelerated melting of glaciers and reduce water volume and the rivers in different parts of the world, including in Central Asia. This process has a negative impact on real sectors of national economy such as energy, industry and agriculture.

(04:43:48)
Today, more than 1,000 out of 14,000 Tajikistan glaciers, which are the main source of drinking water for in the region, have completely melted, and the pace of the melting is dramatically increasing. This is despite the fact that precipitation and glaciers of Tajikistan make up to 60% of the source of water resources in Central Asia. Meanwhile, the United Nations General Assembly’s Declaration of 2025 as the International Year of Glaciers Preservation at the initiative of Tajikistan provides a suitable basis for a developing cooperation among stakeholders. Pursuant to this United Nations General Assembly Resolution, March 21st was declared as the World Glaciers Day, and an international trust fund to promote the glaciers’ preservation was established under the auspices of the United Nations Secretary General. Concurrently the first high-level international conference on glaciers preservation will be hosted in Dushanbe, Tajikistan next year.

(04:45:14)
Taking this opportunity, we call on partner countries and organizations to actively participate and contribute to the arrangement and conduct of this conference. We believe that this important international conference, which is scheduled to be held in cooperation with UNESCO and the World Meteorological Organization, will play in effective role in assessing the global glaciers problems and exploring specific approach and ways for their effective solutions. Alongside with us, we invite all partners to financially contribute to the International Glaciers Trust Fund.

(04:46:07)
It is worth highlighting that to further advance the glaciers preservation agenda, Tajikistan together with France has put forward another initiative to declare 2025, 2034, a Decade of Action for Cryospheric Sciences. Our country has adopted a National Strategy For Adaptation to Climate Change 2030, based on its international obligations, including specific provisions of the Paris Agreement. Evidently, one of the ways to successfully mitigate the challenges related to climate change is the development of a green economy, which in turn calls for green energy development. Considering the importance of this reality, our country has approved and currently is implementing the Green Economy Development Strategy for 2023-2037. We currently produce 98% of our electricity from the country’s hydroelectric power resources, and we are ranked the sixth intervals in terms of the share of green energy produced from renewable sources.

(04:47:43)
The goal of the implementation of our plans in this direction is to turn Tajikistan into a green country by 2037. Today, finding solutions to the daily issues of adaptation to climate change and reducing the severity of its negative consequences is considered one of the top priorities for the international community. We hope the developed countries, the United Nations, and its specialized agencies, influential international financial institutions, and other international and regional multilateral entities will further continue to pay serious attention to these important and critical issues. We are convinced that the international community succeeds to achieve its common goals and objectives through the development of trustful dialogue, mutual understanding, and constructive, rewarding cooperation. I thank you for your attention.

Speaker 23 (04:49:08):

On behalf of the Assembly, I wish to thank the President of the Republic of Tajikistan. The Assembly will now hear and address by His Excellency Gitanas Nauseda, president of the Republic of Lithuania. I request protocol to escort His Excellency and invite him to address the Assembly.

Speaker 25 (04:49:47):

Dear President of the General Assembly, Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, over the last two days in this very room, global leaders welcomed the Pact for the Future. Together we reaffirmed our commitment for multilateralism, anchored in the free pillars of the United Nations, sustainable development, peace, and security, and human rights. These are all great and noble principles that have defined the essence of the United Nations systems since the end of the Second World War. Most significant global political developments from the colonization to the end of the Cold War and the singing revolutions in Europe have seemed to bring us closer to the bright future of peace, freedom, and human dignity. While this international rules-based world order was never perfect, it helped us to search for joint solutions. For many decades, we have been trying to resolve multiple conflicts and crises and address emerging global challenges such as climate change, unequal development, food insecurity, terrorism and illegal migration.

(04:51:19)
And then more than 10 years ago, something entirely different happens. A permanent member of the Security Council began military aggression against a peaceful member state, at first covertly, then more and more openly, breaking ever more international norms. And finally, Russia started the full-scale invasion of Ukraine. Today, even though we face yet another distressing crisis in the Middle East, as well as rising tensions in Indo-Pacific region, the Russian war of aggression is the most dangerous threat. The entire international order, defined by sovereignty, territorial integrity, and inviolability of borders is under assault in Ukraine. Each and every member of the United Nations, every sovereign nation, has also much to lose. To fully understand what is presently at stake, we must all start paying attention to the words of Russian leaders and their representatives at the United Nations Security Council, how many times they have openly admitted that Kremlin intends to wipe Ukraine from the face of Earth.

(04:52:52)
If any sovereign nation is under the threat of complete destruction, no country is truly safe anymore. If the international community looks away and ignores the unpleasant truth, no country is safe anymore. And if mass killings, deportation and deliberate actions on civilian population became the new norm, no country is truly safe anymore. That should be perfectly clear to anyone. That should disturb us all.

(04:53:33)
Ladies and gentlemen, what Russia presents to the world is a return to the era of imperial conquest, colonial domination, and genocide. And I do not believe we are ready to follow this path. I do not believe any of us want to see powerful neighbors convincing themselves that from now on every dispute should be settled by force. Therefore, right now, Ukraine is fighting not only a war of self-defense, Ukraine is also fighting for the future of all those countries who believe in the United Nations Charter, and its principles. Ukraine is fighting for us all.

(04:54:23)
And yet our joint collective response to this day has been insufficient. We have not been able to stop this madness. We have not been able to force Russia to reconsider its dangerous course. We have not been able to hold it accountable for so many violations of the United Nations Charter. Why was that the case? Because to this day, the aggressor is hiding under the cover of the Security Council’s permanent membership, hiding in plain sight, mocking every one of us with its unrestricted veto power. It is a terrible blow to the very credibility of the United Nations system. And still, we keep hearing some calls for Ukraine to surrender, to compromise on its sovereignty and territorial integrity, or to accept Russia’s ultimatums. Why should the aggressor be rewarded? Why should appeasement work this time then it failed so spectacularly almost 90 years ago? Why should the victim agree to the demands of the aggressor sitting safe in the Kremlin after so much bloodshed and loss of innocent lives?

(04:55:54)
Ukraine is still fighting. Ukraine is still going strong regardless of all the appeasers and doomsayers, and only Ukraine has the right to determine the actual conditions for peace. Meanwhile, we have the duty to support Ukraine, to restrict Russia’s ability to wage war, and ensure the accountability of those responsible for the crime of aggression and crimes against humanity, to reform the Security Council and to rebuild the credibility of the United Nations Charter. To withstand enormous pressure and win this war, Ukraine will need more military equipment, ammunition, medical supplies. Ukraine also urgently needs humanitarian and financial aid. This upcoming winter will be extremely difficult for the Ukrainian people. Constant deliberate Russian attacks on critical energy infrastructure have destroyed more

Gitanas Nausėda (04:57:00):

More than 80% of Ukraine’s thermal energy generation and a third of its hydro generation. To prevent a humanitarian catastrophe, our systems should be swift and focused on the energy sector. Lithuania calls on other parties including Belarus, Iran, North Korea, and China to stop providing Russia with military support, including the transfer of dual-use materials. More arms for Russia means more civilian deaths, more civilian infrastructure destroyed, more chaos.

(04:57:43)
There is only one path towards comprehensive, just and lasting peace. Ukraine’s peace formula. It deserves universal support because it is based on the universal principles of the United Nations Charter: sovereignty; territorial integrity; and international law. Lithuania urges all peace-loving countries to actively engage in these efforts, including preparation for and participation in the next summit of the peace formula. The war could enter the end phase tomorrow if only Russia agrees to disengage and withdraw its forces from all the occupied territories.

(04:58:33)
Ukraine does not want Russia’s territories. It wants to liberate its own people, not Russia’s. It wants to see prisoners of war and abducted children, thousands of them, returned. It wants the constant deliberate bombing of civilian infrastructure of so many schools, hospitals, and power stations to finally stop. To achieve lasting peace, more actions will have to follow. Justice will have to be served. Russia will have to atone for its many crimes and pay damages. The main culprits of the war of aggression and numerous war crimes will have to stand before the court. Vladimir Putin is already under an arrest warrant by the international criminal court for his crimes, specifically unlawful deportation and unlawful transfer of children. Immobilized Russian foreign assets should also be used to pay for the damage done to Ukraine. Finally, we must all join forces in pushing for a comprehensive security council reform. There’s simply no place for Russia in the Security Council, which was created to maintain international peace and security.

(05:00:02)
Excellencies, Lithuania hopes to witness Ukraine’s victory soon. Until this becomes reality, Lithuania’s position remains steadfast. We will not recognize Russia’s illegal annexation of any Ukrainian region, be it Crimea, Sevastopol, Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk or Zaporizhzhia. We will not stop demanding that Russia ends grave violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the occupied territories of Ukraine. Lithuania will continue providing shelter to Ukrainian war refugees. Lithuania will continue supporting Ukraine with all possible means. Ladies and gentlemen, today as the political divisions deepen and democracy seems to falter all around the globe, multilateralism remains our greatest hope. The United Nations has a crucial role to play, not only in Ukraine but also in the Middle East. Sahel, Horn of Africa and in the Indo-Pacific region.

(05:01:21)
We, as representatives of the international community cannot remain indifferent in the face of the global crisis. We cannot stay silent on the breaches of international law and universal human rights, thus normalizing them. The pursuit of peace and justice requires our collective determination. It requires our unwavering adherence to the guiding principles of the United Nations. Now, as always, Lithuania is committed to promoting democracy, human rights, and accountability on the global stage. We call on all the members of the United Nations to unite in securing a better future for all. A future where every sovereign country is protected from imperialism and every human being, from arbitrary, violence and war. Let us build a safe future together. Thank you.

Speaker 26 (05:02:31):

On behalf of the Assembly, I wish to thank the President of the Republic of Lithuania. The Assembly will hear and addressed by his Excellency Julius Maada Bio, President of the Republic of Sierra Leone. I request Portugal to escort his Excellency and invite him to address the Assembly.

Julius Maada Bio (05:03:21):

Madam President, I congratulate his Excellency, Philémon Yunji on his election as president of the 79th session of the United Nations Secretary-General and express Sierra Leone’s support to you during your tenure. I extend my deep gratitude to his Excellency Dennis Francis for his principled stewardship as president of the 78th session of the United Nations General Assembly. I appreciate and thank his Excellency António Guterres, Secretary-General of the United Nations for his tireless effort and global leadership.

(05:04:18)
Madam President, more than 30 years ago, Sierra Leone was plunged into a decade-long brutal war. More than 50,000 people were killed and millions fled their homes as refugees and internally displaced persons. The situation in Sierra Leone at that time was not unique. Conflicts existed in other parts of West Africa, in Africa and around the world.

(05:04:57)
In Sierra Leone, however, we overcame our challenges with a common vision for peace through genuine dialogue, committed leadership and action. Notably, the hard-won peace we enjoy is not without its fragility and we remain vigilant in safeguarding it. Sierra Leone’s peace journey exemplifies the values of ownership, engagement through dialogue and our partnership with ECOWAS, the United Nations and the broader international community which yielded the peace dividend. This story has shaped our engagement at the United Nations Security Council since the commencement of our second tenure in January this year. For almost nine months, Sierra Leone as an elected member of the United Nations Security Council has endeavoured to be a voice of reason and a bridge builder with balance and objectivity.

(05:06:19)
Will we continue to promote respect for nonadherence to international law and the UN Charter, ensure the protection of civilians, end impunity through accountability and foster dialogue for the peaceful settlement of disputes? Our commitment to these principles is even more imperative now than ever before as we are confronted with conflicts of great magnitude in the Middle East, Africa, Asia, and Europe. The need for a ceasefire in Gaza and the wider Middle East as well as in Sudan, Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo and Ukraine is not just pressing, but urgent. Immediate, immediate action is required to prevent further loss of precious lives and human suffering.

(05:07:29)
We need collective action to stop all conflicts and engage in meaningful dialogue so that the countries can move forward with their development agenda in peace, security, and stability. As a country that has experienced the devastating consequences of armed conflict, we acknowledge that peace cannot be achieved in isolation. It requires inclusive political processes, economic development and respect for human rights. For the millions of civilians trapped in ongoing armed conflicts, wars of condemnation and empathy alone are not enough. It is imperative that we act together as the United Nations with a sustained commitment to end the cycle of violence and give innocent civilians the opportunity to enjoy lasting peace and prosperity.

(05:08:37)
In the Sahel and West Africa, the regional leadership has been hard at work to find urgent solutions to the numerous peace and security challenges, particularly to curb the spread of terrorism and violent extremism. I call upon the international community to strengthen support for African-led peace initiatives and for the United Nations to play a more active role in addressing the root causes of conflicts. The safety and security of the people in the Sahel and parts of West Africa require a strong commitment from all relevant actors to engage in political dialogue and diplomacy actively to ensure we provide countries in the front line, especially Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, the necessary support they need.

(05:09:40)
Commitment to political transition is necessary, but it should never be at the expense of the safety of vulnerable civilians. There can be commitment and action on both. I’ve called for meaningful dialogue and led by example by visiting the head of state of Burkina Faso before Sierra Leone assumed the presidency of the United Nations Security Council in August, 2024. We need to build bridges and this requires the international community’s commitment to working with the regions to implement dialogue-based, region-led and region-owned solutions.

(05:10:39)
Madam President, our current tenure at the United Nations Security Council has reinforced the view that there is an urgent need for reform. Nearly eight years after its creation, the Security Council has been stuck in time. Its imbalanced composition is unjust and at odds with current realities, undermining its legitimacy and effectiveness. Unfortunately, Africa remains the unquestionable victim in all of this. Without structural change, the Security Council’s effective performance and legitimacy remains unquestionable. In a historic and successful debate, which I presided over during Sierra Leone’s August presidency of the Security Council on addressing the historic injustice and enhancing Africa’s effective representation in the Security Council, I spoke as a representative of the continent that has long been underrepresented in the decision-making processes that shape our world on matters of peace and security.

(05:12:11)
That debate had an indisputable resonance. One, that the historical injustice being perpetrated against Africa must be rectified. Two, that Africa must be treated as a special case. And three, that it must be prioritized in the reform process. In expressing appreciation for the active and supportive engagement by the many interests and regional groups as well as invited member states to the debate, the facts and issues are now clear to all. Africa has long been marginalized in global decision-making processes and its voices are often drowned out. The legacy of colonialism, economic exploitation and political marginalization has left deep scars on the African continent, thereby affecting its development, stability, and influence in international affairs.

(05:13:41)
This results in a lack of meaningful representation on issues that directly affect the continent, such as conflict prevention, conflict resolution, peacekeeping operations, and sustainable development. Addressing contemporary global security challenges require the collective wisdom and the cooperation of all nations, not just the privileged few or the most militarily or economically powerful. We argue that equitable representation of Africa will better equip the United Nations to tackle global challenges and foster a more just, fair and peaceful world. As the coordinator of the African Union Committee of Ten on the reform of the Security Council, Sierra Leone remains fully committed to promoting, defending, and soliciting support for the common African position as espoused in the Ezulwini Consensus and SAT declaration.

(05:15:05)
Africa therefore demands no less than two permanent seats with all the rights and privileges of the permanent members, including the right to veto and two additional seats in the non-permanent category of the security council. Sierra Leone welcomes the consensus that has emerged from the UN Secretary-General from the UN General Assembly intergovernmental negotiations as reflected in the pact for the future. And I quote, “To address the historical injustice against Africa as a priority and while treating Africa as a special case, improve the representation of the underrepresented and unrepresented regions and groups.” Let us work together to redress historical injustice and recreate a Security Council that truly reflects the diversity of the world that we live in today. As I stated in the Security Council debate, the time for half- hearted measures and incremental progress is over. Africa’s voice must be heard and it demands for justice and equity must be met, and now.

(05:16:51)
Madam President, the summit of the future for Sierra Leone is about delivering peace, human rights and the dividends of democracy for everyone, everywhere, and now. Accordingly, my government has laid out a strategic vision for Sierra Leone as captured in Sierra Leone’s medium-term National Development Plan 2024/2030, a framework for delivering socioeconomic development and prosperity for our people. Aligned to the sustainable development goals and the African Union’s agenda 2063, our development plan serves as a comprehensive blueprint for transformative acceleration in critical areas such as agriculture, food security, human capital development, job creation for our youth, infrastructure development and technology. With the adoption of the pact for the future, including the Declaration on Future Generations and the Global Digital Compact at the summit of the future, my government is reinforcing its commitment to championing and investing in human capital development. Human capital development is a profound commitment to our people’s well-being and future. By investing significantly in education, healthcare, and agriculture, my government is laying the foundation for a prosperous and equitable Sierra Leone.

(05:18:44)
Over the past six years, our achievements through our free quality education program, legislative reviews and governance reforms in the education sector and radical inclusion strategy have been highly impactful, well-acclaimed and seen as a good model for the world. We welcome the Global Digital Compact’s principle of ensuring safe, secure, and trustworthy emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence to offer new opportunities to accelerate development and leaving no one behind. In the area of gender equality and women’s economic empowerment, significant strides have been made and they are some of the legacies my government will bequeath to our current and future generations.

(05:19:45)
I recently signed into law this year a bill, prohibiting child marriage following the historic signing into law of the Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment Act of 2023. This is all meant to ensure the realization of the national aspiration for our women and guys to build an inclusive and equitable society. I remain steadfast in my commitment to ensuring that every girl and woman lives in a safe environment with ample opportunities to realize their full potential and thrive equally in the world. From prioritizing the women’s peace and security agenda at the Security Council to adoption by the general Assembly of a resolution condemning all forms of sexual and gender-based violence and urging all countries to provide victims and survivors with access to justice, reparation, and assistance, we will continue to advocate for women and girls across the globe. Therefore, I’m pleased to announce that Sierra Leone recommends preparatory work that will lead to the convening of a diplomatic conference to conclude an internationally legally binding instrument on access to justice for sexual violence survivors. The proposed treaty, free-turn treaty, in accordance of the success of the United Nations resolution on access to justice remedies and assistance for survivors of sexual violence.

(05:21:55)
Madam President, leaving no one behind and acting together to achieve sustainable development similarly means that we have to end the global economic inequalities and ensure that government in least developed countries can deliver on the dividends of democracy. The unmanageable debt crisis, lack of capital flow, the devastating impact of climate change and lack of climate finance conflict and political instability around the world are increasing the odds of developing countries not achieving the SDGs. The role of development finance institutions in supporting the objectives of national development plans of low-income countries, particularly those emphasizing the SDGs is of great significance to their socio-economic development. At the International Development Association for Africa Health of State Summit in Nairobi, April this year, Sierra Leone unreservedly expressed its endorsement of the Nairobi IDA communique.

(05:23:18)
The communique exemplifies the collective aspiration of the African heads of state, present, to raise the level of development support in Africa through the IDA-21 Replenishment. I wish to re-echo that endorsement at this August gathering. IDA’s affordable concessional finance allows African leaders to develop our economies, enhance education and healthcare, deal with increasing effects of climate change, and expand electricity and digital access without becoming buried in unsustainable debt. To conclude, Madam President, the end of the Second World War in 1945 did not only unite leaders but also urged them to cooperate. This was the birth of multilateralism.

(05:24:28)
As the African proverb says, ” Our two hands do not wash themselves. They wash one another.” As leaders, we must cooperate to achieve the purposes of this United Nations and deliver peace and security, stability and prosperity for our people. Divisions and unhealthy competition, will only lead to humanity’s destruction. We must ensure unity in diversity where the rights of the weak and the minority are protected. So let us safeguard our multilateral system. Let us cooperate, acting together for the advancement of peace, sustainable development and human dignity for present and future generations, leaving no one behind. Thank you.

Speaker 26 (05:25:38):

On behalf of the Assembly, I wish to thank the President of the Republic of Sierra Leone. The Assembly will hear an address by his Excellency Aleksandar Vučić, President of the Republic of Serbia. I request protocol to escort his Excellency and invite him to address the Assembly.

Aleksandar Vučić (05:26:18):

Madam President, Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, Mahatma Gandhi said, “There is no path to peace. Peace is the path.” In the same spirit of fraternal love and open heart, I address you today on behalf of the Republic of Serbia, a founding country of the United Nations, a country of freedom and justice. It is my honor to address you as President of the Republic of Serbia, the country on whose behalf I stand proudly before you today, a country that despite the current global challenges, consistently perseveres in defending the principles of the Charter of the United Nations and international law, and that through its activities and principled policy, strongly advocates the idea that is the main topic of this year’s session.

(05:27:08)
Ladies and gentlemen, when we talk about a current moment of this year, again, to my immense regret, I have to state that a situation in the world seems even more difficult and dark than a year ago. The tensions are growing and challenges are becoming more numerous and complex. What worries me the most is that despite our declaratory efforts for peace, development, and prosperity of humanity, there is no land in sight to this geopolitical nightmare. I would not like to see the wise words of the former President John Fitzgerald Kennedy becoming the words of a prophet, “Mankind must put an end to war, or war will put an end to mankind.” Today, mankind relies more on technology than it relies on mankind.

(05:27:56)
This year, we are once again talking about tragic conflicts and destruction that brings suffering and enormous human losses, as well as about a number of serious consequences that inevitably accompany armed conflicts. The Republic of Serbia and the Serbian people deeply sympathize and share the grief for all the lives lost in the conflicts happening around the world, including the tragic events in the Middle East and Ukraine.

(05:28:25)
It is unforgivable that today in the 21st century, we are talking about gruesome figures related to children who have died in conflicts. It seems absolutely incredible, but the world is on the verge of nuclear disaster and nuclear holocaust. In a desire to win and destroy the other one step by step, we were getting closer to the verge of precipice and eventually we gather. We live in a world where no one listens to anyone. There are only our arguments and our truth while the other ones must disappear because they always endanger our or universally false values. We need to talk even when we disagree, we need to restore the eroded credibility and authority of the United Nations. And I need to say that’s why Serbia will strongly support the bigger presence of African country in the United Nations Security Council, and we believe that bigger African presence will mean a lot for the world’s peace.

(05:29:29)
We need to stop the practice of double standards being applied to restore faith in international law and the principles we all agreed on long ago. We must restore faith in peace. The only path that has no alternative. We owe that to every innocent victim anywhere in the world, to all the current and future generations. The future of the world in the next five or 25 years is a matter of our choice, but it is

Aleksandar Vučić (05:30:00):

… is also our responsibility. All of us that have gathered here from all over the world did that for we’d say noble, but first and foremost, for selfish reasons. Almost always the leaders from all and even the most powerful countries speak in front of you, allegedly addressing you, but actually addressing only their public and not caring substantially for the real concerns of the world today. I’m not very much different, but today I will not present to you only Serbia, the founder of the United Nations, it’s successes, it’s high growth rate because I have and I will have the opportunity to brag about the results we have achieved in my country. And by the way, I know that all of you here are not very much interested in the respective.

(05:30:49)
Today I will speak about how the collapse of the modern world had started, about when and how the UN Charter was discredited, and when we stopped believing in law and started appeasing the force. I will explain it to you on example of my country, to me the most beautiful country in the world, Serbia, how it was being destroyed and trampled on, and how today because of its tenacity and freedom-loving tradition, it is a small stone in the shoe of the big and powerful ones.

(05:31:23)
After the big victories that a better part of humanity won in the World War I and the World War II and Serbs as the nation suffered the biggest losses proportionally to its size in the Great War as well as in the World War II, where they were one of the few nations in the southeast Europe that had confronted the Nazis from the very beginning. And that is why Belgrade as a capital of Serbia was perhaps the only city that was brutally bombed and devastated already at the beginning of 1941. We Serbs were not, unlike the others, welcoming Nazi tanks with flowers and we paid a high price for that. Nevertheless, neither crying nor laments from the distant past nor the self-victimization are the subject of my speech today.

(05:32:07)
I would like to warn you, dear friends, of what had happened to Serbia, a precedent that is being used and abused in different parts of the world, to warn you of the Pandora’s box that was open neither two nor five years ago, but much before, and that everybody is so loudly silent about. The absolute dominance of the western capitalist way of manufacturing, its science and technology supremacy, convincing victory against the Eastern contender, Soviet Union first of all, within the framework of the third industrial revolution brought the world, some would say, to the end of history and complete hegemony of the Western ideas in all spheres of social life.

(05:32:48)
Apart from, of course, good things it had brought to the mankind, such a dominance of non-existence of balance and political multilateralism destroyed at the same time Soviet Union and Yugoslavia. Of course, it did not happen by accident by all means, it did not happen by itself, but it was helped by the decisive involvement of the Western Intelligence services which were supported by the national corrupted elite both in the Soviet Union and in Yugoslavia.

(05:33:17)
Why I’m mentioning all this? Because even today we heard from many that by attacking Ukraine, Pandora’s box was opened. The undermining of international law took place that it was the precedent not witnessed by Europe since the World War II. This is the utter untruth. Just to make things clear, Serbia supports the UN Charter, territorial integrity of Ukraine, and we did not question it for a moment, nor shall we. However, when the big leaders speak vigorously and ardently hear about a need for Ukrainian freedom, about observance of the UN and its Charter resolutions, I asked myself, why don’t they observe the UN Charter and resolution 1244 when it comes to the territorial integrity of Serbia, which in the strike of their own power in moments when they thought that they would violate the norms of international law the way they wanted, to the extent they wanted, and so long as they wanted? Because they had finally won against all the opponents, so it was possible for them to spill their rage upon one small nation, and to relentlessly rush towards violation of all norms and regulations, not even trying to provide some explanations.

(05:34:36)
That is why in 1999 here at the United Nations, they had tried to pass the decision on the attack and aggression against Serbia. And since the consent had not been reached, they had nevertheless taken the decision to attack, to bomb Serbia, and commit aggression because at that time they couldn’t care less about the UN Charter, its resolutions, and international law. There were uncontested power that did not ask anyone about anything, and they thought it would go on like that for hundreds of years. It was by accident that we, citizens of Serbia, were the one who paid a high price. It could have been anybody else. Thereby, it does not even occur to me to say that we were angels, and that there was no our responsibility in all that. But substantially, the destiny of one small nation with no right and justice applied was decided by the big and mighty Western powers.

(05:35:37)
It is interesting that first they helped tear apart the big Yugoslavia along the lines of internal communist borders. Interestingly, once they were finished with that, we thought it was the end, but there was no end. That is when they started with tearing Serbia, independent, democratic, and internationally recognized country member of the UN and the OSCE, and only Serbia. And today, please pay attention to it. They speak passionately about defense of alleged sovereignty of the states from secession and separatism until the next opportunity when secession and separatism will be justified by the alleged humanitarian disasters and everything else that they will never accept as an argument in some other cases.

(05:36:26)
And to give you the last example, dear representatives of the countries and nations worldwide. In this paper that I’m holding in my hand, it is written that except for the forces under the control of the United Nations, in this moment, those are KFOR, NATO forces with which we have fair cooperation, no one can have armed forces in the territory of Kosovo and Metohija, which is in adherence with the resolution 1244, part of Serbia. And those who committed the aggression against Serbia, who tried to separate a part of its territory, still try convincing us that it is the only democratic and reasonable solution to secede Kosovo and Metohija from Serbia, and they have been providing arms on a daily basis to that what is today called the so-called Kosovo Security Forces and what will already tomorrow become armed forces of Albanians in the territory of Serbia.

(05:37:26)
And when you ask them, when we ask them in accordance to which international document you do that? Because all that is the attempt to provoke a war violation of the UN norms and then like a fig leaf, you get a stupid as possible answer in the world. “Well, we do not accept the UN Charter and the UN resolution because for us, the situation is changed because we recognized the independence of Kosovo 15 years ago. And what is their message to us, my dear friends? Their message is, “We are the power. We are God, we don’t care about United Nations, the law of the United Nations and UN resolution. We can do whatever we want, the way we want, and as long as we want.”

(05:38:09)
And now I’m asking you, dear friends, dear representatives, not the ones of obedient and satellite puppet countries, but you, freedom-loving nations and countries, what we as a small country can do. How can we fight? Because everybody in the world speaks about Ukraine. No one dares to speak about Serbia. And even if they do, they say how we will start the war in the Balkans upon the Russian order. And they have been lying all the time for more than two and a half years. We are neither servants of Russia, nor the United States of America. We have our own politics and our own interests, and that is why I want to ask you something and tell you that the only hope, not only for my country, which I love more than anything in the world, but also for your countries, to understand well the mechanisms of lies, the mechanisms of fraud in international relations, and to try to gather here in the most important organization, to try to change it, to try to respect it because it is the only way to preserve peace.

(05:39:13)
This way, the world is on the verge of disaster and everyone is allegedly defending principles. No one admits any mistakes, and it is clear to everybody that there are no principles anywhere, nor anybody has them. Neither ones nor the others, only the small ones that have nowhere else to go, and the principles are the only thing they can grasp. And the only thing that has left to the big ones once that have crushed all the small ones is to eat each other. And when the bite is no longer so easy and small, it is then that they remember the principles and accuse the others for violating those same principles.

(05:39:52)
A representative of my country, Vladislav Jovanović, exceptional Serbian diplomat, very respected one, on that 24th of March 1999 when the aggression against Serbia started in the Security Council of the United Nations on behalf of the government of the then federal Republic of Yugoslavia made an urgent appeal to all countries to categorically oppose to aggression against our country. And just hear his words 24, 25 years after. “If the aggression is not stopped, the precedent of such unpunished aggression will sooner or later lead to aggression against a number of other smaller and medium-sized countries. The real question is which country is next?”

(05:40:36)
You could have heard today several proposals which country would be the next. Let me quote this time the Nobel Prize winner and the former President of the United States, Barack Obama. He said, “Peace is not merely the absence of visible conflict. It is the presence of justice, freedom, and opportunity for everyone. The unreasonable nature of the policy pursued by Pristina, so-called Kosovo authorities, the fanaticism and the persecution of everything Serbian in Kosovo and Metohija is reflected in a series of disturbing moves. From the ban on payments in the Serbian currency, dinar in Kosovo and Metohija, which has lasted for more than six months, and the ban on postal services, which is unique in the world even for conflict areas and which endangers the daily life of Serbs and other non-Albanian population, up to the ban on the visit of the head of the Serbian Orthodox Church, Porfirije, to the Patriarchate of Peć.

(05:41:35)
Can the intrusion of the armed special so-called Kosovo police on 9th of September into the premises of the Support Me association made up of parents and children with developmental disabilities be described as anything other than brutally and cruelty as well as insanity? “Real and lasting peace can be reached only by justice and respect for human rights,” Nelson Mandela said. And how can there be peace in Kosovo if the legal order and fundamental rights of one entire nation are being systematically undermined?

(05:42:09)
After everything the aforesaid, the key question today is what is the path for Serbia and how can we resolve this situation? First and foremost, Serbia is on its European path, and it sincerely wants to be a part of the European Union. Serbia’s economy is the most successful economy today in the entire Western Balkans region. But even today, the very same EU we strive to makes it clear to us through the statement of its spokesperson Peter Stano, that he does not observe principles based on the UN Charter and not even the decisions of their own European Council, by supporting the independence of the so-called Kosovo because that is the interest of the biggest and most powerful ones in the European continent.

(05:42:54)
Serbia is a small country which cannot compete with the big powers, and we are fully aware of that. But nevertheless, we are obliged to ourselves and to our people, but also to all the friends in the world, and that obligation is not to lie to anyone, but to tell the truth to everybody. Since all these big ones are interested neither in law nor in truth, there is nothing left to small but proud Serbia, but to be dedicated and committed to its economic progress, accelerated growth, new technologies and innovation, to look towards the future and to wait for the moment when the principles of international law observance will be brought back to the world’s political stage.

(05:43:36)
We will remain committed to the dialogue with Pristina and under the auspices of the EU, and we will fight to preserve peace. There is only one thing that we will never give to anyone. That is freedom and independence of Serbia. As the President of Serbia, I believe in world based on real and not false values, and I believe that the strength of the developing countries, all of us who have raised our heads and who dare to say the truth will be a foundation of a new, different, and a better world. I thank you very much.

Speaker 27 (05:44:15):

On behalf of the Assembly, I wish to thank the President of the Republic of Serbia. The Assembly will hear an address by His Excellency João Manuel Gonçalves Lourenço, President of the Republic of Angola. I request protocol to escort His Excellency and invite him to address the Assembly.

João Manuel Gonçalves Lourenço (05:44:59):

Your Excellency, Philémon Yang, President of the 79th Session of the United Nations General Assembly, Your Excellency António Guterres, Secretary-General of the United Nations, distinguished heads of state and government, heads of delegation, ladies and gentlemen, it is with very special sense of honor that I address Your Excellencies and all participants in the 79th Session of the United Nations General Assembly, which is taking place within a very international worrying context, where international relations, the tensions are worsening due to the prevailing multiple conflicts of different nature and intensity in various parts of our planet.

(05:45:57)
It is understandable that in face of such a high level of instability and insecurity, it would be much more difficult to attain the major sustainable development goals and other goals that we set by this organization with a view to achieving all the targets that we have set for ourselves. Allow me to extend special greeting to His Excellency Philémon Yang on his election as the president of the 79th Session of the General Assembly, which is of a special significance for the entire African continent and for his country, the Republic of Cameroon as the duties he has performed there with proven dedication and efficiency put him in a position to successfully guide the proceedings of this session. Allow me to extend my sincere best wishes of success in this position, convinced that his commitment will make an important contribution to strengthening the role of our organization as a decisive and replaceable player in global governance.

(05:47:18)
I also want to congratulate the outgoing President, His Excellency Dennis Francis to whom I address a word of great appreciation for the way he has performed his duties and for results he has achieved during his term of office. I also would like to praise and commend Mr. António Guterres, the Secretary-General of United Nations, for his great dedication to our common goals of building a world of peace, security, harmony, and concord, development and equal opportunities for all. We value match his work even more as it is being carried out within a complex global context full of challenges and threats that he has managed to deal with pragmatism, responsibility, and great wisdom and courage.

(05:48:16)
Excellencies, since the founding of the United Nations after the end of the Second World War, the people of our planet have longed for peaceful coexistence on a global scale, believing that episodes that could jeopardize universal harmony, peace, security, would be subject of careful attention and preventive measures taken within our organization so that they would not degenerate into conflicts and wars that would revive the distressing moments experiences during the period from 1939 to 1945.

(05:49:05)
After almost eight decades, what we objectively can observe today is that not only has this perspective not been realized, but we seem to be moving away from the founding purposes of the United Nations. In view of this reality, we need to see where we have failed, and what collective measures we should take to make the United Nations more active and effective in seeking solutions that contribute to preventing conflicts, strengthening global peace and security, boosting international trade and cooperation, and ensure the prosperity of our nations, and well-being of the peoples of our planet.

(05:50:04)
Today we are witnessing an attempt to undermine, ignore, or even to replace the role and importance of the United Nations in resolving the major issues that afflict humanity, particularly those related to universal peace and security. In this context, there is no more appropriate stage other than this august assembly to reverse this reality, and to accept the urgent need to reform this institution with a special emphasis on adapting the Security Council to realities of the contemporary world.

(05:50:51)
Its current format and composition still reflects the post-war reality that has been largely overtaken by time and development in other regions of planet, many of which were colonized countries that are now independent member countries of the United Nations. The reform of the United Nations Security Council and the international financial institutions that emerged from Brenton Woods seems to be urgent and pressing in order to give voice to the countries of global south, namely Africa, Latin America, the Middle East, and the Indian subcontinent. The imperative of multilateralism must prevail as the only framework truly capable of safeguarding the common interest of all humanity within which we must reaffirm our resolute commitment to diplomacy, inclusive dialogue, and the use of peaceful means to resolving conflicts.

(05:52:07)
It is within this spirit that the Republic of Angola is deeply committed to the process of seeking solutions to conflicts in Africa. Notably, the greatest efforts at this moment is focused on the conflict prevailing in east Democratic Republic of the Congo without neglecting those occurring in Sudan and in the Sahel region. As part of the Luanda Process, a ceasefire was reached in the eastern DRC, which came into force on 4th August this year. In order to consolidate the gains achieved, a draft peace agreement was put on the table by the Republic of Angola involving the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Rwanda. The terms of the said agreement have been discussed by the parties at ministerial level with the aim of reaching an understanding that would give rise to holding of a summit meeting to seal the signing of the final peace agreement and re-establishment of relations between the DRC and Rwanda.

(05:53:33)
We are very concerned about the situation prevailing in Sudan, where a violent war is being waged with dramatic humanitarian consequences. Despite a certain apathy of the international community, which must seek to combine its efforts and act in coordination with the African Union to promote and achieve a long- lasting piece. We are using the experience gained by Angola in resolving its internal conflict, which after several decades was definitively resolved through inclusive dialogue between the warring parties to benefit peace in Africa. We have learned from our own conflict that there is no peace without dialogue, and no peace with our trade-offs on both parties. This is a path that cannot be neglected in the context of all efforts to be developed, but to resolve the serious security crisis that the world is currently facing.

(05:54:49)
Russia’s war against Ukraine has seriously and profoundly shaken Europe’s stability and the security with strong repercussions to the rest of the world in terms of economic stability and food and energy security. We have witnessed a continuous escalation of that conflict, which has been escalating in a worrying manner with devastating effects on the internal situation of the warring countries due to the use of increasingly lethal weapons without these heralding any prospect of solution to that intricate problem.

(05:55:35)
Despite the increasingly sophisticated military and other means being used in the theater of operations, no military victory is in sight in this war, which is likely to spread to the rest of Europe unless a negotiated solution is found based on compliance with the principle of the United Nations, which safeguard the sovereignty of states, the indivisibility and territorial integrity of the countries. Failure to upholding the principles of the United Nations Charter is a root cause of many of the problems and tensions that are proliferating throughout our planet, where particular geopolitical interests and ambitions contrary to the values advocated by the international community often affect the security and stability of entire regions of our planet.

(05:56:44)
In the Middle East, we have witnessed and condemned the killing and kidnapping of defenseless Israeli civilians on the 7th October last year. As a result of that, although Israel has the right to protect its territory to guarantee the safety of its citizens, and to seek to rescue the hostages whose whereabouts are still unknown, it should do everything it can to prevent the genocide that the world is witnessing live in Gaza Strip and the attacks on settlements and expansion of settlements in the West Bank.

(05:57:26)
In that conflict, the main victims are defenseless and vulnerable human beings, namely children, women, the elderly, and sick, who are killed indiscriminately, not only by the air and artillery bombs, but also because they are deprived by force of arms from accessing and supplying the most basic rights such as access to food, drinking water, medicine, housing, and medical and pharmaceutical assistance, and destruction of the main infrastructures such as schools, hospitals, houses, energy, and others.

(05:58:12)
We are witnessing the death of alarming numbers of journalists from international networks, UN employees, and workers from international humanitarian organizations, which is unacceptable and condemnable. We cannot continue to allow that in just 11 months in a small territory without escape, nearly 43,000 people have been killed and that their perpetrators have not been held accountable by the international community. The international community cannot be indifferent to the situation that threatens the existence of the Palestinian people, who have the same right to leaving peace and security in the territory of their ancestors such as the Jewish people.

(05:59:08)
We are concerned about the spread of the conflict to other countries because it threatens peace and security throughout the Middle East, and opens up the dangerous possibility of direct involvement of the major world powers, and thus render the conflict into a world one with all possible consequences on a global scale. We are faced with the fact that once again highlights the role of United Nations, its decisions and resolutions, which if strictly and rigorously upheld, would resolve the impasse surrounding the creation of the sovereign state of Palestine, the only way to put a definitive end to problem that the Middle East has been facing for decades.

(06:00:04)
I would like to take this opportunity to once again call for an end to the embargo against Cuba and the sanctions on Zimbabwe, the current chair of our regional economic community, the SADC, because they are unjust and inhuman as they increase the suffering of their people and greatly hinder the economic and social development of those countries. Excellencies, as a part of the collective efforts undertaken by the nations of our planet to consolidate peace, African countries have been increasingly sought to contribute effectively to the United Nations missions aimed at bringing stabilities to countries and regions in conflict. Such peace operations are often not carried out within the timeframe and effectiveness required due to financial constraints faced by the country’s willing to participate. Fortunately, this situation seems to have eventually been overcome at Security Council representing a decisive step towards strengthening and operability and effectiveness of the African Union-led peace-building missions, which now has a financing mechanism more suitable to aid operations. I warmly welcome these developments, especially because Africa wants to be increasingly present, not only in the discussion, but also in the decision-making and resolution process of major global issues.

(06:02:02)
Excellencies, we intend to be part of the construction of a new international financial architecture within which a close collaboration among states is essential with a view to effectively fight the illicit flow of capital and the recovery of assets, which is often difficult for the countries that hold the funds under their control even without a plausible justification. It’s important to note that funds that come from asset recovery processes have a direct impact on the implementation of sustainable development goals and consequently, on improving the general living conditions of our populations. Angola has made significant progress in the fight against corruption with specific cases of citizens

João Lourenço (06:03:00):

Since who have been tried and convicted, who saw the assets forfeited in favor of the state by virtue of sentences handed down in courts and confirmed by the competent courts of appeal. As regard asset recovery, we have had two successful cases in which we countered with highly responsible attitude and respect for our sovereignty by the United Kingdom authorities who have returned to Angola $2.5 billion that were sitting in a bank in London. It is befitting to acknowledge this fact publicly from this world forum.

(06:03:48)
Unfortunately, not all countries that agreed to accept these proceeds from corruption without questioning their origin at the time today, respect the rulings of our courts which are binding. Some of these countries even claim the right to question the credibility of our courts, almost wanting to review the sentences issued by courts as if they were extraterritorial appeal bodies. These assets are the property of our states already impoverished during the colonial period. We will therefore continue to fight with all our strength to recover the assets that were embezzled from public treasury that are sorely needed for the construction of infrastructure such as school, hospital, energy and water facilities, roads, amongst others.

(06:04:54)
Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, the Republic of Angola advocates for the urgent implementation of reforms that will lead to a fair representation of African countries within the main international financial institutions, in order to stand for the decision making and development of policies that have impact on the daily life of the populations of the consent countries. We are firmly committed to leaving no one behind, acting together to promote peace, sustainable development, and human dignity for present and future generations. In line with this motto of 79th session, we must mobilize efforts, capabilities, and all resources at our disposal to promote policies, measures, and programs that make it possible to materialize the intentions contained therein.

(06:06:05)
Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, the Republic of Angola is making a great effort to put the country on the path of progress and development, based on policies that establish priorities contained in the national development plan whose main pillars are economy diversification, public tax reduction, mobilization of domestic revenues, optimization of public expenditures in priority sectors such as health and education, and implementation of special social protection schemes. The tasks that we have proposed to carry out in the areas that I have just mentioned are complex. They require time and sufficiently qualified human resources to carry them out successfully. But despite this situation, we are making encouraging progresses whose benefits will be felt over time.

(06:07:14)
Among the successful initiatives, I would like to mention the construction of water transfer systems to areas severely affected by droughts in the south of Angola where poverty and misery are paving the way for a prospect of prosperity and a more dignified life for the population who can now count on water available in sufficient quantities to transform arid zones into areas for cultural production and livestock farming, without the previous risk that used to jeopardize human and animal survival. As part of the government of Angola’s action to improve the national social situation and create factors that boost the development of industrial agriculture, we have embarked on the path of electrification of the country in all its latitudes. We have invested in production of clean energies with construction of large hydropower plants and photovoltaic parks, meaning that 60% of the country’s energy metrics will be now coming from clean sources with a trend to phase out the thermal power plants still in operation over the next three years.

(06:08:44)
In terms of clean energy production, in addition to the more than 6,500 megawatts produced currently, we are building the Caculo Cabaça hydropower plant, which will produce more than 2000 megawatts. And will soon begin the construction of the country’s largest photovoltaic park with financing of $1.5 billion from the US Exim Bank to supply off-grid power to a considerable number of locations in the provinces of Huíla, Cunene, Namibe, and Cuando Cubango.

(06:09:25)
With this additional energy production project underway, our biggest focus at the moment is on public investment or public-private partnerships to build high and medium voltage transmission lines to the east and south of the country with a view to interconnect with the southern power grid to the east via Zambia and to the south via Namibia. We currently have a considerable supply of electricity production, which requires transmission and distribution networks to take it to potential beneficiaries in all parts of the country and also to the Southern African countries which need this resource for their development. Interested investors now have the opportunity to sell electricity, produce it in Angola to customers in the mining areas in the DRC and Zambia, as well as to southern countries in general with a focus on the largest industrial and domestic consumer, which is South Africa.

(06:10:43)
Angola is developing a number of initiatives that are part of the efforts to ensure the implementation of the international climate agenda with a focus on climate change mitigation and adaptation measures, always taking care to exploit our resources in a responsible manner in order to ensure the development and well-being of our populations. It is important to highlight that we’ve made a major public invest in Angola in the health sector throughout the country with the rapid construction of well-equipped hospital infrastructure at all three levels and with an ambitious training and recruitment program for health practitioners for our national health system.

(06:11:41)
Ladies and gentlemen, in the current times among the major priorities of the African continent is the issue of development based on trade promotion and justification, which is essential to build infrastructure that ensure connectivity among African countries, mobility of economic operators, and favor the free trade amongst all within the scope of the African Continental Free Trade Area.

(06:12:18)
Within this perspective, the Republic of Angola has established partnerships at international level to ensure the operationalization of the Benguela Railway, the mining and commercial port of Lobito within the framework of the major transnational transport and logistics project of the Lubito corridor, which will ensure the faster, safer and more competitively priced flow of minerals, agriculture, and industrial products produced in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Zambia, and Angola across the Atlantic Ocean to the rest of the world. This is a catalyst project that will change the economic landscape in Angola and in Southern Africa by allowing the emergence of a number of various enterprises along the Lubito corridor with direct impact on the economies of the southern sub-region of Africa and other regions of our continent.

(06:13:27)
Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, the Republic of Angola is a hospitable country open to the world and always ready to act as a proactive partner to help increase global cooperation in favor of the development and implementation of joint and complementary actions which help to respond to the permanent challenges in the fight against international terrorism and other threats to peace, world security and sustainable development. With improvement of the business environment in recent year, we are open to tourism and direct private investment virtually in all sectors of our economy that are of interest to investors.

(06:14:21)
You are welcome to Angola and thank you very much for your attention.

Speaker 28 (06:14:33):

On behalf of the Assembly, I wish to thank the president of the Republic of Angola. We have heard the last speaker in the general debate for this meeting. The eight plenary meeting to continue with the general debate will be held immediately following the adjournment of this meeting. The meeting is adjourned.

(06:14:59)
The eighth plenary meeting of the General Assembly is called to order. The Assembly will hear an address by his Excellency, Mohammed Ould Cheikh Ghazouani, president of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania. I request protocol to escort his Excellency and invite him to address the Assembly.

Mohammed Ould Cheikh Ghazouani (06:15:41):

In the name of God the most Gracious, the most merciful, may the peace and blessings of God be upon the most noble of prophets. Mr. President, your Majesties, Excellencies, and Highnesses, Mr. Secretary-General of the United Nations, ladies and gentlemen. I would like to begin by extending my warmest congratulations to his Excellency Philémon Yang on his presidency of the 79th session of the United Nations General Assembly, wishing him every success at the head of the General Assembly. I would also like to congratulate his Excellency Mr. Dennis Francis on his great wisdom in managing the work of the 78th session of the General Assembly. Allow me also to express my great appreciation for the efforts made by Mr. Antonio Guterres, the secretary-general of the United Nations to develop our organization and to enhance its role as an effective institutional expression of our collective will to address the various challenges facing our world on the path of comprehensive, sustainable development.

(06:17:06)
Your Majesties, Excellencies, Highnesses, ladies and gentlemen, the theme of this session, leaving no one behind, acting together for the advancement of peace, sustainable development and human dignity for present and future generations, powerfully and clearly encapsulates the goals and objectives of the Charter of the United Nations. At the same time, translates the depth of our collective awareness of the need to enhance our cooperation and coordinate our efforts to address the existing challenges. What the world has been through and what it is currently going through in terms of violent crises and unprecedented shocks at every level has greatly weakened our individual and collective ability to fulfill our common commitments in the context of the 2030 agenda.

(06:18:08)
The current international situation is having a very negative impact on efforts to achieve sustainable development, especially on the African continent, which already suffers from structural and circumstantial imbalances and obstacles that hinder its development efforts and slow down its progress towards achieving the 2030 agenda of the United Nations and the 2063 agenda of the African Union. Our continent continues to suffer from poverty, vulnerability, unemployment, weak health and education systems in terms of quality and inclusiveness, not to mention the spread of terrorism, armed conflicts and the devastating effects of climate change.

(06:18:53)
This bleak outlook in Africa very strongly confirms the urgent need to alleviate the enormous debt burden of African countries and correct the obvious imbalances in the development assistance system and in international governance, both political and financial, and to strengthen multilateral cooperation in general. This could bring the continent towards economic growth in a way that doubles the effectiveness or to redouble efforts to fulfill the commitments made by countries vis-a-vis the 2030 agenda and the international community.

(06:19:37)
In the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, and in accordance with its commitments, we have made achieving the sustainable development goals a central objective towards which all of our public policies converge. We have been able to improve many of the sustainable development goal indicators and that is reflected in our improved ranking among countries in the United Nations report on sustainable development 2024. This improvement is the result of intensive efforts aimed at enshrining the rule of law, strong institutions, promoting democracy and individual and collective freedoms, the use of dialogue and consultation as a permanent method for managing public affairs, support for the independence of the judiciary, transparency, combating corruption and bribery in administrative or financial terms. Our continuous efforts to protect and promote human rights as well, take the form of our fight against the remnants of modern slavery, human trafficking, protecting the rights of women and children combating irregular migration and cross-border crime.

(06:21:12)
In addition, we have been able to achieve security and stability despite the prevailing situation in our region and internationally. Indeed, violence and terrorism are reigning as well as political and social crises, but through the help of God and with our national integrated security strategy, we have been able to achieve this. Likewise, we have given great attention to the role of young people in the advancement of countries and advancing growth. We are focusing on developing plans and strategies that guarantee that young people have education qualifications, are integrated into active life, and strengthening their presence in various areas of public life. All of the above has played a positive role in consolidating our national unity and strengthening our social cohesion. To do this, we have made intense efforts to eliminate various forms of exclusion, injustice, and vulnerability. To do this, we have built a vast and varied social safety net that aims to alleviate the burden of the constraints and hazards of daily life on the poorest and to enhance their ability to withstand these vicissitudes and to access all public services. We have also launched a promising reform process for our education system, in the aim of establishing a Republican school that embodies the values of equality and fairness, and that guarantees that everyone in the same conditions can have high quality education that will be a lever for social advancement.

(06:22:47)
In parallel, we have redoubled our efforts to expand and improve the scope of health services that we offer to our population and to ensure access to medicines. We have created a health insurance system for citizens not covered by traditional insurance programs. In addition, we are providing some basic medical services free of charge, especially for mothers, older persons and persons with disabilities.

(06:23:23)
We are aware of the negative repercussions of climate change and environmental challenges in general on our planet, the economy, society, and political and security implications, particularly in the African continent and the Sahel in particular, we have worked to reduce our carbon emissions by 11% and to raise the share of renewable energy in our total energy mix to 50% by 2030. We intend to redouble our efforts in this area to adopt a green hydrogen development program.

(06:24:09)
In addition to our efforts to promote clean energy, which today covers 48% of our energy use. We are continuing our fight against desertification in the context of the Great Green Wall and the Joint Committee to Combat the effects of Desertification in the Sahel. In this context, I would like to applaud the outcomes of COP28, which was hosted by the United Arab Emirates at the end of last year. I would like to hope that these environmental gains will be strengthened during the upcoming session, which will be hosted by Azerbaijan this year. We are hopeful that industrialized countries will respect their commitments to reduce their emissions and fulfill their pledges from the Paris Summit.

(06:25:21)
Majesties, Excellencies, Highnesses, ladies and gentlemen, we are deeply convinced in the Islamic Republic of Mauritania… We are deeply convinced in the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, that the effectiveness of cooperation between states depends on relationships based on friendship, trust, and mutual respect. Therefore, our foreign policy is based on non-interference in the internal affairs of states, strengthening cooperation and friendship, the maintenance of international peace and security, and supporting just causes based on international law, the Charter of the United Nations, the African Union, the League of Arab States, and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation.

(06:26:33)
For that reason, we would like to reiterate the following. Our strong condemnation of the war of genocide practiced by Israel against the defenseless Palestinian people in flagrant violation of international law and international humanitarian law. We demand the immediate end of this war and we reiterate our commitment to the right of the Palestinian people to dignity and sovereignty within the framework of an independent state with East Jerusalem as its capital, as provided for in the Arab Peace Initiative and relevant international resolutions. Our condemnation of the current Israeli attacks on Lebanon and our demand that they end immediately. Our call to find a solution that preserves the unity and sovereignty of the Libyan state and our commitment to supporting African efforts and international efforts in this regard. Our support for the security and stability of brotherly Sudan and its sovereignty and territorial integrity, as well as our call to ensure that dialogue and reason prevail to resolve the outstanding issues leading to an immediate end to the war, ending the humanitarian suffering of the brotherly Sudanese people and ensuring respect for international humanitarian law.

(06:27:51)
Our commitment to serious efforts to achieve a political solution that preserves the unity of the Syrian Arab Republic, its independence, the dignity of its people and their right to live in peace and security. Our support for the brotherly Yemeni people and our call for peaceful solutions in accordance with Arab initiatives and the relevant international resolutions. Our firm position on the conflict in Western Sahara and our support for the efforts of the United Nations and all relevant security council resolutions aimed at finding a lasting solution that is acceptable for everyone. Our concern about the continuation of the Russian-Ukrainian war and our demand that a solution be found that ends the war and takes into account the concerns of both parties in accordance with international law and the United Nations Charter, thus sparing the region and the world for the tragedy and destruction.

(06:28:49)
Your Majesties, Highnesses, and Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, the Summit of the Future, which concluded its work yesterday, revealed how aware we are of our collective responsibility towards our common future. Through what was adopted in terms of measures and plans, the summit confirmed that we are still able to make this future one of security, peace, prosperity, comprehensive sustainable development, that will not exclude any people or country. Let us therefore strengthen mutual trust, intensify our multilateral cooperation and accelerate the reform of international political and financial governance rules so that they are more just more balanced and more equitable, and then, God willing, we will be able to save our planet from perdition and secure a bright future for current and future generations. Thank you.

Speaker 28 (06:30:01):

On behalf of the Assembly, I wish to thank the president of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania. The Assembly will hear and address by his Excellency Sadyr Japarov, president of the Kyrgyz Republic. I request protocol to escort his Excellency and invite him to address the Assembly.

Sadyr Japarov (06:30:36):

Mr. Secretary-General, Mr. President, distinguished heads of delegations, ladies and gentlemen, I extend my congratulations to the African nations and the esteemed Mr. Philémon Yang on being elected as the president of 79th session of the UN General Assembly. I wish you success and assure you that Kyrgyzstan will provide full support to your presidency in the interests of peace and sustainable development. I also express my gratitude to the esteemed Mr. Dennis Francis for his active work as president of the 78th session. On behalf of the Kyrgyz Republic, I reaffirm our commitment to international law, the principles and provisions of the UN Charter, and express our full support for the organization’s efforts to ensure international security, address global social, economic, and climate challenges, and protect human rights and freedoms.

(06:31:39)
The modern global challenges such as the climate crisis, food security threats, and growing inequality require the united efforts of the international community. In this turbulent period, I urge all states to continue supporting the UN in its core mission, ensuring peace and preventing contemporary risks and threats. Now, more than ever, this support is crucial. I hope that under the leadership of secretary-general, Mr. Antonia Guterres, and with the active backing of member states, our organization will be able to effectively fulfill its functions and assist nations in addressing pressing global issues. Ladies and gentlemen, we live in a world that is becoming increasingly unpredictable and complex with each passing year. We are facing unprecedented challenges, global climate catastrophe, economic inequality that divides nations and continents, and of course conflicts that shatter hopes for a peaceful future.

(06:32:49)
At this time, we are witnessing global military expenditures increasing each year, while poor and vulnerable states lack the resources needed for their development and survival. I would like to draw your attention to two conflicting realities of our time. The first reality is the limitless spending on military needs. According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, global military expenditures increased by 6.8% in 2023, reaching a record $2.5 trillion or 2.3 of global GDP. This is the highest figures in decades. Leading powers are allocating vast resources to building and developing armed forces, expanding arsenals, and creating new, more destructive weapons. Unfortunately, this is happening in a world where many countries and people still lack access to basic services such as water, healthcare, and education. It would be far better if the money spent on war, destruction, and death, were redirected towards creation or addressing global challenges for the benefit of all humanity, helping countries combat climate change and prevent mass migration. Military expenditures and armed conflicts are having devastating impact on many countries, exacerbating poverty and inequality. Conflicts and armed clashes have led to the destruction of infrastructure, a decline in living standards and mass migration, creating a vicious cycle of poverty and instability. While some countries are increasing their military budgets, many of those in need of the system are losing the opportunity for a normal life.

(06:34:53)
The second reality is the lack of progress in providing aid to poor and vulnerable states. We all know the economic inequality is on the rise. World leaders have been speaking for decades about the need of eradicating poverty, but they lack the will to follow through. Countries in Africa, South Asia and Latin America continue to face chronic underfunding, a lack of support from the international community and systemic economic crisis that cannot be solved by individual states alone. The countries at the lowest economic levels are in dire need of investments in healthcare, education, infrastructure, and the fight against climate change. Yet amidst the rapid increase in military spending assistance to these nations remains insufficient. Humanitarian aid and development as system programs often face financial shortages.

Speaker 29 (06:36:00):

… While these resources are being used for purchase of weapons and the conduct of military operations. Instead of decreasing inequality between the nations, it is deepening. The world is now faced with a critical choice. We can either choose to increase security through the expansion of armed forces, or we can pursue sustainable development aimed at eradicating poverty and supporting the most vulnerable. If the resources spent on military expenditures were instead invested in providing access to clean water, educating children in developing countries, combating hunger, or addressing climate change, it would make a significant difference. To achieve progress, a joint effort between the wealthy and needy countries is essential. Firstly, developed nations must not only increase financial aid to those in need, but also focus on targeted infrastructure and social development projects. Secondly, the countries in need must actively participate in international sustainable development initiatives and commit to using resources effectively, rather than scattering them without direction.

(06:37:25)
Thirdly, it is crucial to transfer modern technologies from wealthy countries to those in need. This would enable struggling nations to develop their economies independently and reduce dependence on external aid. Today we observe that geopolitical conflicts require not only increase in defense spending, but more importantly, the necessity of international cooperation for their resolution. If the global community can unite its efforts to fairly distribute resources, assist vulnerable countries, and address the root causes of armed conflicts, we can build a safer and more prosperous world. If we begin to invest in people instead of war, in education, healthcare, and sustainable development instead of weaponry, we can undoubtedly create a flourishing world.

(06:38:24)
The time has come to rethink global security priorities. Security is not merely about powerful armies and weapons of mass destruction. True security is achieved through trust, equality, and the prosperity of nations. By investing in the future of poor countries, helping them to combat poverty and providing opportunities for sustainable growth, we can create a more stable and secure world. In this context, I believe it is important and fair for the global community to pay greater attention to the issues of sustainable development in the global south and to advocate for themselves interests of, first and foremost, least developed countries, landlocked developed countries, and small island developing countries.

(06:39:18)
Dear colleagues, one of the most dangerous challenges threatening the very existence of our planet is climate change, which is worsening daily and affecting virtually all countries and people around the world. The rapid melting of glaciers and increase in natural disasters and the reduction of water resources in mountainous ecosystems raise deep concerns. These negative consequences threaten the lives of local communities, contribute to rising poverty levels, deteriorate infrastructure, and cause significant harm to the economies of nations.

(06:39:59)
Kyrgyzstan faces a triple challenge, the need for investment in development, their reduction of poverty, and adaptation to climate change in order to achieve carbon neutrality. Each of these areas requires specialized funding, particularly in the context of ensuring climate resilience for our country and vulnerable communities. We are determined to work together with our partners to achieve success. Kyrgyzstan proposes to strengthen and widely promote the depth for green economy exchange mechanism. We believe this will help developing and less developed countries collectively combat climate change. Kyrgyzstan supports the view of the UN Secretary General on the need to reform the international financial architecture and reduce the debt burden of developing countries. We also propose a mechanism to replace external debt with projects aimed at climate and sustainable development, and we are working to establish a climate trust fund to finance environmental projects in mountainous regions. The Kyrgyz Republic pays special attention to climate issues in implementing its national policy, and based on the principles of green development has set an ambitious goal of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050. Over 90% of our energy is produced primarily by hydropower plants, which are the main drivers towards achieving net zero emissions. Our country has extensive opportunities to integrate renewable energy sources into various sectors of economy, develop electric transport infrastructure, promote sustainable agriculture, and enhance ecotourism. We are actively taking measures to encourage the use of electric vehicles and improve the energy efficiency of buildings. I would like to provide just one example of our commitment to building a green future. Projects such as Neo Masdar City, Western Harbor, and Solar Valley that are focused on sustainable development are being implemented and successfully developed. The dreams of the people in these countries have come true and serve as an example for us as well.

(06:42:29)
We have begun constructing the modern and innovative city of Asman on the shores of Lake Issyk Kul. Next year we will start building the city of Kemin. We are striving to create green cities that will serve as a model for other regions of our country, helping to preserve the natural environment for future generations. I firmly believe that this city will become an economic trade, cultural, tourist hub, as well as center for innovation and new technologies. Central Asia is becoming an important region in terms of global security and the world economy. Kyrgyzstan together with its neighboring states continues to work on the sustainable development of the region. Together with Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, we are building the Kambarata-1 hydropower station, which will meet the region’s energy and water needs. We are also participating in the construction of China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan Railway, which will enhance trade and transport cooperation and connect the east and west of the continent.

(06:43:37)
Ladies and gentlemen, the future of our world depends on the path we choose. We should not increase military spending, leading to further escalation of conflicts and disasters. Instead, we must direct our efforts towards building a just, safe, and prosperous world for all. Our choice today will determine what tomorrow will be like for our future generations. We all need to ease international tensions. The Kyrgyz Republic is ready to support the efforts of UN General Assembly and Security Council aimed at establishing a stable world and achieving sustainable development goals, as well as to contribute to the international community’s joint efforts to address global challenges and threats. At the same time, we propose our candidacy for non-permanent membership in the UN Security Council for the years 2027, 2028. As a country that has never been elected, Kyrgyz Republic hopes for your support in the elections scheduled to take place in New York City in June 2026. If elected, Kyrgyzstan will continue work towards enhancing the effectiveness and transparency of the Council’s operations, as well as expanding its composition with consideration for balanced regional representation. The time has come to rectify the under-representation of African countries in Security Council and to eliminate historical injustice, such as the fact that including Kyrgyzstan, 60 member states have never been elected to the Security Council. At the Futures Summit, UN member states reaffirmed the importance of the sustainable development goals and the need for their full implementation. Kyrgyzstan remains committed to the Global 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and our achievements confirm our firm intention to achieve the goals, taking into consideration national priorities and financial capabilities.

(06:45:52)
The UN sustainable development goals are integrated into national development strategy of Kyrgyzstan until 2040, which creates opportunities for sustainable economic and social development, digitalization, entrepreneurship, as well as the introduction of innovative and environmentally friendly technologies for current and future generations. On July 22nd of this year we adopted the law on protection of rights and funds of private entrepreneurs and foreign investors. This law defines the necessary measures for protecting investors in business activities. It also provides punitive measures against the relevant state officials for illegally and unjustly refusing state registration, illegally and unjustly denying the issuance of a license, and unjustly and unlawfully restricting business activities, unjustly and unlawfully interfering with the activities of investors and private entrepreneurs. Severe penalties are imposed for the aforementioned violations. These include imprisonment for two to five years, confiscation of property, or large fines. Next year our country will present its national voluntary review on the implementation of the SDGs. We are ready to share our experience, discuss the results achieved, and continue striving to be among the 30 countries in the world in implementing SDGs by 2030. As a mountainous country, Kyrgyzstan has drawn global attention to the challenges of sustainable development in mountainous regions since the 2000s. Through our initiative and with broad support from mountainous countries, the five-year Action for Development of Mountain Regions program is being implemented for 2023 until 2027. I invite all nations to actively participate in this program. I also invite you to take part in the second Global Mountain Summit Bishkek Plus 25 in 2027, where the results of the five years of Mountain Regions Initiative will be summarized. In addition, we are promoting the initiative to include the global dialogue on mountains and climate in the UN annual climate change conference agenda.

(06:48:24)
Kyrgyzstan is actively working to protect the snow leopard, a symbol of long- term sustainable development in the region. In December 2023, the snow leopard was recognized as a national symbol of Kyrgyzstan. Together with 11 other countries within its habitat, we are working to protect this unique animal. In this regard, I am proud to announce that a resolution to declare International Snow Leopard Day will be introduced to the UN General Assembly, and I urge all nations to support this initiative. The inhabitants of mountainous regions face daily challenges such as water shortages, food insecurity, poverty, and lack of access to basic services. This country should not be left alone with their problems. We call on global community to take active steps to address these issues.

(06:49:18)
Dear colleagues, ladies and gentlemen, the time has come for the international community to build a new consensus based on trust and the interest of all nations. In conclusion, I would like to share the following words from Manas Epic, which embodies the profound depth of friendship, unity, and solidarity among people. “Let us unite our strength as one head from one shoulder and one hand from one sleeve. Where there is unity, there is prosperity.” Thank you very much for your attention.

Speaker 30 (06:49:57):

On behalf of the Assembly, I wish to thank the President of the Kyrgyz Republic. The Assembly will hear an address by his Excellency Javier Gerardo Milei, President of the Argentine Republic. I request protocol to escort his Excellency and invite him to address the Assembly.

Javier Gerardo Milei (Translator) (06:50:40):

To the authorities of the United Nations, representatives of the various member countries, and all of the citizens of the world that are watching us, good afternoon. For those of you who are not aware, I’m not a politician. I’m an economist. I’m a liberal libertarian economist who never aimed to be a politician, but who was honored to become the President of the Republic of Argentina following the resounding failure of more than a century of collectivist policies that destroyed our country. This is my first speech to the United Nations General Assembly, and I’d like to take this opportunity to humbly alert the different nations of the world about the path that we are moving down and have been for decades and about the danger of this organization failing, as it has been doing, in its original mission.

(06:51:33)
I haven’t come here to tell the world what it should be doing. I’ve come here to tell the world on the one hand what will happen if the United Nations continues to promote collectivist policies that it’s been promoting under the mantle of the 2030 agenda, and on the other hand the values of the new Argentina. I want to begin by giving credit where credit’s due. The United Nations was born out of the horror of the cruelest war in global history, and the main aim of it was to ensure that it never happened again. To do so, the organization engraved its fundamental principles in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. From that was born a basic agreement around one maxim, that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. Under the watch of this organization, the adoption of this and the adoption of these ideas over the last 70 years, humanity has experienced the longest period of global peace in history, which has coincided with the greatest period of economic growth in history.

(06:52:37)
It established an international forum in which nations can resolve their conflicts through cooperation rather than resorting instantaneously to weapons, and it achieved something previously unthinkable, to sit the five great powers of the world around one same table with the same veto power despite having completely counterposed interests. All of this didn’t mean that the scourge of war disappeared, but it did at least for now ensure that no conflict has escalated to global proportions. The result was that we moved from having two world wars in less than 40 years, which together claimed more than 120 million lives, to having 70 consecutive years of relative global peace and security, a stability under the mantle of an order which allowed the entire world to be integrated commercially, to compete, and to prosper. Because where trade enters, we don’t have bullets, said Bastia, because trade guarantees peace, peace guarantees, and freedom guarantees trade, and equality before the law guarantees freedom.

(06:53:47)
It managed to ensure what Prophet Isaiah said, that, “He will judge between the nations and will settle disputes for many peoples. They will beat their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruning hooks. Nation will not take up sword against nation, neither will they train for war any more.” This is what’s happened mainly under the watch of the United Nations in its first few decades. That’s why we are talking about an outstanding success in the history of nations that has been achieved by the United Nations, and it cannot be overlooked.

(06:54:17)
Now, at some time, and as often happens with the majority of bureaucratic structures that are created by men, this organization stopped looking after its main aims set out in its founding declaration and started to change. This was an organization that had essentially been thought up as a shield to protect the reign of men and became a leviathan with various tentacles purporting to decide not only what each nation state should do, but also how all the citizens in the world should live. That’s how we moved from being an organization that pursued peace to an organization that imposes an ideology on its members about an endless list of topics in society. The model of the United Nations that had been successful, the origin of which we can most see in the ideas of President Wilson who talked about the need for peace without victory, and that was founded out of cooperation from nation states, has been abandoned. It’s been replaced by a model of supranational government, of international bureaucrats that attempt to impose on citizens of the world a specific way of living.

(06:55:25)
What we’re discussing in New York this week at the Summit of the Future is nothing more than further down this tragic path, the tragic path that this institution has adopted, going further down this path, which in the very words of the Secretary General calls on us to define a new social contract redoubling our commitments in the 2030 agenda. On this I’d like to be clear about Argentina’s position. The 2030 agenda, although it’s well-intentioned in its goals, is nothing but a supranational government program that is socialist in shape. It purports to resolve the problems of modernity with solutions that afflict the sovereignty of nation states and violate the right to life, right to freedom, and property of persons. It’s an agenda that purports to resolve poverty, inequality, discrimination with legislation that simply furthers these issues. Because the history of the world has shown that the only way of guaranteeing prosperity is by limiting the power of the monarch, by guaranteeing equality before the law, defending the right to life, to freedom, and the ownership property of individuals.

(06:56:35)
The adoption of this agenda is fully in line with these privileged interests and looks beyond the principles that were set out in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. It has therefore twisted the role of this organization and set it on the wrong course. We’ve seen how an organization that was born to defend the rights of man has become one of the main proponents of systematic violations of freedom such as, for instance, the lockdowns imposed in 2020, which should be seen as a crime against humanity. In this same house that purports to defend human rights, we have also included bloody dictatorships in the Human Rights Council, including Cuba and Venezuela, without reproach. In this same house which purports to defend the rights of women, we’ve allowed on the CEDAW Committee countries that punish their women just for showing their skin. In this same house that had voted against the state of Israel, which is the only country in the Middle East to defend a liberal democracy, we have simultaneously shown a total inability to respond to the scourge of terrorism.

(06:57:52)
On the economic level, we have promoted collectivist policies that undermine economic growth, violate property rights, and disrupt a natural economic process in preventing the most left behind countries to freely enjoy their own resources. They have imposed regulations and prohibitions specifically because of countries that wish to develop themselves. We have further established toxic relationship between global governance and international credit bodies, demanding that those countries that are most left behind commit resources that they don’t have to programs that they don’t need, making them perpetual debtors.

(06:58:41)
We have also seen ridiculous policies with Malthusian stances, such as zero emissions policies that harm all poor countries, policies related to sexual and reproductive rights when birth rates in Western countries are plummeting, announcing a somber future for all of us. The organization has met its mission of upholding territorial sovereignty of its members. As we know, the Argentines have a first-hand experience of this with the Malvinas Islands, and we have also seen that the veto of the permanent members of the Security Council has begun to be used in the defense of the specific interests of a certain few. That’s where we are today with a powerless organization, powerless to provide solutions to the true global conflicts. For instance, the aberrant Russian invasion of Ukraine, which has costed the lives of more than 300,000 people and left behind more than 1 million wounded. This is an organization that, rather than tackling these conflicts, invests time and effort in imposing on poor countries how they should and how much they should produce, who they should do relations with, what they should eat, what they should believe in, as the pact for the future purports to dictate.

(07:00:05)
This long list of errors and contradictions has led to a loss of credibility for the United Nations before the citizens of the free world. I’d like to issue a warning here. We are coming to the end of a cycle. Collectivism and the moral posturing and the woke agenda is coming up against reality. There are no further credible solutions to the real problems of the world. If the 2030 agenda fails, as recognized by its own promoters, the response should be to wonder whether or not this was an ill-conceived program from the outset, and we should accept this reality and change what we’re doing.

(07:00:50)
The same thing always happens with ideas that come from the left. They’re designing a model in line with what human beings should do, and when individuals freely decide to act otherwise, they have no better solution than to restrict, repress, or cut off their freedom. In Argentina, we’ve seen with our own eyes what they have done at the end of this path of envy and sad passion. Poverty, anarchy, and a total lack of liberty. We still have time to choose another direction. I want to be clear so that there’s no misunderstanding here. Argentina is going through a profound process of change currently, has decided to embrace the ideas of freedom. These are ideas that say that all citizens are born free and equal before the law, that we have inalienable rights granted by our creator to life, to freedom, and to property. These principles that are setting the framework of the process of change that we’re undertaking in Argentina are also the principles that will guide our international conduct from now on. We believe in the defense of life for all. We believe in the defense of property for all. We believe in freedom of expression for all. We believe in freedom of worship for all. We believe in freedom of trade for all, and we believe in limited governments, all. And in these times, what happens in one country has a swift impact on others, and we believe that peoples should be able to live free of tyranny and oppression, be it political oppression, economic slavery, or religious fanaticism. This fundamental idea shouldn’t be mere words. It should be supported by our acts diplomatically, economically, and materially through the joint force of all of the countries that stand up for freedom. This doctrine of the new Argentina is no more and no less than the true essence of the United Nations, that is, the cooperation of nations united in the defense of freedom.

(07:03:03)
If the United Nations wants to resume the principles that led to its birth and adopt the role for which it was designed, it can count on the full support of Argentina and its struggle for freedom. You should be aware, though, that Argentina will not support any policy that implies restricting individual or trade freedoms, nor the violation of natural rights of individuals, regardless of who promotes these or how big the consensus is in this institution. For this reason, I’d like to officially express our dissent on the Pact for the Future that was signed on Sunday, and I invite all nations of the free world to support us not only in relation to this pact, but also in the establishment of a new agenda for this noble institution, that is, the agenda for freedom.

(07:03:52)
From this day on, you should know that Argentina, the Republic of Argentina, will abandon its policy of historic neutrality and will be on the vanguard in the struggle for the defense of freedom. Because as Thomas Paine said, those who expect to reap the blessings of freedom must, like men, undergo the fatigue of supporting it. Long live freedom, God damn it. it. Thank you very much.

Speaker 30 (07:04:21):

On behalf of the Assembly, I wish to thank the President of the Argentine Republic. The Assembly will hear an address by his Excellency Nayib Armando Bukele, President of the Republic of El Salvador. I request protocol to escort his Excellency and invite him to address the Assembly.

Nayib Armando Bukele (Translator) (07:05:05):

President of the General Assembly, your Excellencies, heads of state and government, distinguished members of the delegations with us here today, ladies and gentlemen. When I came to this General Assembly for the first time in 2019, I know that many of you didn’t know El Salvador or hadn’t even heard of El Salvador. And if you had heard of it, you only had heard bad references, either the most violent country in the world or the country of gangs. Others didn’t even know where to put us on the map, but thanks to God, this has significantly changed. And in a very short time, five years since my first speech, I come here as the President of a country that now has a voice in the world.

(07:05:59)
In my previous statements to this General Assembly, I talked about the quest for our true independence. For decades we were in chains due to an imported civil war and then a false peace that left behind more dead than war itself. I also talked about the importance of remembering that the main responsibility of a government is towards its own people and the crucial importance of taking our own fate into our own hands. We shouldn’t believe that other countries would save us or that other nations would give us our own freedom. We had to understand this to then have the courage to break these chains ourselves and to reclaim our own legitimate right to be free. Over the last five years, El Salvador has been born again. You can see this in the countries and in the people. We have a flourishing tourist industry. We are a country of sports, surf, and entertainment.

(07:07:15)
Thousands of Salvadorians fled war and poverty. We’ve now made this a country to return to. And our nation was once the global capital of homicides. We’ve now made this the safest country in our region. This was a great challenge that our nation overcame, but we still have a lot to do and many things to achieve, but we are now on the cusp of true independence and the path towards true freedom. The transformation of El Salvador is without comparison, and our success is undeniable. Anyone can visit El Salvador and see this for yourself.

(07:07:59)
Salvadorians, regardless of for whom they voted, where they were born, will at least say, whether or not they are within or outside of borders, have come to support all of our decisions, each of the decisions that allow El Salvador to be the country in which people can live calmly and in peace, in which spiritual aspirations beyond material aspirations transcend everything. Today the world is looking at the example of El Salvador, and they wonder, how can a country lift itself up so quickly? But perhaps this isn’t the right question to ask. Perhaps they should be asking a different question. How is the rest of the world falling down so quickly? They say that El Salvador is swimming against the tide because El Salvador has become safer,

Speaker 31 (07:09:00):

… safer. And at the same time, the world has become less safe. While the Salvadorian people has become more optimistic, the majority of the people in the modern world have become increasingly pessimistic. And they’re right. The world has become divided, depressed, concerned, and hopeless. And it’s done so at an unprecedented pace. Free world is no longer free. This is not an exaggeration.

(07:09:29)
Tragically, we have undeniable truth of this every day. New threats of war continue. When the free world became free, it was due to freedom of expression, freedom before the law. But once a nation abandons the principles that make it free, it’s only a question of time before it completely loses its freedom. The consequences of this, we can see before our eyes. We can see them in some of the most advanced countries in the world. There are simple things, for instance, that cannot be obtained in other cities. Streets no longer belong to the people. They’ve fallen into the wrong hands, the hands of drug traffickers and gangs. They can’t call themselves a free country when people can’t freely walk in the street without fear of being attacked.

(07:10:45)
We’re also seeing the erosion of freedom of expression. Just one decade ago, the biggest platform of social media in the world has had to use its… Citizens of Western countries have been arrested for their postings on social media. Governments have had to impose restrictions. This isn’t a conspiracy theory. These are fully documented, proven facts. You can’t win the favor of the people without respecting people. This didn’t start just a while ago. We’ve only just noticed it now because it’s accelerating, and this means that we are moving towards a scary inflection point. We are standing before a new dark period for humanity.

(07:11:45)
As a Salvadorian, I recognize these symptoms because we have experienced all of them. We saw the collapse of our nation step by step. And we are seeing these same steps, but this time on a global scale. We cannot, nor do we want to tell other countries what they should do. Every country needs to take its own decisions and do what’s best for its people. We can only offer a word of warning to a friend who’s gone through a dark period and who has gone through a battle in their own lives.

(07:12:24)
We can’t change the direction of the world. El Salvador is too small a country for that. We are indeed the smallest country in the hall of the American continent. This is much bigger than us. And in fact, it’s much bigger than any nation. We can’t prevent the obscure times that are ahead, but what we can do is become a small refuge in light of the approaching storm and try to have hope. In El Salvador, we will not renounce our position. We don’t confiscate the property of people who don’t agree with us. We don’t arrest people for their own ideas. In El Salvador, we have freedom of expression, and that will always be protected. In El Salvador, we prioritize public safety over the comfort of criminals.

(07:13:19)
Some people say that we are the country that has imprisoned thousands, but actually we’ve freed millions. Now the good people are living free without fear, with freedoms and human rights fully respected. We want our people to prosper. That’s why we foster innovation and new ideas. We understand that we need to have a safe space for ideas to flourish so that we can have research and experiments. We shouldn’t be focused through antiquated regulations or something that is opposed to change.

(07:13:56)
In El Salvador, you’ll find a space to explore your ambitions, be that in technology, energy, medicine, arts, culture, music or architecture. Just a few years ago, El Salvador was one of the darkest places on the entire planet. But in a short time, our country was born again because we remembered that freedom is something that you take. It isn’t given to us, it isn’t gifted to us. And that like anything that is worth taking in life, it should be looked after and maintained. Today, El Salvador is a safe country for progress and innovation, but also for families and also as we seek to pursue our own aims. In El Salvador, we welcome you all mainly for our people, but also for anybody who wishes to contribute to our vision.

(07:14:55)
It won’t be easy to do this. The next step, in fact, is perhaps harder than the previous steps that we’ve had to take. We have freed our country, but we need to maintain this freedom and do so in a world that is increasingly less free. El Salvador has left its past behind that we never wish to return to again. Perhaps it will be too late to avoid the obscure times ahead for our world, but it’s not too late to build a bridge and to escape the storm. May God bless humanity. Thank you very much.

Speaker 32 (07:15:33):

On behalf of the Assembly, I wish to thank the president of the Republic of El Salvador. The Assembly will hear and address by his Excellency Masoud Pezeshkian, president of the Islamic Republic of Iran. I request protocol to escort his Excellency and invite him to address the Assembly.

Masoud Pezeshkian (07:16:15):

[foreign language 07:16:14]. In the name of God, the most Gracious, the most Merciful, Mr. President, Excellencies, I extend my sincere congratulations both on the opening of the 79th session of the United Nations General Assembly and to you, Mr. President, on your well-deserved election. I trust that the crucial themes of this session piece, sustainable development and human dignity, will illuminate a bright path for both present and future generations.

(07:16:46)
Last year, the devoted president of my country, Ebrahim Raisi, addressed you from this very podium. He was martyred in the service of the Iranian people. May his soul rest in peace. This is my first time addressing you as the president of the Islamic Republic of Iran, a position I assumed after the Iranian people voted for my central campaign platform of national empathy. This guiding principle is rooted in the command of the Almighty God as set forth in the Holy Quran.

(07:17:18)
According to the teachings of the Quran, mankind was once a nation. So God dispatched prophets as heralds and warners. He sent the books down along with them to bring the truth so as to decide among mankind concerning whatever they had been disagreeing about. However, only those to whom it was given disagreed about it, out of envy towards one another after explanations, had been brought to them. Imam Ali, peace be upon him, instructed one of his governors, “to embrace the people with all your heart, to show them kindness and extend your compassion towards them. Never treat those under your command with harshness or violence, for people fall into two categories. They’re either your brothers in religion or equals in creation.”

(07:18:06)
The mission of all prophets has been to establish and promote truth and justice in society among all people, regardless of color, race, gender or language. Peace and security in the world will not be achieved unless the rights of all individuals, communities, and nations are upheld with justice and fairness. Let’s ask ourselves, are the roots of war and bloodshed we see in today’s world anything other than the fact that aggressors have violated the rights of others, overlooked the rights of nations, enforced discrimination and inequality, kept certain groups weak and underdeveloped and disregarded the rights of individuals?

(07:18:52)
As long as injustice, oppression, greed, poverty and ignorance prevail in any region, violence and conflict will continue. Unless we confront the root causes of such disorders, we cannot rescue the future of our children from darkness and destruction.

(07:19:13)
Mr. President, I embarked on my electoral campaign with a platform focused on reform national empathy, constructive engagement with the world and economic development. And once honored to gain the trust of my fellow citizens at the ballot box, I aim to lay a strong foundation for my country’s entry into a new era, positioning it to play an effective and constructive role in the evolving global order. My objective is to address existing obstacles and challenges while structuring my country’s foreign relations in cognizance of the necessities and realities of the contemporary world.

(07:19:54)
Mr. President, over the past year, the world has witnessed the true nature of the Israeli regime. It has witnessed how the regime carries out atrocities in Gaza and in 11 months has murdered in cold blood over 41,000 innocent people, mostly women and children. Its leaders label this genocide, the killing of children, war crimes, and state terrorism as legitimate self-defense. They label hospitals, kindergartens, and schools as legitimate military targets. They label the freedom-loving and brave people around the world who protest against their genocide as anti-Semitic. They label and oppress people who have stood up against seven decades of occupation and humiliation as terrorists. It is Israel that has assassinated our scientists, diplomats, and even guests on our soil and supported both covertly and overtly terrorist groups like ISIS.

(07:20:59)
Iran, in contrast, has supported popular liberation movements of people that have been victims of four generations of the crimes and colonialism of the Israeli regime. We have been siding with the people across the world who have flooded the streets in outrage against Israeli atrocities. We condemn Israeli crimes against humanity. It is imperative that the international community should immediately stop the violence and bring about a permanent ceasefire in Gaza and bring an end to the desperate barbarism of Israel in Lebanon before it engulfs the region and the world. Israel has been defeated in Gaza and no amount of barbaric violence can restore its myth of invincibility.

(07:21:50)
Naturally, blind Israeli state terrorism over the past few days in Lebanon, followed by a massive aggression with thousands of victims, cannot go unanswered. The responsibility for all consequences will be borne by those governments who have thwarted all global efforts to end this horrific catastrophe and have the audacity to call themselves champions of human rights.

(07:22:19)
The only path to end this 70-years-old nightmare in West Asia and the world is to restore the right of all Palestinians to self-determination. We propose that all people of Palestine, both those who live in their motherland as well as those who have been forced into its diaspora, determine their future inner referendum.

(07:22:44)
We are confident that through this mechanism, we can achieve a lasting peace with Muslims, Christians, and Jews living alongside one another in one land, in tranquility and peace and away from racism and apartheid.

(07:23:02)
Excellencies, examine the contemporary history of the region. Iran has never initiated a war. It has only defended itself heroically against external aggression, causing the aggressors to regret their actions. Iran has never occupied the territory of any nation. It has not sought the resources of any country. It has repeatedly offered various proposals to its neighbors and international fora aimed at establishing lasting peace and stability. We have emphasized the importance of unity in the region and establishing a strong region, a strong region rests on several fundamental principles. First, we must recognize that we are neighbors. And because of this bond, we will always remain together. The presence of foreign powers in our region is temporary and leads to instability. Our development and progress are interconnected, and outsourcing security to extra-regional powers will not benefit any of us.

(07:24:06)
Second, the new regional order must be inclusive and beneficial for all neighbors. An order that fails to safeguard the interests of each neighboring country cannot be sustained. Third, neighboring and brotherly countries should not waste their valuable resources on attritional rivalries and armed races. Our region suffers from war, sectarian tensions, terrorism and extremism, drug trafficking, water scarcity, refugee crises, environmental degradation, and foreign interventions. We can collectively address these common challenges for a better future for coming generations.

(07:24:55)
I am the president of a country that has endured threats, war, occupation, and sanctions throughout its modern history. Others have neither come to our assistance nor respected our declared neutrality. Global powers have even sided with aggressors. We have learned that we can only rely on our own people and our own indigenous capabilities. The Islamic Republic of Iran seeks to safeguard its own security, not to create insecurity for others. We want peace for all and seek no war or quarrel with anyone.

(07:25:33)
We seek lasting peace and security for the people of Ukraine and Russia. The Islamic Republic of Iran opposes war and emphasizes the urgent need to end military hostilities in Ukraine. We support all peaceful solutions and believe that dialogue is the only way to resolve this crisis.

(07:25:57)
Mr. President, in the current globalized world, the security and interest of no country can be attained through undermining the security and interest of others. We need a new paradigm to address global challenges. Such a paradigm must focus on opportunities rather than being obsessed with perceived threats. Through such an agreement, engagement approach, we can find fresh opportunities for cooperation. Iran and global powers achieved a historic nuclear deal in 2015. Through that fresh outlook based on shared opportunities, Iran agreed to the highest unprecedented level of nuclear oversight in return for recognition of our rights and the lifting of sanctions Within the framework of the JCPOA. Trump’s unilateral withdrawal from the agreement manifested a threat-ridden approach in politics and a coercion-driven strategy in the economic domain.

(07:26:55)
Unilateral sanctions targeted innocent people and seek to undermine the foundations of the Iranian economy. The goal is to securitize Iran, which instead leads to insecurity for all. The policy of the US’ so-called maximum pressure was in fact implemented against the Iranian people when Iran was fulfilling all its obligations under the JCPOA, as was verified repeatedly by the IAEA. We are ready to engage with JCPOA participants. If JCPOA commitments are implemented fully and in good faith, dialogue on other issues can follow.

(07:27:33)
Here I want to address the American people. It is not Iran that has established military bases along your borders. It is not Iran that has imposed sanctions on your country and obstructed your trade relations with the world. It is not Iran that prevents you from accessing medicine. It is not Iran that has restricted access to the global banking and financial system. It is not we who have targeted your military leaders. Rather, it is the United States that assassinated Iran’s most revered military commander at the Baghdad Airport. My message to all states pursuing a counterproductive strategy towards Iran is to learn from history. We have the opportunity to transcend these limitations and enter into a new era. This era will commence with the acknowledgement of Iran’s security concerns and cooperation on mutual challenges. Sanctions are destructive and inhumane. Weapons designed to cripple the nation’s economy. The deprivation of access to essential medications is one of the most painful consequences of the sanctions, endangering the lives of thousands of innocent people.

(07:28:40)
This measure is not only a blatant violation of human rights, but also constitutes a crime against humanity. Our nation has demonstrated resilience in the face of numerous hardships throughout the past few years caused by sanctions. Although the wounds inflicted by the sanctions are deep within our society, confronting this bitter experience has transformed us into a stronger nation with unwavering resolve and self-confidence.

(07:29:14)
In order to build a better future world, Iran stands prepared to foster meaningful economic, social, political, and security partnerships with global powers and its neighbors based on equal footing. The appropriate response to this message from Iran is not to more sanctions, but to fulfill existing obligations to remove sanctions, benefiting the Iranian people, hence laying the foundations for more constructive agreements.

(07:29:49)
I hope that this message from Iran is carefully heard today. Thank you, Mr. President.

Speaker 32 (07:30:04):

On behalf of the Assembly, I wish to thank the president of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The Assembly will hear and address by his Excellency Alar Karis, president of the Republic of Estonia. I request protocol to escort his Excellency and invite him to address the Assembly.

Alar Karis (07:30:38):

Mr. President, Excellencies, dear ladies and gentlemen, I want to live in a world that is in peace, in a world that is not destroying itself, that proud, sovereign nations, big or small, old or young, modern or traditional are not conquered and colonized, in a world where everybody can feel free, where AI serves and not hinders humanity and where nobody has to fear oppression based on gender, race, nation, beliefs or one’s thoughts.

(07:31:22)
I want to live in a world that is fit for freedom because freedom paves a way for lasting solution and prosperity, because freedom is the core of humanity. Don’t we all want to say regrettably, peace and freedom are under threat? The latest survey by Freedom House proved that global freedom declined for the 18th consecutive years in 2023. The number of those countries were political rights and civil liberties are diminishing is more than the twofold in comparison to those whose rights, liberties, and freedom are improving.

(07:32:11)
Peace and freedom are words that are unfortunately blatantly misused. Too often we see how the one promising peace and freedom brings indeed suppression and suffering. The weaker the mechanisms that protect international law, where bigger, is a threat to undermine the way most of us want to live. We may keep condemning the brutal acts of violence. We may even strongly condemn the atrocities, but without efficient acts against violence, the history will condemn us and it’ll condemn us strongly. But it’s not our place in history that we have to worry about. Something else keeps us awake at night. It’s children who are lost to conflicts, who will never be old enough to see their high school diploma, who will never have a chance to learn how to ride a bike, who will never dance in the desert, who will not be free, who will not be smiling.

(07:33:24)
But dear ladies and gentlemen, the happiness of a child is priceless. This image should set our moral compass right, personal and global, strategic and tactical. This image will be reality on the shores of Gulf of Aden, Azul Sea, Bay of Bengal, Dead Sea, Caspian Sea, Lake Tanganyika, Yellow Sea, or elsewhere in the world [inaudible 07:33:55] universally shared rules prevail, when the international law is respected, when UN Charter is applied. Therefore, we have no other option than to act and adjust the UN system so that it could live up to the demands and necessities of the 21st century. It means reinforcing the UN Charter, restoring the credibility and reforming the UN should ground better and more efficient application of a Charter so that the peace and security is maintained in everyone’s interest and everywhere in the world.

(07:34:39)
We need to reform, the UN and its Security Council has been discussed for decades. I am convinced that now more than ever, the renewal and strengthening of a multilateral world order with UN Charter at its core is in the interest of all of us.

(07:34:58)
Back for Future that we adopted at the Summit of the Future just a few days ago is a good start. It is guideline showing us the way forward. Now we must implement all we have blessed. We should have been even more ambitious-

Speaker 1 (00:00):

… and the devastating effects of such crime on the security and development of countries, as well as on democracy and on people’s lives.

(00:12)
It’s fundamental for our governments to act together and to coordinate public policies, strategies, and operational capacities to curb financial crime, drugs trafficking, trafficking in persons, and in weapons, which all affect our countries. Security is currently the main concern of the majority of people in Chile, but also in the whole of Latin America, and states cannot surrender to, nor normalize violence and organized crime, standing steadfast against crime, steadfast against corruption, tireless in building communities and social cohesion in our societies.

(01:04)
Chile is also committed to developing regulations to channel the progress of artificial intelligence ethically, transparently, and responsibly. Such a development should respect human rights, but protect personal data and promote the integrity of information and its use in the digital era.

(01:26)
Today, and I’m sure that many of you already have AI apps on your smartphones, today artificial intelligence reproduces prejudices and stereotypes as a result of reinforced existing biases from the databases that they use. Should we trust that these large companies simply regulate themselves? History has taught us that this doesn’t work. The international community must look after the weakest who are being excluded from this new world and ensure that they can be involved in it.

(02:07)
If we don’t act now, for instance, by demanding traceability in algorithms, data audits, and corrective human interventions, we might in a few years see a new form of digital extermination of non-hegemonic cultures. This would lead to the loss of the valuable diversity of humanity. Let’s not allow this to happen.

(02:36)
Artificial intelligence and new technologies can represent a tremendous contribution to the world. Today it’s worth remembering the zeroth law of Asimov’s laws of robotics, which in literature in the last century, already forced us to establish that a robot cannot harm humanity or through inaction, allow humanity to come to harm. And finally, I’m obliged to call your attention to the greatest challenge that we face as a generation: the climate emergency. Protecting and sustaining life on earth is something that we need to do now, and I’m saying this from Chile. A country that has been affected by drought, floods, and fires that are increasingly frequent. But here, borders are irrelevant as you’re well aware, because we are all affected equally by, for instance, Cyclone Idai, which just a couple of years ago, flattened Malawi and Mozambique. We also see fires in Australia, floods in Bangladesh, the dry corridor in Central America, rising sea levels affecting the Maldives, and fires that are currently raging in Córdoba, Argentina.

(03:57)
Let’s not deny science. Let’s not deny our responsibility as humanity over this crisis. In Chile, we are playing our part. We are changing our energy matrix. We’re leaving aside fossil fuels, moving towards carbon neutrality, protecting our seas, and our woodland. We are also preserving the Antarctic. Chile is an Antarctic country and will continue to be so. We have ratified the Oceanic Governance Treaty, the BBNJ Treaty, and I invite all countries to join it, and further to support Chile’s position in particular of Valparaiso as the headquarters for the treaty that I just mentioned.

(04:48)
In light of the scale of the challenges that we face, isolated efforts are not enough. We need all of us, particularly the big powers and those that benefit from the indiscriminate exploitation of natural resources around the planet and have done for decades, to shoulder their responsibility and to support with resources, not just good intentions, those who are left behind today.

(05:14)
We can’t forget that many of the countries that are developed today are so developed specifically because they plundered the wealth of other peoples for all too long and did so facing impunity.

(05:32)
We face many challenges, but our fate is not set in stone. I therefore hope, and I’m optimistic when I look towards our shared future. It falls to us to build a fairer and more dignified world for all of us and for future generations.

(05:52)
A few weeks ago, Elvira Hernández became the second female Chilean poet to obtain the national literature prize since Gabriela Mistral, who has a Nobel Prize for literature. And here I would like to paraphrase a warning contained in one of her poems.

(06:13)
We are migratory birds, but we’ve become used to behaving as monuments. Let’s not turn multilateralism and the United Nations into a monument, a sterile static monument. Let us turn this great historic achievement, born out of the Second World War, into a renewed bright light for 2024, to be able to improve the quality of life of whole of humanity. Thank you very much.

Speaker 2 (06:55):

On behalf of the Assembly, I wish to thank the president of the Republic of Chile. The Assembly will hear an address by His Excellency, Edgars Rinkēvičs, president of the Republic of Latvia. I request protocol to escort his Excellency and invite him to address the Assembly.

Speaker 3 (07:31):

Mr. President, Excellencies, distinguished delegates, first of all, I wish to congratulate his Excellency Philemon Yang of Cameroon on assuming the post of president of the General Assembly. I assure you of Latvia’s full cooperation along the way.

(07:53)
This year’s debate is of utmost importance. It focuses on today’s interlinked global challenges. It emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach that is firmly rooted in the United Nations Charter.

(08:10)
Allow me to highlight few points. The future of the multilateral system and rules-based order is in all our hands. We shall not allow selective application or disregard of global norms. The alternative is a terrifying world where force prevails and law perishes. It is already the third year of Russia’s unprovoked full-scale war of aggression against Ukraine. Russia is still testing the global community’s resilience and commitment to the rules-based order. This war gravely affects the stability of the region and beyond.

(08:58)
It has far-reaching consequences for the principles that uphold sovereignty, territorial integrity, and international law. We must ensure that the global order remains resilient in the face of aggression, especially when the aggressor is a nuclear weapon state, and a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council.

(09:27)
Russia tries to tear down what has been built by all of us. Russia tries to rearrange the international system that only benefit aggressors. Having endured 50 years of Soviet occupation, Latvia deeply understands the value of freedom and independence, as do many other countries represented in this room.

(09:52)
Latvia stands by Ukraine. We continue to call for an immediate and unconditional withdrawal of all Russian troops and military equipment from the entire territory of Ukraine. There can be no compromise regarding Ukraine’s sovereignty and territorial integrity.

(10:14)
Russia’s unprovoked attack has widespread consequences beyond Ukraine’s borders. It impacts global food security, nuclear safety, and humanitarian situation.

(10:29)
Ladies and gentlemen, access to food is a human right. Hunger must never be used as a political tool. Latvia stands in solidarity with countries most affected by food crisis. Latvia has supported grain initiatives and released fertilizer cargoes. We implement partnerships for safe and responsible food production in Africa and Central Asia.

(10:58)
Children rights are human rights. First of all, deportations and illegal adoptions of Ukrainian children to Russia are of serious concern. We call on the United Nations to take a more active stand on this. We will contribute to the return of Ukrainian children and their recovery to the best of our ability.

(11:25)
Right to life, liberty, and security is also a human right. Russia continues to deliberately target civilian and critical infrastructure. Its brutal attacks are supported by Belarus, Iran, and North Korea. In response, we are determined to help Ukraine in its fight and to rebuild what has been brutally destroyed.

(11:54)
I call on all members of the United Nations to support and join the communique adopted at the Peace Summit in Switzerland, to start building a peace process based on the United Nations charter principles. Russia must bear full legal and financial responsibility for its aggression. We must spare no effort to ensure comprehensive accountability for all crimes committed by Russia in Ukraine.

(12:26)
It is crucial to support and strengthen institutions that investigate and prosecute these crimes, provide justice for victims, and uphold the rule of law. Establishment of a special tribunal that would be able to prosecute the main perpetrators of the crime of aggression would ensure full accountability. I encourage other countries to support this proposal.

(12:55)
Distinguished delegates, our attention remains focused on the crisis in the Middle East. Tragically, innocent civilians, including countless children, bear the brunt of this crisis. It is imperative for the international community, the United Nations, to support efforts that ensure the protection of all civilians and work towards a durable resolution.

(13:24)
Latvia, together with other European Union member states, has called for an immediate ceasefire in Gaza, the unconditional release of all hostages, and the provision of humanitarian access at scale. It is crucial to prevent the deepening of the crisis and avoid regional spillover.

(13:47)
We remain hopeful that progress towards ending hostilities can soon be achieved. We condemn all terrorist attacks against Israel. We recognize Israel’s legitimate right to self-defense, and it must be exercised in line with international law, and particularly international humanitarian law, the law that has been put in place to protect all civilians.

(14:17)
We must also focus on revitalizing the political process to break the cycle of violence, to strive for a just and lasting peace. Peace that addresses the legitimate aspirations and security concerns of both Israelis and Palestinians. The ongoing escalation reinforces the necessity of pursuing a two-state solution in accordance with international parameters.

(14:49)
Mr. President, the United Nations is a place where no country’s voice can be deemed by more resourceful powers. The United Nations commitment to principles of peace and security, justice and human rights empowers us to address challenges that otherwise cannot be tackled alone.

(15:14)
Acting in solidarity for sustainable and inclusive development is more acute than ever before. The Summit of the Future has demonstrated our renewed commitment to sustainable development goals. It accelerates the efforts to eradicate poverty, reduce inequalities, and ensure environmental sustainability. The right path towards progress in achieving sustainable development goals is to advance innovation, science-based and environmentally-friendly economy, to enhance the quality of education, and strengthen governance, to engage with women, youth, and non-governmental sector on these matters.

(16:06)
Latvia has already progressed towards achieving 63% of the set targets. We are also helping those most in need. Latvia’s Development Cooperation Policy has become more global and more tangible, increasing year by year. There can be no sustainable development without peace and consistent global action on climate change. The ongoing conflicts and crises around the world aggravate the effects of climate change. We strongly believe that the United Nations Security Council must address climate change as an existing risk for global peace and security.

(16:52)
Small island developing states are at the forefront of global environmental crisis. Latvia welcomes the recent advisory opinion of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea. We closely follow the International Law commission’s deliberations aimed at clarifying the impact of sea-level rise on statehood.

(17:16)
Latvia has meaningful experience in building resilience against disinformation and promoting media literacy. We support an online environment that is free and open, but also safe and secure. The rising capabilities of artificial intelligence provide a lot of opportunities for growth and development. However, misuse of these capabilities is a concern.

(17:48)
Latvia also remains increasingly engaged in peace building and prevention, both in words and in deeds. That includes continuous voluntary financial support and participation in United Nations peacekeeping missions, as well as support to women peace and security agenda.

(18:12)
Distinguished delegates, the United Nations is not result its laws, its potential to prevent aggression or resolve conflicts has frequently been questioned. We must acknowledge the shortcomings and effectively address them. Latvia strongly supports revitalization of the United Nations system, and reform of the United Nations Security Council.

(18:41)
The number of permanent members of the Security Council must be expanded. It must be expanded to make it more effective, inclusive, and accountable. It must be expanded to elevate the voice of underrepresented regions. It is high time for Africa to have permanent presence at the Security Council table. Africa has been neglected for far too long, and that has to be changed.

(19:14)
Also, the small island developing states deserve a non-permanent seat. Their voices must be heard, especially given the existential threats they are facing. The decision-making process should be revisited as well. No single state should have veto power in the United Nations Security Council, especially when it comes to conflicts the permanent members are involved themselves. This is the way to ensure that the permanent members of the Security Council uphold their responsibility to protect peace and security.

(20:02)
Dear friends, the United Nations once used to be a beacon of hope for the people, not anymore. We must change that. We must rebuild trust and common values, and we can do that only by working together.

(20:22)
Latvia is fully prepared to shoulder its part of the responsibility. For the first time Latvia is running for a non-permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council at the 2025 elections. We stand ready to re-energize this international body. Thank you.

Speaker 2 (20:47):

On behalf of the Assembly, I wish to thank the president of the Republic of Latvia. The Assembly will hear an address by His Excellency, Santiago Peña Palacios, president of the Republic of Paraguay. I request protocol to escort his Excellency and invite him to address the Assembly.

Speaker 4 (21:26):

President of the General Assembly, distinguished heads of state and government, distinguished ministers of foreign affairs, ladies and gentlemen, we live in a troubled, volatile world which is experiencing extremely difficult, unprecedented days, and tremendous challenges. Armed conflicts, tensions in every corner of the globe, crises of multilateral institutions and of the international system, attacks on the values of democracy by the twin threats of populism and authoritarianism, the risks of cyber security and the misuse of artificial intelligence, brutal inequity in the distribution of wealth, climate change, which is jeopardizing our very existence; these are just some of the immense problems that we face.

(22:21)
I’m therefore afraid that I’m not here today to give a heartwarming speech, rather one that might generate discomfort and concern in light of what is happening. I think that we need to be sincere and admit that we are all failing to build a better world, because if there is a right time and place to debate and propose crucial decisions that will change the direction of mankind, it’s here, the United Nations General Assembly, and due to the delicate juncture in which we are living, we are forced to do that.

(22:57)
The good news is that not all is lost, because as a great military hero and then a statistician of my country said, his name was Bernardino Caballero, he said, the future is the child of the president. This means that we can here have a better future if we act today, and here even with disappointments that can beat down many spirits, we can contemplate the bright horizons of the future, but always and when as Caballero added, when we are worthy of respect and the estimation of future generations. This is only if we are worthy of taking up the lofty roles that we have, and rather than hiding problems under the carpet we attack them clearly, firmly, and bravely.

(23:48)
Despite the hard reality that we face, I continue to be optimistic. I don’t fear the future because I trust in the capacity of mankind to overcome challenges. But it is imperative, I think even obligatory, to abolish the issues in multilateralism and push through changes such as abolishing the veto in the UN Security Council. We need to build frameworks that promote equitable and sustainable development in which all countries, regardless of their size or their power, can benefit equally from global progress. Only in this way, we will be able to meet the promises represented by this forum and make us worthy of the respect and esteem of future generations.

(24:38)
Ladies and gentlemen, the maintenance of peace should be the fundamental pillar of multilateralism. However, today’s reality shows a sad outlook. Around 20 international armed conflict and more than 110 domestic armed conflicts are active around the world. This shows us that the institutions that were established to preserve peace have not been able to meet their aims.

(25:01)
War continues to be a scourge that is scattered across humanity. This scourge tears the social fabric, annihilating communities and leaving a legacy of suffering that is incalculable in scale. Every lost life is a testimony to our collective failure to meet the most basic of our responsibilities, which is to preserve peace and protect human dignity.

(25:26)
My nation’s history is a living testimony to the cruelty and immense suffering of wars. With the War of the Triple Alliance, Paraguay experienced this extermination, which sadly caused three of the genocides of the 20th century.

(25:44)
As another great Paraguayan, Manuel Gondra said, Paraguay is a small but proud country, and that’s the only reason we were able to survive this cruel war. However, it is also a country that knows that the price that can be paid through a conflict is very large. For this reason, Paraguay best understands not only the calamity of war, but also what it means for a small country to be invaded or attacked by more powerful powers.

(26:12)
That’s why we express our most sincere solidarity with the victims of all armed conflicts, be they domestic or international in nature. We reaffirm our steadfast, decisive commitment to the peaceful settlement of disputes, and we advocate without exception for the non-use of force as a means of resolving disagreements between nations and peoples.

(26:35)
In this context, we reiterate our firm support for Ukraine, respecting their sovereignty and territorial. We underscore the urgent need to find diplomatic solutions that lead to fair, comprehensive, lasting peace with the aim of bringing an end to this conflict and ensuring stability in the region.

(26:55)
Just as in the case of Ukraine, we believe that conflicts must be resolved through dialogue and diplomacy, always through a quest for solutions that respect the fundamental rights of all involved parties. This belief also guides our position on the increasing crisis in the Middle East. Our relations with the state of Israel are underpinned by solid pillars such as faith and hope.

(27:22)
This is why Paraguay was one of the countries which has stood most firm alongside Israel since the gross, heinous terrorist attacks of Hamas on the 7th of October, 2023. Paraguay today reaffirms its recognition of the legitimate right of Israel to defend itself. We also reject any attempt to assign, in a biased manner, a responsibility between the democratically-elected authorities of Israel and the leaders of the terrorist group Hamas.

(27:57)
At the same time, we issue an urgent appeal for the implementation of a solution that alleviates the humanitarian situation, brings an end to the violence, and guarantees the immediate release of the hostages, promoting constructive dialogue, which would lead to lasting peace.

(28:15)
We must continue to speak up about our deep-rooted concern at the situation in Africa. Here, UNHCR estimates that there are currently around 25 active conflicts, some longstanding and others emerging, but all with devastating consequences for the lives and the futures of the inhabitants of that continent. We aspire to see a return to peace and stability in that region; enough violence, enough wars, but also enough mere words. As actors on the international stage, we must take firm and effective action.

(28:51)
Today I would also like to, as an aside, mention the hard situation in Haiti. This is a clear example of the shortcomings of multilateralism. Despite international efforts and interventions, attempts for global cooperation haven’t led to peace, governance, and sustainable security that the Haitian people so needs and warrants. Today, gangs control a large part of Port-au-Prince, submerging the country into a spiral of violence that multinational mechanisms have not been able to de-escalate effectively.

(29:26)
Added to this situation, we see a catastrophic humanitarian reality. More than 5 million Haitians are suffering from food insecurity, and we see the re-emergence of illnesses such as cholera. Although multiple promises of aid have been made, the lack of financial resources, and logistical difficulties have stopped humanitarian assistance arriving in a timely and opportune manner. There is a worrisome dissonance between what the international community promises and what really happens on the ground.

(29:59)
We all stand alongside the Haitian people in every step towards helping this brother country. My country, as many other countries have done here, have passed through authoritarianism and dictatorships; for this reason today Paraguayans value the ideals of democracy and the rule of law more than ever.

(30:20)
Paraguayans can talk with their own experience. Our country lived through the shadow of dictatorship, banishment, and exile for a long time. Today, however, our reality is different. Paraguay is reaffirming its democratic vocation through free and transparent elections, and it has done for more than three decades. Never before have we had so many years of democracy, and I’m pleased to be able to say against the doomsayers and pessimists, that we have seen the happiest lives in my homeland. Perhaps Paraguayans don’t agree on everything, but we can agree that there

Speaker 5 (31:00):

There are no better ways to live together than through democracy and the rule of law. Democracy is simply unnegotiable. For this reason, I must condemn today, loudly and strongly, what is happening to our Venezuelan brothers. I would like to reiterate Paraguay’s position as to the electoral process in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, which culminated on the 28th of July this year. This process overlooked the will of the Venezuelan people and was characterized by serious acts by the regime, which led to persecution of the main opposition actors, and to arbitrary detentions. The deterioration of democracy in Venezuela is clear to see as are the systematic violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms. Added to that, we see action contrary to international law, particularly in diplomatic relations and the right to asylum. We reiterate our support for the democratic forces in Venezuela that are fighting authoritarianism for the return to a truly democratic system that is not merely a facade.

(32:07)
One of the most important criticisms of global multilateralism is the idea … one of the most important ideas behind multilateralism is the idea that all are treated on a equal footing. The concept of a vote for each nation often becomes a vacuous concept if nations are obliged to transact their self-determination in order to not be left out of great international markets. However, we recognize that regional cooperation continues to be a crucial path towards physical and economic integration. The fight against the challenges that we face is impossible without convergence of wills from neighboring countries. Regional cooperation is the only way that we are able to work together to design national policies together with other nations. And it is through this spirit of cooperation and strengthening regional institutions that Paraguay decided to put forward the candidacy of our foreign minister, Ruben Ramirez Lezcano as Secretary General of the organization of American States. We are convinced that his leadership will contribute significantly to revitalizing the OAS, promoting more inclusive and efficient multilateralism that meets the challenges of the present and focuses on the wealth being of all peoples in our hemisphere. In the context of our commitment to the most inclusive form of multilateralism that leaves no nation behind, Paraguay reiterates its unwavering commitment … support towards those countries that, despite their outstanding contribution, are excluded from important international fora such as these. Paraguay not only recognizes, but also profoundly values international cooperation with the Republic of China, Taiwan. This is a kindred nation with which we have, for now more than 70 years, forged robust and meaningful friendship. This friendship is based on the shared values of democracy, the rule of law, and free trade. It’s a genuine friendship forged through the adversity of two geographically small countries living alongside great powers. Our spirit, our combative spirit, however, is everything, but small. In this assembly, we renew our firm support for Taiwan to be a full part of the United Nations. We believe that their exclusion is an injustice that we can’t overlook, because the values that we share and their contribution to the international community should be recognized. If there is a country that today should be a part of the United Nations and is not yet so, that is Taiwan.

(34:51)
Today, we’ve not only come to speak up about this injustice, but also to speak up firmly to alert the international community as to the threat to their integrity and the legitimate rights of self-determination of their peoples. I underscore the importance of peace and stability in the Taiwan Straits. In a world full of tensions in which conflicts constantly threaten to boil over, positive interactions in this region are not only vital for the Asian security, but also for global stability. For the same reasons we uphold the principles of peace, justice, and international cooperation in all corners of the world, and it’s important that we reaffirm our commitment to these values within our borders. In my country, as I was saying earlier, we have a vibrant and full democracy. We have a republican system of a balance of powers and, while we have a political majority in the Congress, we continue to have dialogue with our opposition to carry out the great reforms that our country needs.

(35:55)
We are convinced that democracy cannot be a vacuum. It should have content and, above all, results. Here, economic development is crucial to ensure the future strength of democracy. Prosperity, indeed, is the biggest enemy of crime, of division, of a lack of hope. Social policy. The most effective social policy, I always say, is economic prosperity. But to ensure that this prosperity reaches everyone, we need to invest in human capital and generate the right conditions for families to be able to work. And here I’d like to cite two of the programs of my government. Firstly, Zero Hunger in Schools. This aims to completely eradicate hunger in school-aged children, because we believe that children who are hungry cannot learn. And we also have the Che Roga Pora, which is the first policy giving access to housing, focused on the working class. It will allow thousands of Paraguayan families to transform a monthly payment into a family asset.

(37:10)
If we don’t have development, we have no security. This is a national level view and an international one, and we understand the cooperation with different national and international agencies. This is our vision as the president of the Republic. Finally, we will continue to support institutions and transparency as fundamental preconditions for development. The recent attention of investment grade by Paraguay is a clear reflection of our constant efforts to strengthen our institutions. Added to that, we have a long-standing economic stability that has been consolidated over the years. Dear friends, Paraguay wants to can and will be a true protagonist on the global stage. We are determined to play our role. Paraguay is a country that has abundant natural resources, valuable human capital, and has a clear approach in creating value chains that promote the green economy based on the development of sustainable technology.

(38:11)
Our country is a beacon in the production of clean and renewable energy. Hydroelectric energy generation is not only a national project, but rather a joint initiative with our neighbors, which seeks to ensure a more developed, sustainable and emissions-free world. I firmly believe that Paraguay is an example of how economic development is entirely compatible with environmental sustainability. Paraguay shares common challenges with other landlocked countries, which will be addressed in the new program of action for landlocked developing countries, which will be adopted in Botswana this December. Far from giving up hope, we see, in these challenges, great opportunity. We are transforming our difficulties into strength, harnessing our geographic location as a strategic asset. Our position, in the heart of South America, means that we can be the motor of South American integration. We have a clear vision and we are becoming a logistics center through the hydro corridor, Paraguay-Parana, and the bi-oceanic corridor in South America. These are key to revitalizing and boosting MERCOSUR and the Pacific Alliance.

(39:32)
As we consolidate our geographic position, it is crucial that this vision of growth is supported by strong investment in education. Paraguay’s success will depend on our ability to prepare future generations for the globalized and competitive world. Together with education, technology is a key tool to ensure development and social inclusion. Our nations face many challenges, but, without doubt, one of the greatest is the issue of the ethical use of artificial intelligence, and the progress in technology, in general. [inaudible 00:40:08] posits exponential growth in the development of new technologies. This calls for the creation of new regulatory schemes that protect people able to face challenges that are approaching at all too fast a pace. These new techniques, such as sandboxes or co-regulation, should ultimately aim at ensuring responsible use of emerging technologies and equity in how they are applied. In Paraguay, we are profoundly committed to preserving our cultural heritage. At the end of this year, we will be hosting the 19th session of the Intergovernmental Committee for Safeguarding Cultural Heritage of UNESCO, and we hope that Guarania will be recognized as immaterial cultural heritage.

(40:56)
Further, we reaffirm our commitment to the protection of fundamental rights of all citizens, the family and human life. From conception, we defend the traditional values that have made our nation so great. Despite having looked at things critically, I would like to confess that I am an incurable optimist. I believe that our future is brilliant and full of opportunities, hence why I see the bright horizons on the future. But if we fight for a better present, we will have future days full of light and possibilities. The defense of democratic values and respect for human rights must continue to be our guide. Of course, we will have differences, and the legitimate policy differences, but there are some principles that cannot be negotiated. That is democracy, the rule of law, unfettered respect for human rights. These are all fundamental pillars.

(41:55)
Although our political or ideological views might be different, this shouldn’t divide us or stop us from advancing towards building cooperation based on solid foundations. If we continue to forge ahead towards cooperation, mutual respect, integration, fraternity among our peoples, I am convinced that we will have better days. In conclusion, and despite the tremendous challenges that we face, I’m convinced that as William Faulkner once said, “Humanity will not simply endure. It will prevail.” Thank you very much.

Speaker 6 (42:33):

On behalf of the Assembly, I’ve wish to thank the president of the Republic of Paraguay. The Assembly will hear an address by His Excellency To Lam, State President of Socialist Republic of Vietnam. I request protocol to escort His Excellency and invite him to address the Assembly.

Speaker 7 (43:22):

Excellency The President of the UNGA, Excellency Secretary General of the United Nations, ladies and gentlemen, good evening. Let me first congratulate you, Excellency Philemon Yang, on your election as the President of the 79th session of the UNGA. I trust that this session will be a great success. I also commend Excellency Dennis Francis, President of the 78th session, and Excellency Antonio Guterres, the UN Secretary General, for their contributions and efforts in coordinating UN endeavors to prevent wars, maintain peace, and promote global development cooperation. Ladies and gentlemen, the world is undergoing transformative changes of historic significance. Although peace, cooperation and development remain the dominant trends, they are facing even more serious challenges. Strategic [inaudible 00:44:26] among major powers is becoming broader, fiercer and more confrontational. Political disputes, conflicts and security environment intensify survival, and development space narrows.

(44:41)
Risk of conflict, new hotspots, arm race, tension, confrontation, and direct clashes increase. The rise of power politics, egoistic nationalism, a challenging international law, eroding multilateral institutions, and diminishing faith in global cooperation. The vicious cycle of conflict and violence escalates in various regions causing immense sufferings to millions of innocent civilians. The risk limited nuclear war, or even the third World War, has not been ruled out. Non-traditional security challenges such as climate change, extreme weather events, natural disasters, diseases, resource depletion, and aging population are becoming increasingly severe in hindering our efforts for development. Poor countries are being left further behind with a widening development gap.

(45:43)
Super Typhoon Yagi, which ravaged Vietnam and other countries in the region, serves as a stark warning of the severe impacts that natural disasters and climate change can have on sustainable development for all. Global food production is sufficient to feed one-and-a half times the world population, yet famine is threatening over 780 million people, and two-point-four billion people endure food insecurity. Defense expenditure reached a record 2.4 trillion in US dollars in 2023, yet we struggled to pull a hundred billion US dollars for climate actions. With only a third of the SDGs timeline remaining, 80% of the targets may not be met. Global economic growth faces difficulties, and decoupling and fragmentation, along with economic pressures and sanctions, threaten rapid and sustainable development.

(46:49)
The Fourth Industrial Revolution offers opportunities for quantum progress, but it also poses security and safety challenges for society and individuals. These unprecedented challenges to peace, cooperation, sustainable development and human dignity affect this generation and the next. They compel us to unite, act, and work together, upholding the role with national institutions, foremost among them, the United Nations, regional organizations, including ASEAN, to achieve the ultimate goal of ending war, abolishing all forms of oppression, exploitation, building peace, and creating a better world to bring happiness to all mankind. In that spirit, I would like to share Vietnam’s vision for a more peaceful, stable, cooperative, prosperous, and sustainable future for everyone.

(47:45)
First, as peace and stability are the foundation for a prosperous future, we must promote observance of international law and UN Charter by all states, particularly the major powers. Each state must act responsibly, fulfill its commitments, and abide by international law and UN Charter, including fundamental principles such as the peaceful settlement of disputes, non-use of force, sovereign equality, territorial integrity, and respect for the political systems chosen by the people of each nation. States should also contribute to the common work of the international community in line with their capabilities. We must strengthen solidarity, sincerity, and trust among nations to uphold dialogue, eliminate confrontation, and firmly oppose unilateral embargoes and sanctions that contravene international and UN Charter.

(48:43)
Second, we must ensure equitable development for every state community and individuals, and recognizing the diverse economic, social and cultural conditions that they may have. Every resource must be effectively unleashed, marshaled, and utilized for development according to each country’s needs. We must prioritize resources who are the most needed for implementing the SDGs with attention to assisting developing and less developed countries, especially through preferential loans, transfer of advanced technologies, investment and trade facilitation, and debt relief for poor countries.

(49:20)
And third, we should, urgently, create smart global governance frameworks with long-term vision for science and technology, especially emerging technologies like AI. This will ensure we make progress and enjoy the benefits of these technologies while actively preventing threats to peace, sustainable development, and humanity. In that connection, I welcome the documents adopted at the summit for the future, especially the Global Digital Compact. This will serve as a crucial basis for advancing global governance and international cooperation in those areas.

(49:56)
And fourth, we should adopt innovative thinking to build a transformative future across all sectors. Focusing on digital transformation, green transition and global governance transformation. Green transition and digital transformation are essential tools for countries, especially developing ones, to build resilience and self-reliance, enabling a timely and active prevention of and response to shocks, crises, and potential disasters. We must also prioritize reforming multilateral mechanisms, especially the UN system, international financial and monetary institutions, to ensure better representation, equity and transparency. Enhancing the capacity, effectiveness and future readiness is essential for remaining relevant in our changing world.

(50:43)
And fifth, we must place human at the center in delivering on our visions. People should be the center, the goal and driver of policies and actions at all levels, and investments should focus on the holistic development of the youth, enriching the knowledge and culture, grounded in shared values in a sense of responsibility and contribution. Vietnam welcomes the UNGA’s official decision to grant additional rights and privilege participation to the State of Palestine from this session onwards. Vietnam reaffirms its solidarity with the state and people of Cuba, and calls on the United States to live embargoes and sanctions against Cuba, and to remove Cuba from the list of state sponsors of terrorism. We need to vigorously promote such actions since there are practical ways to foster equitable development and happiness for all.

(51:36)
President Ho Chi Minh, a Vietnamese hero of national liberation and a man of culture, once stressed, “Unity, unity, great unity. Success, success, grand success. Only through unity and cooperation with trust, and by thinking and acting as one can we build a world of peace, sustainable development and human dignity for the present and future generations ensuring no one is left behind.” In today’s rapidly changing of our era. Vietnam is making every effort to move forward toward a future peace, stability, prosperity, and sustainability, not only for all our people, but also for all nations worldwide. This is Vietnam’s vision, goal and strong commitment to the international community today and tomorrow. Thank you for your kind attention.

Speaker 6 (52:32):

On behalf of the Assembly, I [inaudible 00:52:35] to thank the State President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The Assembly will hear an address by His Excellency Andrzej Duda, President of the Republic of Poland. I request protocol to escort His Excellency and invite him to address the Assembly.

Speaker 8 (53:17):

Distinguished Mr. President, Your Excellencies, honorable delegates. I would like to express my sincere congratulations to His Excellency, Mr. Philemon Yang, on his election to the honorable position of President of the 79th Session of the United Nations General Assembly. Poland fully supports your mission, Sir, and wishes you every success. I also extend my thanks to His Excellency, Mr. Dennis Francis, for his effective presidency during the previous 78th Session. Mr. President, ladies and gentlemen. I am honored to address the United Nations General Assembly for the 10th time as the President of Poland. All the more so because today we are facing huge global challenges that require our solidarity, cooperation and determination. Our presence here reminds us of the mission for the fulfillment of which the United Nations was established after the terrible tragedy of the World War II to prevent further conflicts and ensure world peace. This year marks the 85th anniversary of the beginning of that massive conflict, the conflict which claimed millions of lives.

(54:59)
It was Poland, which became its first victim. On September the 1st, 1939, Nazi Germany attacked my homeland starting World War II. Two weeks later, on September the 17th, the Soviet Union also invaded my country. As the ally of Nazi Germany, fulfilling the agreement between Hitler and Stalin, so-called Ribbentrop- Molotov Pact, both aggressors deprived us of our independence. Poland found itself in the midst of the brutal occupation of two Totalitarianisms becoming a witness and victim of war crimes that forever left a mark on our nation’s and world’s history. In my country, we know very well what war is, and we know what drama and suffering it brings. That is why Poland has always been a strong advocate of measures which aim at preventing conflicts and ensuring peace in the world. Our history and experiences incline us to constantly recall the need to respect international law and protect the sovereignty of states. Ladies and gentlemen, today we are facing, yet again, an extremely serious threat to global security. For the past two and a half years, we have seen Russia’s brutal aggression against neighboring Ukraine. This is a flagrant violation of fundamental norms of international law, such as the prohibition of the use of force in international relations. This unprovoked aggression is destabilizing the region, and posing a direct threat to the global order and security. We cannot allow this war to turn into another frozen conflict. This is the most important task for the future. That is why it’s so important today to stop the Russian war in Ukraine. Not only to end the suffering of the people and punish the aggressor, but also to prevent that heinous actions from becoming a model for others to follow. Ukraine’s territorial integrity must be restored within its internationally recognized borders. The logic of conquest and disregard for international law must be stopped, unless we agree to live in a world where any country can become a victim of aggression, regardless of its size and geographic location.

(58:03)
Poland is following, with equal concern, the situation in the Middle East where, due to the brutal Hamas attacks of October the 7th, 2023, the conflict has escalated. Israel, like any other state, has the right to self-defense. However, these actions must follow international humanitarian law. Poland has consistently supported a two-state solution to the Middle East conflict that will guarantee both Palestinians and Israelis the right to live in peace and security in correct relations with all the neighbors. As proponents of the principles of equality and the right of nations to self-determination, we believe that the emergence of an independent Palestine will not contradict Israel’s interest, whereas the right of Israel to exist cannot be questioned. The two nations are united by space and time, which will remain their common destiny.

(59:16)
The current situation in Yemen is also of deep concern to us. The ongoing humanitarian crisis affects million of people, and the struggle for control in a country possess a threat to regional security and freedom of navigation in the Red Sea. The international community must do everything possible to ease the suffering of Yemeni people and restore stability in their country. And we all see how the ongoing wars, conflicts and terrorist actions in Africa undermine people’s efforts to live and develop in safe and fair conditions. The world must stand with all those affected by insecurity and help them to restore peace through reconciliation and social cohesion.

(01:00:16)
Ladies and gentlemen, peace and security in the world will not be possible to achieve without respects for the law. As President of Poland, I consistently repeat the phrase, peace through law, always emphasizing the fundamental rule of international law in maintaining global order. Our history, our experiences teach us that only adherence to international norms and the protection of the rights of every human being can ensure stability and development. Poland, as a country of freedom and solidarity, will always demand respect for human rights regardless of geographic location. Therefore, Poland has decided to apply for a seat on the UN Human Rights Council for 2029, 2031. Our candidacy is an expression of our commitment to the promotion and protection of human rights around the world. We believe that human rights are the foundation of peace and security. Their violation leads to conflicts, while their protection results in stability and development. Ladies and gentlemen, Poles perfectly understand the perspective of countries that experienced colonialism. Our history, from losing our statehood in the 18th century

Andrzej Duda (01:02:00):

Country to World War II to the fall of communism has taught us how precious freedom, sovereignty, and human dignity are. It is a part of our DNA and therefore, we stand together with the developing countries in their quest for prosperity, equal treatment, and self-reliance. That is why Poland will not stop supporting African societies. As I had the opportunity to personally assure my friends during this year’s visit to Rwanda, Kenya and Tanzania, as well as in recent years during my earlier visits to the continent, which is so important for Poland, Europe, and the whole world in building a common safer and more prosperous future. We believe that Africa has the potential to develop its own solution to its challenges.

(01:03:04)
However, we recognize that global development in many parts of the world currently is facing serious obstacles. We note with concern that halfway through the deadline set by Agenda 2030 for achieving the sustainable development goals, progress made in realization of its ambitions is still insufficient. During this session, Poland will serve as vice president of the UN Economic and Social Council. The motto of our mandate in the ECOSOC is developing in solidarity, which summarizes well our vision of progress we need. With its presidency of the Council of the European Union starting on January the 1st, 2025, Poland will seek to give new impetus to relations with developing partners. There is a need for better cooperation, real partnership, more solidarity, ladies and gentlemen.

(01:04:18)
Next year, we’ll celebrate the 80th anniversary of the United Nations. Despite its imperfections, the UN remains the foundation of the world order, allowing us to work together for peace, development, and human dignity. We believe that the Summit For The Future has given us an opportunity to reflect on the effectiveness of our work and the possibility of improving the UN structures to make them more responsive to contemporary challenges. Poland is ready to discuss reforms to the security council, other key UN bodies, as well as international financial institutions. The world is changing and our system must change as well in order to better serve the global community.

(01:05:17)
Ladies and gentlemen, distinguished delegates, our common commitment and shrine in the UN Charter sons to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war. Poland will remain faithful to this mission and will support efforts for peace, human rights, and sustainable development. Thank you for your attention, and I wish us all fruitful deliberations. Thank you.

Speaker 9 (01:05:49):

On behalf of the Assembly, I wish to thank the President of Republic of Poland. The Assembly will hear an address by his Serenity Highness, Prince Albert II, Sovereign Prince of Monaco. I request protocol to escort His Serenity Highness, and invite him to address the Assembly.

Kashim Shettima (01:06:19):

[French 01:06:31]-

Prince Albert II (01:06:31):

Mr. President of the General Assembly, Mr. Secretary-General, heads of state and government, Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, almost 80 years ago the United Nations Charter was born and laid the foundations of our organization to preserve future generations from the scourge of war. The founders then had a firm conviction that there was no power more legitimate than that we vested collectively in this new international organization. Over the last two days, I have participated alongside many of you on the initiative that the Secretary-General, Mr. Antonio Guterres, in the Summit to The Future between hope and concern. The summit allowed us to grasp just how much work we still need to do to leave a harmonious and peaceful future to our children.

(01:07:16)
While we are facing an increasing number of challenges, we’re currently seeing a multiplication of original conflicts, an uptick in the arms race and nuclear proliferation, as well as an ebbing of a collective security. Extreme violence and conflicts that are currently raging under thousands of victims that they’re claiming in the four corners of the world, are intolerable. Targeted attacks against civilian infrastructure that don’t even spare schools or hospitals are flagrant violations of the fundamental principles of international humanitarian law. Similarly, the use of famine as a weapon of war is an odious crime. These acts must not go unpunished. Whatever the conflict or the continent that it is taking place on, international justice must establish the crimes and prosecute those responsible. This is absolutely essential to build a just and lasting peace.

(01:08:12)
The partition of the world that we’re seeing currently is very concerning. Now should not be the time for war or division, but rather for building coalitions for concrete actions, ramping up cooperation, solidarity, helping each other, and engaging in dialogue. My country’s conviction has always been that the way of multilateralism is the only way possible. The UN is at the heart of multilateralism and it’s incumbent upon us to do everything we can to implement the road map that we adopted collectively. As we committed last year at the summit on the SDGs and yesterday at the Summit Of The Future, we must move away from the way of destruction and focus on the way that leads to prosperity. The new agenda for peace is blazing a trail for us to show more solidarity and to establish trust. The milestones that have already been put down and they are showing us the way to go.

(01:09:14)
The fourth UN conference on financing for development that will take place next year compels us to rethink the international financial architecture and to help countries to undertake more sustainable and inclusive development. The World Social Summit that will also take place next year should give us the necessary driving force for more social justice and to contribute to fighting poverty, which is number one of the sustainable development goals. Sustainable development as a whole will not be achieved and it will not achieve the desired results if we do not include women and girls. While we’re celebrating in 2025 on the 125th anniversary of Resolution 1325 of the Security Council on Women, Peace and Security, and on the other hand, the 30th anniversary of the Beijing Declaration and Program of Action, it must be recalled that gender equality has still not been reached in so far as rights, responsibilities and opportunities.

(01:10:15)
It is only by guaranteeing their rights in all of the SDGs and in the actions of the Pact for the Future that we will be able to achieve more justice and inclusion. Step-by-step and whatever the cost, we must hold true to our efforts to promote the rights of women and to ensure gender equality. Mr. President, let us make no mistake, the most threatening challenges of humanity on the long term are without a doubt the multi-dimensional environmental crisis that we’re going through. And must I recall, we’re responsible for that climate change, the erosion of biodiversity and ecosystems, as well as the huge amount of pollution that is affecting both the land and the ocean, the cradles of life are turning upside down the daily lives of millions of people and causing considerable economic loss.

(01:11:10)
We in the face of this tragedy of the commons, we cannot show any doubt or dejection. We must be clear-headed when it comes to all of the things we must do and we must be optimistic when it comes to the future. Indeed, we now have several international instruments, major ones that must guide us when navigating this storm. We have the Paris agreement, the global framework for biodiversity of Kunming-Montreal and the BBNJ agreement, and I hope that a new international agreement will come about as well on plastic pollution in the world. These crises require coordinated response and when we participate in the different international fora over the next few months, let us bear this in minds and engage in unified and consented action.

(01:11:54)
In Colombia first of all, we have the COP16 of the UN Conference in biodiversity where we have high hopes to deal with the challenges to implement the plan for biodiversity and to deliver our 2050 vision, living in harmony with nature. Finally, at the end of the year at the COP29, we have the UNFCCC Conference in Baku. And we will establish a new goal, new collective goal for climate financing for developing countries that should be up to the needs and be realistic, and operational. Creating the conditions for guaranteeing the right to a future and a healthy environment requires us to put an end to the upheaval of our ecosystems, and also to show wisdom and knowledge. And draw on the wisdom and knowledge of men and women present on the ground already suffering the consequences.

(01:12:52)
For example, small islands developing states that are particularly vulnerable to the consequences of rising sea levels and they could potentially disappear. We could see a disappearance of habitable and productive land, and that’s a real threat for their existence. The Principality of Monaco and its institutions committed to the preservation of the oceans, is supporting the creation of an international panel of experts for ocean sustainability that would be headed by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO. In this regard, we call upon all states to ramp up the process to ratify the BBNJ agreement coming into force in 2025, which is an important year for the planet with France hosting the third UN conference on the oceans in Nice.

(01:13:42)
This conference should enable us to ramp up our actions and to mobilize all stakeholders to provide lasting solutions that we need for the ocean to overcome the challenges we face. The blue economy is also playing a key role and the principality intends to collaborate actively by hosting in June, 2025, the blue economy and Finance Forum. Finally, beyond the framework provided by the BBNJ, I reaffirm the commitment of my country to the implementation of solid regulation, grounded in the best scientific data, ensuring effective protection of the marine environment before we see any mineral exploitation of the seabeds. Ultimately, these interconnected crises compel us to completely rethink our relationship with nature which is essential for our survival and wellbeing.

(01:14:33)
Mr. President, when it comes to the challenges and changes that humanity is facing, the development of artificial intelligence is unavoidable. The emergence and the rise of this new technology is accompanied by so many opportunities for our daily lives, but it also comes with dangers, and we must deal with these. The Principality of Monaco is committed to seizing the possibilities provided by safe, secure, and trustworthy artificial intelligence systems for sustainable development. Indeed, the staggering technological progress that we’re seeing can help to increase development, as well as it could provide fertile ground for organized crime and terrorism.

(01:15:20)
So it’s incumbent upon the international community now to establish the right regulations, imposing ethical use of this technology that respects human rights and fundamental freedoms and ensure that it does not use or diverted for military or terrorist purposes. Further, disinformation today is one of the most insidious dangers for our societies. It is spreading rapidly, fed by social networks and digital platforms, sowing confusion and eroding trust in institutions and media. The consequences of this manipulation of information are grave and they can include the destabilization of our states and the exacerbation of international tensions. It is therefore essential to bolster verification mechanisms, fact verification mechanisms to protect the truth and to preserve the health of our democracies.

(01:16:10)
Mr. president, we have the tools we need, whether they be legal, technological, or scientific to bring lasting and effective solutions to our contemporary challenges. The path for the future and the 80th anniversary of the UN in 2025 offer us up an historic and unique opportunity to make progress in the intergovernmental progress… progress from the intergovernmental process rather, to reform the Security Council to make our organization more inclusive and representative of current realities in order to resolve the crises that we face. While the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games in Paris were a resounding success. The athletes showed us that efforts and perseverance, including an adversity lead to victory.

(01:16:57)
They gave us a lesson of humility by teaching us that while victory is the ultimate goal, the journey and good competition are equally as important to accomplishments. Let us therefore commit together with a sense of determination to the process that we have defined step-by-step. Let us overcome the obstacles without ever losing sight of our goal, which is to preserve peace between nations and to guarantee the wellbeing of the peoples of the United Nations. Thank you for your attention.

Speaker 9 (01:17:28):

On behalf of the Assembly, I wish to thank the Sovereign Prince of Monaco. The Assembly will hear an address by His Excellency, David Ranibok Adeang, President and Head of State of Republic of Nauru. I request the protocol to escort His Excellency, and invite him to address the Assembly.

David Ranibok Adeang (01:18:14):

Mr. President, Mr. Secretary-General, Excellencies and distinguished delegates, as the President of the Republic of Nauru, a small island nation with a vision for a more equitable and sustainable future, I bring you warm greetings from the government and the people of Nauru. In this 79th session of the United Nations General Assembly, we gather at the time of unprecedented global challenge and opportunity as we navigate the complexities of the 21st century. Nauru remains committed to the principles of sovereignty, self-determination, and international cooperation that have guided our collective progress since the UN’s founding.

(01:18:57)
Mr. President, as a nation surrounded by the ocean, Nauru has a vested interest in the responsible stewardship of the ocean’s Marine resources. We have been at the forefront of international efforts to protect and sustainably use the ocean’s resources, including developing and adopting the BBNJ agreement, and exploring the wealth of the deep seabed’s mineral resources in line with our objectives under the 2050 Blue Pacific Strategy. The greatest risk we face is not the potential environmental impacts of mineral recovery, but the risk of inaction. There is a risk of failing to seize the opportunity to transform to renewable energy and to decarbonize our planet. We cannot let fear and misinformation hold us back.

(01:19:47)
Instead, we must use the knowledge we have gathered wisely to ensure that deep sea mineral recovery under the principle of the common heritage of mankind does not compromise the integrity of our marine environment. This is not just an economic opportunity, it is an environmental imperative. We therefore call on the international community not to ignore the science and progress we have made. Instead, we urge you and the International Seabed Authority Council to work with us to establish and adopt robust regulations necessary for the conservation and sustainable use of marine resources. We have the science, we have the technology, and we have the imperative. Let us rise to the challenge and opportunity before us, employing our investments for the good of all and let the time for action be now.

(01:20:43)
Mr. President, Nauru’s story is not one of despair, but of resilience. Our people have thrived for centuries living in harmony with the land and the sea. Today we adapt, we innovate, and we persevere. We are exploring new frontiers because even as we fight against the effects of climate change, we must also adapt to the reality that is upon us. Through initiatives like the Higher Ground project, we are reclaiming land, strengthening our infrastructure, and securing our future. Adaptation initiatives to address modern challenges and concerns demand more than technical expertise. They require substantial financial resources, which is an ongoing struggle.

(01:21:29)
When it comes to climate finance, we are too often relegated to the back of the queue. We must also address the critical issue of access to basic financial services. For nations like Nauru, equitable access to banking is not merely a convenience, it is a lifeline. Yet we face the growing threat of de-risking and the loss of correspondent banking relationships. This challenge transcends financial concerns. It strikes at the heart of our sovereignty and our dignity. Our nation’s struggles cannot be measured by income alone. We are vulnerable in myriad ways and the global financial system must evolve to reflect this complex reality.

(01:22:15)
We are encouraged by the recent adoption of the Multidimensional Vulnerability Index or the MVI, and we further call upon the World Bank, IMF, IFI, and MDBs to integrate the MVI into their frameworks. It is not just another statistic. It is a tool that provides a more accurate picture of our national circumstances, our strengths, our challenges, our potential. Mr. President, one of the most pressing issues of our time is the rising tensions between global powers. Nauru has long believed in the importance of maintaining good relations with all nations, great and small. We are friends to all and enemies to none guided by a national motto, God’s will first. Our restored diplomatic relations with the People’s Republic of China are a testament that even the largest and the smallest of countries can find common ground and work towards mutual benefit.

(01:23:09)
Nauru is proud of our strong and growing relationship with China. And I take this opportunity to further commend their recent agreement with Japan on the ocean discharge of Fukushima nuclear-contaminated water. This historic accord represents a significant step towards addressing a pressing issue of global concern. Mr. President, as a staunch friend, we continue to call for an immediate and unconditional end to the decades-long embargo imposed on Cuba. As we know, conflicts and tensions persist across many regions of the world. Excuse me. In a shared pursuit of progress and prosperity, it is crucial to acknowledge that conflict impedes growth and undermines community stability. Therefore, we must intensify our efforts to foster peace and development free from the shadow of conflict. Let us reaffirm our commitment to building bridges of understanding, nurturing, empathy, and promoting reconciliation.

(01:24:12)
We must understand that peace and development are not separate entities, but intertwined pillars of human progress. Peace creates an environment where individuals can thrive, communities flourish, and nations prosper. In the absence of conflict, societies can better allocate resources to education, healthcare infrastructure, and sustainable economic growth, fostering the investment of all people. Let’s work together towards a future where everyone can live with dignity, harmony, and opportunity, leaving behind a legacy of peace for generations. By prioritizing conflict resolution, we paved the way for resilience, progress and shared prosperity. We must focus on building bridges, not walls, and walk towards a more integrated connected world.

(01:25:02)
Inclusivity and engagement are vital as we strive for full economic and financial participation, ensuring that no country large or small regardless of its development status, is left behind. This is a call for collective action, a call we must all heed for the sake of our shared future. The UN Security Council Reform long overdue, must reflect the geopolitical realities of the 21st century. It is evident that the current structure of the UN Security Council has been a subject of debate with legitimate concerns about representation, effectiveness, and the ability to address contemporary security issues. The imperative for peaceful resolutions and lasting peace in conflict-affected regions further underscores the critical need for reformed and strengthened UN Security Council.

(01:25:55)
Let us be the leaders who bring about a new era of peace and reconciliation in our pursuit against climate change. We continue to call on the UNHC to appoint a special representative on climate and security. We are pleased to endorse the call for fossil fuel, Non-Proliferation Treaty, and we urge countries to back this initiative for a sustainable and equitable future. And we also eagerly await the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice on climate change, and will closely follow and support the implementation of the court’s guidance in the pursuit of climate justice. Nauru is pleased to welcome the Pact of the Future’s ambition, yet we are disappointed in the removal of Action 21.

(01:26:43)
My delegation alongside members from the Group of Friends on Climate and Security advocated for its inclusion to address the security threats posed by the climate crisis. Removal of Action 21 was a non-negotiable issue. And despite our flexibility to compromise, it is vital to stress the gravity of our decision. Mr. President, before I conclude, I call on the following. To the developed nations, we say, recognize your historical responsibility for emissions and honor your obligations under The Paris Agreement. Provide the climate finance and technology transfer you have promised. Support our efforts to transition to renewable energy, to enhance our climate resilience, and to protect our biodiversity.

(01:27:33)
And to those who seek to block our efforts in sourcing renewable energy resources, do not dismiss the potential of deep sea minerals outright. Do not ignore the science and the progress we have made. Instead, work with us to establish the robust regulations necessary for responsible mining. In line with this year’s theme, we must accelerate our efforts without delay because the climate crisis will not wait for us to get our acts together. To our fellow developing nations, we extend our hand in solidarity. Let us share knowledge, resources, and solutions. Let us amplify our collective voice, for in unity, there is strength.

(01:28:19)
And to the United Nations, we call upon you to fulfill your founding promise, be a bastion of multilateralism, the resolute champion of the vulnerable, and the bold catalyst for the transformative change our world so desperately need. Mr. President, I conclude my remarks by reminding us that leaving no one behind is not a mere platitude, it is a moral imperative. It is a call to action, a reminder that our fates are intertwined. And the advancement of all hinges on the advancement of the least among us. This is the vision enshrined in the United Nations Charter, and this is the promise of the sustainable development goals. Nauru may be small in size, but our resolve is immense. We will continue to fight for our homeland and our future generations.

(01:29:13)
Let us act together with urgency, with ambition, and with the conviction that a better world is possible. May God bless the Republic of Nauru. May God bless the United Nations. [foreign language 01:29:25]. I thank you.

Speaker 9 (01:29:28):

On behalf of the Assembly, I wish to thank the President and Head of State of the Republic of Nauru. We shall now continue for general debate. The Assembly will hear an address by His Excellency, Kashim Shatima, Vice President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. I request protocol to escort His Excellency, and invite him to address the Assembly.

Kashim Shettima (01:30:22):

Mr. President, Your Excellencies, heads of delegation, distinguished ladies and gentlemen, Mr. President, as you assume the leadership of this [inaudible 01:30:37] Assembly, our wall is confronted by profound moral questions that will require more than the habitual remarks from this elevated podium to resolve. These are questions about the ultimate purpose of our organization, the United Nations itself, and how it can remain relevant and resilient. It is with this sentiment that I convey to you the warm and personal greetings of my countrymen and women, and to congratulate you on your assumption of the Presidency of this Assembly. Let me assure you of the full cooperation of my delegation in discharging your honorable responsibilities during your tenure.

(01:31:19)
In the same vein, I wish to extend my appreciation to your predecessor, His Excellency, Dennis Francis for the many remarkable achievements recorded during his stewardship. It gives me particular pleasure to commend His Excellency, Antonio Guterres, the Secretary-General of the United Nations for his commitment to the calls of peace and development, and the democratization of the United Nations to reflect the need to correct the historic injustice that has been done to Africa. I’m also delighted to note the steadfast support given to the Secretary- General by our own sister and compatriot, Amina Mohammed, Deputy Secretary-General, while sharing the burden of leadership and responsibility in leading a complex organization like the United Nations.

(01:32:16)
Mr. President, the team of this year’s General Assembly leaves us in no doubt that there are still work to be done to bridge the gap between the aspirations and the realities confronting our world today. It also underscores the need to remind ourselves that the United Nations stands for inclusiveness and caught on the tripod of peace, sustainable development and human rights. Today, these pillars of our organization are threatened. There is being broken by the relentless pursuit of individual national priorities, [inaudible 01:32:50] the collectiveness of the nations that are assembled here today.

(01:32:55)
While commitment to multilateralism offers us the surest guarantee of global

Vice President of Nigeria (01:33:00):

… Global action to address the existential challenges we face, singularity and nationalism, undermining the aspirations towards the peaceful and collective resolution of social challenges.

(01:33:13)
From last year’s summit, and indeed from previous years, we have carried over the numerous challenges of terrorism, armed conflict, inequality, poverty, racial discrimination, human rights abuses, food crisis, hunger, irregular migration, piracy, global pandemics, hyperinflation, nuclear proliferation, grinding their burden, climate change, and a host of other vexations.

(01:33:44)
The continued manifestations of these challenges testifies to our failings rather than to any lofty achievements on our part. Billions of dollars are being committed to the prosecution of wars and the panning of the embers of conflict. Yet we always recoil from bringing out the resources we need to build peace and to deliver life’s necessities to people. The question of governance is at the heart of our problems and also the solution to them. We recognize this in Nigeria, when on the 12th of June this year, we celebrated a quarter of a century of unbroken democratic rule.

(01:34:25)
We are no less proud of this achievement than the fact that, during the last two decades, a sustained process of democratization has swept over Africa. However, the return of unconstitutional changes of government and post-war military takeovers in some countries of the Sahel underscore the fragility of democracy when it is not backed by economic development and sustained peace and security. It is this fragility rather than the milestone that democratic governance has achieved in Africa that should matter most in our deliberations at this and other high-level segments of the 79th session of the General Assembly.

(01:35:09)
While we uphold all possible changes of government, we can also recognize the impatience in cities and villages as the sometimes slow and grinding turn of the wheel of democracy. Our people need employment. They need decent livelihoods. They desire good and affordable educational healthcare for their children and families. They need to live in healthy, safe, and secure environments. They need hope and they need opportunity. They desire to live in peace and tranquility, to pursue whatever gives them happiness and contentment. When governments fail to deliver, the people are bound to question the utility of democracy and other ideals like rule of law.

(01:35:56)
The global [inaudible 01:35:59] undermines the capacity of countries and government’s immediate the needs of their citizens. Creeping trade barriers and protectionist policies are destroying the hopes for prosperity of peoples and nations. Unbridled competition rather than cooperation is discouraging incentives driving our investment. Above all, insecurity is driving people into unprecedented hardship and misery that, in turn, affect the people’s confidence in democracy. It is the duty of the international community to bring back confidence in democratic rule and constitutional order by paying more attention to the needs and aspirations of the people rather than paying lip service to human rights, sustainable development and peace. We need the sustenance of democracy, not just the form.

(01:36:51)
We cannot build durable societies with the traits of terrorism, banditry and insurgency growing in our countries and regions. Indeed, violent extremism remains an existential threat to both national and international peace, security, and development. We are making concerted efforts to contain and roll back this threat. The High-Level African Counterterrorism meeting hosted by Nigeria in April 2024 and its outcome, the Abuja Declaration, promises to provide solutions to the challenges presented by terrorists and insurgents.

(01:37:29)
Your Excellencies, distinguished ladies and gentlemen, climate change is a driver of insecurity, which also poses a veritable challenge to sustainable development. A few weeks ago, large areas of my country were inundated by seasonal floodwaters, including one of our largest cities, Maiduguri, in the northeast. Other parts from Nigeria also experienced similar tragedies, occasioning the loss of lives and property. We need not remind ourselves to remain faithful to the implementation of the commitments that we all get voluntarily at the various COP meetings. Failure to do so is merely to postpone the inevitable. No country is immune from the effects of climate change. It is better that we cooperate and collaborate to meet this ever-increasing challenge rather than remaining in our shells waiting for the inevitable to happen.

(01:38:29)
A common challenge requires a common solution. Nigeria stands ready to meet our obligations in terms of mitigation and adaptation measures nationally and regionally with the active participation of other countries and international partners. Mr. President, conflict resolution is the main reason why the UN exists, but the task of prevention becomes all the more difficult when conflict becomes normalized, when even the condemnation of violence and civilian casualties and calls for a ceasefire are somehow regarded as controversial. As we emphasized at the Abuja high-level ministerial meeting, we must renew our focus on conflict prevention. Indeed, addressing the root causes of conflicts is often the first step towards providing long-term solutions.

(01:39:23)
Clearly, some of the root causes of conflicts are social in nature, including poverty, hunger, ignorance, inequality, and exclusion, as well as other forms of injustice. In the Sudan, other parts of our continent are part of our appeal. Foreign actors are exacerbating these tensions to prolong conflict and deepen the suffering of innocent people. Today, we are all witnesses to the heart-wrenching situation in Gaza and other Palestinian Territories. We cannot discuss war and peace, conflicts and resolution, or humanitarian imperatives today without reflecting on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict that has been raging since 7th August last year.

(01:40:11)
Of course, the conflict predates this period and has been simmering for a better part of half a century. What it tells us is that the international community has paid to live up to the spirit and aspirations of the United Nations, to raze the world of inequality, violence and domination of one people by another. Justice is antithetical to revenge. Freedom is an inner-enabled right and a natural entitlement that cannot be denied to any people. The Palestinian people deserve their independence. They deserve to have a home of their own and territories already recognized by this very assembly and by international law, which has been routinely ignored. Nigeria continues to urge efforts to bring back on track the two-state solution that offers the prospect for a new beginning for the region.

(01:41:05)
Nigeria reaffirms to supporting United Nations peacekeeping operations. We recognize the need for Africa to build strong and professional armies to meet the multiple challenges we face. Consequently, we reiterate the call for international support to operationalize the African standby post, in addition to the provision of requisite support and resources to ensure the upgrade, take-up and effectiveness of a center of excellence on issues of counterterrorism in Africa.

(01:41:37)
Mr. President, reform of the Security Council is critical if the UN is to strengthen its relevance and credibility in our rapidly changing world. Some permanent members of the United Nations Security Council have offered encouraging, if tentative, indications of support on the issue of reform of the Council, we welcome the change in tone and urge an acceleration in momentum to the process. The Security Council should be expanded in the permanent and non-permanent member categories to reflect the diversity and plurality of the world. We fully support the efforts of the Secretary General Guterres in this regard.

(01:42:23)
Africa must be accorded the respect that it deserves in the Security Council. Our continent deserves a place in the permanent members’ category of the security council with the same rights and responsibilities as other permanent members. Mr. President, your assumption of the stewardship of the General Assembly presupposes that you will be seized with the progress of the implementation of the UN’s sustainable development goals. We note that most developing countries are significantly lagging behind in the achievement of these goals, largely due to a lack of resources available to finance the implementation and the burden of unsustainable external debt.

(01:43:04)
It is our expectation that the adoption of the Pact for the Future will change the narrative, reposition economies, and translate into concrete measures that provide solutions to the challenges faced by developing and least-developed countries. This is particularly significant in our region and the Sahel, why human development indices are low and decreasing. It is for this reason that we each raise a call by countries, especially of the global south, for the reform of the international financial architecture and promotion of the rules-based, non-discriminatory, open, peer, inclusive, equitable, and transparent multilateral trading system.

(01:43:52)
We are aware of the debilitating impacts of corruption on global prosperity and national progress. Process of corruption and illicit financial flows constitute a huge chunk of resources needed for sustainable development, the recovery and return of such funds to states of origin, is a fundamental principle of the United Nations Convention Against Corruption. Therefore, the international community must promote practical measures to strengthen international cooperation to recover and retain stolen assets and to eradicate safe havens that facilitate illicit flows of funds from developing countries to the developed economies.

(01:44:36)
There is also the urgent need to promote peer-inclusive tax regimes in the world. Nigeria help introduce the resolution and promotion of inclusive and effective international tax cooperation at the UN. We acknowledge the progress made in the adoption of the terms of reference of the UN Framework Convention on Tax Cooperation. We should defend this initiative and work towards a UN Framework Convention on Tax Cooperation.

(01:45:05)
Similarly, we must ensure that any reform of the international financial system includes comprehensive debt relief measures to enable sustainable financing for development. Countries of the global south cannot make meaningful economic progress without special concessions and a review of their current debt burden. The present administration pays due regard to the imperatives of creating a conducive national environment for investment and the ease of doing business.

(01:45:36)
Last year, President Bola Ahmed Tinubu signed four executive orders to curb double taxation. The government also established the Presidential Task Force on Review of Fiscal Policy and Tax Reform. These measures are geared towards not only boosting investor confidence in Nigeria, but also to ensure investors make reasonable profit from their investments. Mr. President, your Excellencies, distinguished ladies and gentlemen, while the world is transitioning into the fourth industrial revolution, Africa remains energy deficient. The push for the accelerated implementation of SDG-7, a portable and clean energy, therefore, must taken into account Africa’s precarious situation. Nigeria believes that natural gas remains central to the Sahel solution to the energy challenges that Africa and the international community face.

(01:46:34)
Access to affordable, reliable, cleaner sources of energy is more than an environmental or developmental issue. It is a key factor in social peace and international security. Mr. President, Nigeria remains unwavering in it’s commitment to SDG-13 climate action, including the net-zero ambition and transition from fossil fuel energy to clean energy. As a demonstration of this commitment, the government established the Presidential Committee on Climate Action and Green Economy Solutions and appointed his special presidential envoy on climate action.

(01:47:12)
We will redouble our efforts to address the challenges posed by climate change, including the urgent need to transition from fossil fuel energy. Yet, such commitments must be juxtaposed with the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and the relevant provisions of the Paris Climate Agreement back in 2015. The Paris Agreement provided for developed countries to take the lead in the quest to achieve net-zero and to offer support, including finance, to developing countries for the actualization of the climate change goal.

(01:47:48)
Worthy of not is the loss and funding for vulnerable countries secured at COP 27 in Egypt and expanded in COP 28 in the United Arab Emirates. It is our expectation that this year’s 79 session of the UN General Assembly, and the upcoming COP 29 in Azerbaijan this November, will go a step further by providing developing countries, especially African countries, with access to the laws and damage funds, including 100 billion dollars pledged by developed countries to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change.

(01:48:28)
Mr. President in this age of digital innovation, we must address the emerging divide between the global south and the global north, which with the evolution of artificial intelligence risk becoming wider still. The UN should work towards eliminating barriers to digital economy in Africa, such as high cost of internet services and intellectual property rights. More so, there is a need to work towards common goal global standards to regulate cryptocurrency trading platforms. This is the most effective way to provide confidence in these markets and limit the potential for instability.

(01:49:06)
Our own experience in Nigeria, as in other countries, shows that new technologies, when not properly regulated, can facilitate organized crime, violent extremism and human trafficking. In our own case, the trading of cryptocurrency [inaudible 01:49:23] poor speculation and undermines macroeconomic reforms. Separately, we have also witnessed, in rich and poor countries alike, the corrosive impact of unfiltered hate speech and fake news across social media. There is much more that we could and should do together to strengthen those guardrails that will help release the most progressive elements of the new technology shaping our world and curb those more destructive tendencies.

(01:49:53)
Mr. President, we are particularly mindful of the imperatives achieving the advancement of youth and women as a factor in national development, peace and security. Nigeria has developed its own national action plan on women and security, as well as a national action plan on youth, peace, and security to ensure the participation of both women and youth in the peace and security sector. The summit of the future cannot be deemed successful without setting clear, ambitious, and achievable developmental goals to address the barriers, challenges facing our youth. In line with this aspiration, the Nigerian government will continue to invest in Nigerian youth through initiatives like the revitalization of the National Youth Investment Fund for 2024, progress on youth employment and entrepreneurship.

(01:50:52)
Mr. President, as much as the global family still grapples with the crippling consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, the greatest lesson that we have learned is never again to take any health situation with levity. In line with SDG-3, we must continue to work together to ensure the good health and well-being of all. There is no disease that should be relegated to the background due to some perceived classification of their seriousness or importance.

(01:51:23)
Mr. President migration is a complex and polarizing issue that impacts on rich and poor countries alike. Nigeria is a country of origin, transit, and destination. We are a major stakeholder in the global migration dynamic and understand the challenges and benefits it brings. Accordingly, I wish to reiterate our support for the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration GCM. The GCM, which all of us shall continue to support, represents our collective efforts at providing major safeguards for the treatment to migrants.

(01:52:05)
Mr. President, I will conclude by reaffirming Nigeria’s steadfast commitment to the deepening of multilateralism, just as we did 65 years ago on this podium when we joined the United Nations as the 99th member state. We remain committed to that desire to remain friendly with all nations and participate actively in the works of the United Nations, as expressed by our founding Prime Minister, Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa. It is my hope that our deliberations this year will result in solutions that will address our collective challenges and accelerate the attainment of the sustainable development goals, as well as the advancement of peace and human dignity for the sake of present and future generations. I thank you all.

Speaker 10 (01:53:05):

On behalf of the Assembly, I wish to thank the Vice President of Federal Republic of Nigeria. The Assembly will hear an address by his Royal Highness, Prince Salman bin Hamad al-Khalifa, Crown Prince and Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Bahrain. I request protocol to escort his Royal Highness and invite him to address the Assembly.

Salman bin Hamad Al-Khalifa (01:53:35):

In the name of God, most compassionate, most merciful and excellencies. Your Excellency, Mr. President of the General Assembly, your Excellency, Secretary General Guterres. It is my honor to be here today and to convey to you the greetings and best wishes of his Majesty King Hamad Bin Isa Al Khalifa, and I would like to begin by offering my congratulations to you, Mr. President, on your election as president of the 79th session of the General Assembly. I wish you every success in guiding this important work. I also extend my deep appreciation to his Excellency, the Secretary General for his tireless efforts in advancing the noble objectives of this organization across the globe.

(01:54:47)
Mr. President, eight decades ago, at the dawn of the nuclear age, humanity found itself engulfed in a devastating war, fraught with peril and uncertainty. The world was in desperate need of order and a system of accountability and governance. The United Nations was created to become a pillar of stability, a vital institution the world relied on to prevent unspeakable atrocities from ever happening again. Whether through the formation and application of international law, the promotion of diplomatic consensus, the investment in development programs or the deployment of peacekeeping missions, the United Nations and its specialized agencies have together stood firm to reflect the spirit of global civic responsibility.

(01:55:45)
The number of world leaders participating in this year’s General Assembly is a testament to that enduring spirit. 19 years ago, I had the honor of standing here and addressing this historic hall where I touched on the pressing challenges confronting our world at the time: Poverty, famine, deadly infectious diseases, civil wars and weapons of mass destruction. These global challenges not only persist, but have intensified. We find ourselves in a far more dangerous and unpredictable time due to major tectonic shifts in the global geopolitical order. In addition, revolutionary new technologies have emerged that will fundamentally reshape the world as we know it. Environmental and health challenges that know no borders have also multiplied and grown in complexity, requiring us all to work together regardless of our differences.

(01:56:48)
Mr. President, the very systems designed to uphold the international order are under strain. 80 years after its formation, as the threats and challenges we collectively face evolve, this important institution, which our global community relies on to safeguard the international rules-based order, must evolve as well. Today, we support the calls for reform of the United Nations to ensure that it reflects current geopolitical realities, so that it is equipped to continue carrying out its important global mandate for decades to come.

(01:57:29)
This reform should be holistic consensus-driven and encompass all the decision-making bodies of the United Nations, including the UN Security Council. The peace dividend that followed the end of the Cold War is now a distant memory. Today, we stand on the precipice of a new era with new challenges and we must recommit to peace as the bedrock on which we build collective prosperity and enduring hope for all. For, as we all know, it is far easier to destroy than it is to build.

(01:58:07)
Today, we see governments disregarding the established rules-based order, as they pursue policies rooted exclusively in self-interest. We see a preference for brinkmanship and the use of questionably legal force to resolve disputes. We see the rise of radicalism, extremism, and rogue non-state actors sowing chaos and discord.

(01:58:32)
In Gaza, we see Palestinians living through an unprecedented humanitarian disaster with over 40,000 people killed, many of them women and children. The protection of innocent life is enshrined in international law and a moral and religious responsibility. It is clear what is required is the implementation of an immediate ceasefire, the release of all hostages and the adoption of an irrevocable path to the creation of a viable, independent Palestinian state. And it must happen now. This will achieve a comprehensive and lasting peace, deliver the security and prosperity to all nations in our region, and prevent the spread of a wider regional conflict.

(01:59:24)
In the West, we witness widespread suffering as the intractable conflict in Ukraine persists. In the East, we see tensions continuing to rise in the South China Sea, raising grave concerns of wider military escalation and the further erosion of the integrity of the international rules-based order. The tolls of these conflicts are borne by humanity, by families, by communities, and by our future generations. These conflicts undermine growth, stifle opportunity, and endanger the hopes we hold for our children.

(02:00:04)
Mr. President, the Kingdom of Bahrain has long been a vocal advocate of pluralism and multiculturalism. It’s who we are. In August of this year, and in line with his Majesty King Hamad’s vision, that mutual respect for our shared humanity is essential for sustaining global harmony. Bahrain launched the King Hamad Award for Peaceful Coexistence. His Majesty, the King, has also called on the international community to convene an international peace conference on the Middle East. As current holder of the Arab League Presidency, the Kingdom of Bahrain urges all nations to join us in this vital initiative which seeks to strengthen efforts to achieve a just, comprehensive and lasting peace in the region. Diplomacy and dialogue must prevail. Indiscriminate violence, conflict and fragmentation will only drive us further from this noble goal.

(02:01:02)
Mr. President, in the Kingdom of Bahrain, we have committed ourselves to ensuring that our citizens are at the core of all our national development programs. We have worked tirelessly to ensure that they are equipped with the skills necessary to deliver prosperity and growth to themselves and their community. As we look to the future, we will spare no effort to provide our citizens with opportunities to connect with the wider world, to compete, innovate, and succeed. We prioritized the issues that unite us all. Housing, healthcare, education, and delivering jobs and prosperity. We focused our government ministries and agencies on a set of priorities, reached out to the private sector, civil society, and wove together a spirit of one team focused on delivering those programs.

(02:01:56)
Mr. President, today’s world is, in many ways, more fragile than the one that had emerged from World War II. This is because the global challenges today go beyond geopolitical conflict. We are seeing the devastating impacts of unsustainable development on the world’s environment, and as a result of conflicts and fragmentation, we have seen a rise and a return of global hunger. We have also witnessed, first-hand, the alarming effects of diseases, such as COVID-19, which showed out quickly the global order can be disrupted.

(02:02:32)
These crises must not be treated in isolation. They are interconnected and they represent a systemic threat to humanity. It is imperative that like-minded countries come together with the objective of revitalizing, adapting, and renewing our institutions to effectively address today’s significant challenges and to effectively deliver on the ambitious commitments set by the United Nations SDGs and the recently adopted Pact for the Future.

(02:03:03)
This can only be achieved through a system-wide reform that encompasses pivotal multilateral organizations, such as the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Health Organization, as well as the United Nations. The international rules-based order is not sustained by hopes or dreams. It is the product of robust international institutions and security constructs that are fit for purpose. Mr. President, as a member state of the United Nations, the organization of Islamic Cooperation, the Arab League, and the Gulf Cooperation Council, the Kingdom of Bahrain has always been committed to the path of multilateralism. We hold firmly to the belief that working alongside allies, and in accordance with the rules of international law, is the surest way of guaranteeing our long-term prosperity. This is also

Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa (02:04:00):

… why. In 2023, the Kingdom of Bahrain and the United States of America concluded a historic agreement to forge a new model for security and shared prosperity. The comprehensive security and integration and prosperity agreement is designed not as a bilateral arrangement, but as the beginning of a multilateral framework that aims to bring together countries with an equal interest in delivering stability and prosperity. It is a model for how nations can promote an inclusive vision grounded in mutual respect and shared goals. Partnerships such as these can go beyond the geopolitical dimension and enter the world of emerging technologies as well. Through meaningful international collaboration, we can harness the transformative potential of technologies such as artificial intelligence to advance shared goals of global development, peace, prosperity.

(02:04:55)
Doing so will require united global front though. And today, we call for an international treaty governing the development of artificial intelligence to ensure that these technologies contribute to peace rather than exacerbate existing conflicts and that they become forces for creation and innovation, not destruction and division.

(02:05:17)
The Kingdom of Bahrain believes that engaging in wide-ranging partnerships such as these will be crucial to advancing the cause of multilateralism and ensuring that cooperation becomes a cornerstone of our collective security frameworks. Through such agreements, we are confident that the Middle East and the global community can build a future rooted in peace, economic growth, and a rules-based international order that benefits all people.

(02:05:44)
Mr. president, distinguished delegates, the challenges we face today are not insurmountable if we act with a collective will and the determination to define a revitalized international architecture built on shared values and a renewed commitment to multilateralism that prioritizes the well-being of all nations. Some issues are just too important not to rise above our differences. Let us together reaffirm our shared responsibility to uphold and protect human dignity and ensure that the international order remains a force for good. We owe this to future generations, to the values we cherish and to the world we seek to protect. Learning to live together is indeed the noblest of endeavors. Thank you.

Speaker 11 (02:06:43):

On behalf of the Assembly, I wish to thank the Crown Prince and Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Bahrain. The Assembly will hear an address by Her Excellency Giorgia Meloni, President of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Italy. I request protocol to escort Her Excellency and invite her to address the Assembly.

Her Excellency Giorgia Meloni (02:07:37):

Mr. President, Mr. Secretary General, fellow delegates, ladies and gentlemen. The times we are living are very complex and the common characteristics of the challenges of these times force us to think about things in a completely different way. The wound caused to the international framework founded on rules from the war of aggression of Russia on Ukraine is indeed having destabilizing effects well beyond the borders with in which it is unfolding. And like a domino, it is contributing to reigniting or causing to explode other flashpoints of crisis. Democratic political systems are facing unprecedented dangers. Geoeconomic fragmentation is growing, bearing down consequences we must all deal with, especially the more fragile nations. The path toward a reduction in environmental emissions is at a crossroad in between ideological approaches and scarce solidarity, especially from the major emitters of greenhouse gases. The scarcity of water and energy have an ever deeper impact on development, on food security and the social stability of entire communities. The instrumental use of religious faith has become a source of tensions, or worse, of persecution. There are hundreds of millions of people throughout the world that suffer due to their profession of faith. And at the top as victims, there are Christians. We are witnessing the groundbreaking advent of generative artificial intelligence, a revolution that brings us to ask questions we could never imagine, although I’m not certain it is correct to call it intelligence because the intelligent being is the one who asks the questions, not the one to give answers through data processing. Either way, it’s a technology that unlike all the innovations we’ve seen through the course of history, sets a blueprint for a world in which progress is no longer meant to optimize human capacities, but to replace them with consequences that risk being dramatic, especially in the labor market, verticalizing and concentrating wealth even more.

(02:10:03)
It is not by chance that Italy wanted this to be at the top of its agenda of its G7 presidency because we want to do our part in defining a global governance for artificial intelligence, capable of reconciling innovation, rights, labor, intellectual property, freedom of expression, democracy. This complexity compounded by profoundly interconnected challenges, tells us first and foremost one thing; the problems of the global south are also the problems of the global north and vice versa. There are no longer homogeneous blocks and the interdependence of our destinies is a fact.

(02:10:47)
For this reason, we are called to think differently from the past. The challenge is to make a firm paradigm shift in our relations among nations and in the functioning of multilateral organisms. The goal is to build a model of cooperation that is completely new. I personally believe that this new model can and must be based on a few unfortunately not granted principles, that is mutual respect, fellowship and concreteness.

(02:11:20)
It means to have a report with one another on an equal footing to recover that ability to listen to others, to understand their thinking, which is the basis for any form of mutual trust. Precisely because we believe in this approach, Italy set all of its events for its year holding the G7 presidency in an open format with a very broad outreach involving all continents, the G20, the African Union, the financial and economic institutions and the multilateral development banks. We have shown that the G7 is not an armored fortress that wants to fend off anyone, rather an offering of values open to the world. I think of the turning point Italy has reached in its relations with Africa. We have made operative at the bilateral level our investment plan for Africa, the Mattei plan with pilot projects in nine African countries, creating strategic partnerships with each.

(02:12:21)
We structured operative synergies with the European Union’s global gateway and the partnership for global infrastructure and investment of the G7. We built new financial instruments with the African Bank for development and the World Bank to allow for flow of public and private resources. We devised innovative solutions such as the Apulia Food Security Initiative to strengthen food production and food security and the energy for growth in Africa to support the production and distribution of clean energy. We have decided to support strategic projects for Africa such as the Lobito Corridor. We have done all of this without ever ceasing to involve and exchange inputs with our African interlocutors. We intend not to impose but to share, and together choose priorities, sectors of intervention, areas of action. Where we could be an added value, we offered our perspective and our cooperation with projects that are already giving results.

(02:13:27)
In Algeria, we will render fertile 36,000 hectares of desert land for crop cultivation and build a local facility for processing and production. In Kenya with the development of a biofuel plant that will be completed by the end of 2025 and will sustain up to 200,000 small farming enterprises. In Ethiopia, with a large environmental recovery plan on the area of the Boi Lake in the west of the country. Because I want to reiterate this once again, our objective before tens of thousands of people who face desperate journeys to enter Europe illegally, is to first guarantee their right to not have to emigrate and to not have to cut their ties with their homeland simply because they have no other choice.

(02:14:20)
It’s a desperation on which reckless criminal organizations that are more and more powerful ramify profit. I proposed a year ago from this podium to declare a global war against human traffickers, and I’m happy to see that that appeal did not fall on deaf ears. First, in the G7, we found an agreement that gave life to an agreement coordination to dismantle criminal networks. The United Nations must do more however, because these criminal organizations are reproposing themselves under other forms, for example, slavery, understood as the commercialization of the human being, that this assembly and other times had a fundamental role in ridding the world of this definitively. We are not turning back to the past. Defeating the slave trade of the third millennium is possible and we can do so if we join forces with greater cooperation and joint initiatives among our police forces, intelligence services, judicial authorities, and adopting the formula, follow the money.

(02:15:28)
This was an intuition of great Italian judges, Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino, that became a model even at the international level to combat criminal organization. It is a method that Italy intends to use to strengthen its cooperation with Latin America, because there’s a common denominator that ties organizations that profit on human trafficking in Africa, and those who manage narco trafficking in Latin America or the abominable act of abducting children to render them sex slaves of rich men depriving them of their present and their future. In America Latina, where unfortunately as it happens in other regions of the world, it’s legitimate aspirations of freedom and democracy that of tens of millions of people continue to be unfulfilled.

(02:16:20)
Thinking in particular of the Venezuelan people, to which we give our full solidarity and support. The international community can just stand there and watch. Already after two months since the elections on the 28th of July, the election results have not been recognized. And at the same time there’s been a brutal repression, the death of tens of protesters, the arbitrary arrest of thousands of political opponents, the incrimination and banishing of the presidential candidate of the opposition. It is our duty to raise our voices.

(02:16:56)
Dear friends, in 2025, we’ll be celebrating the 80th anniversary of the Charter of the United Nations, the charter that enshrines the principles and values that at this time have been put into question by none other than a permanent member of the security council, but whose defense we will not back down. Because these are principles and values that are made for all as a guarantee, especially countries that are less equipped to defend themselves. No one is above the law, but this is needed even more to defend the more vulnerable. And for this reason, we cannot turn our backs in front of the right of Ukraine to defend its borders, its sovereignty, its freedom as we affirm the right of the state of Israel to defend itself from external attacks like the attack of the 7th of October.

(02:17:47)
At the same time we ask Israel to respect international law, protecting civilian populations, it too, a victim of Hamas and of its destructive choices. And following the same reasoning, we believe obviously in the right of the Palestinian people to their own state, but for this to happen, we need Palestinians to entrust it to a leadership that is inspired by dialogue, by stabilizing the Middle East and autonomy. The Abraham Accords have shown the possibility of an advantageous coexistence and cooperation on the basis of mutual recognition. If this is the basis on which we all have to work and it is today, the imperative is to reach without further delay a ceasefire in Gaza, and the immediate release of Israeli hostages. We cannot witness any longer tragedies like we’ve seen in these days in the south and east of Lebanon with the involvement of helpless civilians, many of which children.

(02:18:50)
That said, the anniversary next year gives us a historic opportunity to be finally aware whether we like it or not, that the problems that we have involve all of us. And we must be able to question ourselves with humility and awareness. And this imposes also a serious reflection about multilateralism on the capacity of international organizations to be up to task in this era to the challenges that we are facing. I’m talking about the United Nations and its capacity to reform, starting with what is useful and necessary and not from what is easier. Italy firmly believes that whatever reform of the architecture and the functioning of the United Nations, starting with the Security Council cannot go without considering the principles of equality, democracy and representativeness. It would be a mistake to create new hierarchies with new permanent seats. We are open to discuss the reform without prejudice, but we want a reform that serves to represent everyone better, not to represent better only a few. Colleagues delegates, ladies and gentlemen, it’s a difficult time, the one we have been called into govern our nations. And around this we see all changes. Everything is put into question. The very few certainties we thought we had are no longer the same. Destiny is challenging us, but in the end it is doing that to put us to the test. In the storm, we can show to be up to task in the work that we have to do. We can show citizens that we govern and show our children, we can show ourselves, probably ourselves even more importantly, as a great Italian patriot, Carlo Pisacane, the protagonist of the Risorgimento said, “Every compensation will be found at the bottom of my conscience.” We have to face problems instead of push them and kicking the can down to look at what is important, what is useful. This is our duty. It’s hard. It’s a hard task, but it’s necessary, and Italy as always is ready to do its part. Thank you.

Speaker 11 (02:21:09):

On behalf of the Assembly, I wish to thank the President of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Italy. The Assembly will hear an address by His Excellency Aziz Akhannouch, head of government of the Kingdom of Morocco. I request protocol to escort his Excellency and invite him to address the Assembly.

Aziz Akhannouch (02:22:03):

In the name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful, President of the Assembly, Secretary General of the United Nations, your majesties, your highnesses, excellencies, ladies and Gentlemen. It gives me great pleasure to begin by congratulating Mr. Philemon Young upon his election to the helm of the 79th session of the General Assembly of the United Nations. I wish him every success in his mandate. I also wish to thank your predecessor, Mr. Dennis Francis, for his efforts at the head of the previous session. I should like to take this opportunity to affirm the total support of the Kingdom of Morocco to the initiatives in the efforts of Mr. Guterres to allow our organization to tackle global challenges, and in particular, his initiatives on the Summit of the future.

(02:23:10)
Mr. President, every year we come together here and we face rapid complex developments in the international context, which we discuss. This transformation is fast. We have seen technological advances which have been very significant, especially in artificial intelligence. Of course, this aligns with the needs of our societies and the challenges that we face. The sense of collective security with regard to the very creation of the United Nations has given way to uncertainty now in many areas. These include the challenges that have to do with consumption, production, governance in the very structure of our societies.

(02:24:22)
This is what King Mohammed VI said, may God assist him, in the meeting of the World Bank and the IMF in Marrakesh. I have quoted the gist of what he said. “Our planet faces climate change which has imposed a new reality. In this context, data has shown that the problems that we are confronting should be overcome through multilateral organizations. Those organizations that were created in the wake of World War II.”

(02:25:19)
What we’re asking ourselves today is has multilateralism run up against its limit today? Do we need to choose between multilateral action and the values and the principles that bring us together? The ideals? Our ideals? Mr. president, the diplomatic doctrine of the Kingdom of Morocco is multilateral in its core. We focus on the ambition, clarity, and realism. We do this in order to achieve cooperation with our historic partners, a partnership that allows us to set up the necessary framework on the basis of effective solidarity and the sharing of experience, the goal of this being to tackle security and development challenges.

(02:26:21)
At the same time, the Kingdom of Morocco does not look for any short-term political opportunism. However, given our sense of realism, we need to travel the same path in order to confront the same challenges and the same threats. Now, it is not possible today to focus only on the failures of multilateral action. We also cannot content ourselves with merely declaring good intentions. We need new momentum. We need new reform, to which all segments, all strata of society, including women and young people can contribute. In the wake of the summit of the future, we need to bring on board all of these groups in order to implement a comprehensive multilateral program.

(02:27:36)
This is what developing countries need, including what they need is for us to bring our experience to bear for their benefit. Climate change, Mr. President, is among the greatest challenges that our planet faces. This is why there is a need to support the states of Africa. These states are most affected by the results and the consequences of climate change while these states are very minor contributors to pollution, which causes climate change.

(02:28:21)
We also need to be aware of the problem of debt. We need to take into consideration the constraints imposed on African states when it comes to climate change adaptation. This is why we call for the creation of financing mechanisms that are innovative in order to allow for a resolution of debt crises. We also need to reform the international financial architecture. This, in order to help developing countries achieve financing that allows for their economies to recover.

(02:29:13)
These countries should also contribute to multilateral development banks and these institutions must become more democratic in order to address debt crises more effectively. Indeed, such crises have a major impact on African countries’ economies. This is why the Kingdom of Morocco, which chairs the group of middle-income countries reiterates its call for multilateral actions to be taken. Actions aiming to preserve the economic momentum that has been accumulated by these countries. Mr. President, in keeping with the vision of His Majesty King Mohammed VI, may God assist him, Morocco calls for pragmatic, realistic multilateralism to serve the needs of the African continent. This, through effective mechanisms as regards decision-making. This is the approach of the Kingdom of Morocco and this is why the government of Morocco has applied this approach in various areas. These areas include climate change and combating terrorism inter alia. We work to implement social justice through structural workshops, which we have provided major resources to. Millions of people can benefit from direct social aid. Through this push. Mr. President, Morocco has turned toward the Atlantic. This is why we want to make the Sahel region an economically integrated area, a truly continental region. This is why King Mohammed VI, may God assist him, has worked to bolster collaboration between African countries. Through the Atlantic initiative for the Sahel, this initiative is in keeping with the cooperation between countries of the south and aims to show solidarity to make the Atlantic and African area an area of peace, stability, and development. Furthermore, his Majesty launched an ambitious initiative, an initiative that aims to facilitate the access of Sahel countries to the Atlantic buoyed by the conviction that these countries have the right to participate in the global economy. This initiative is a pillar for development, peace and prosperity in this part of the African continent.

(02:32:19)
Furthermore, building on this same solidarity, we have worked to create a agreement linking Nigeria and Morocco in order to ensure regional economic integration to promote the development of the Atlantic coast with 13 African states. The wisdom of our leaders and innovation that has been shown by our young people has allowed us to moon forward and we need further international solidarity in order to tackle all the challenges that we face. The Kingdom of Morocco is staunchly committed to the peaceful resolution of conflicts.

(02:33:10)
We have thus been working in order to achieve a peaceful solution to the issue of Moroccan Sahara, and this on the basis of the Morocco Autonomy Initiative in the context of Moroccan sovereignty, which will allow for the development of this region. Indeed, we will continue, and we’ve seen the support from many countries to this autonomy plan. That sends a clear message to the States and to the United Nations. Indeed, it is time to act. It is time to put in place a political solution on this basis through the various roundtables that have been organized, and in keeping with the relevant resolutions of the Security Council as well.

(02:34:04)
We support the efforts of the Secretary General of the United Nations and those of his special envoy to relaunch the political roundtables with the participation of the four parties concerned in order to achieve a realistic sustainable political solution based on consensus and based on the relevant security council resolution. His Majesty King Mohammed VI, may God assist him, has told the Secretary General that there can be no political process outside of these roundtables. The parameters of these roundtables have been set out by the United Nations with comprehensive participation by Algeria as well. No

Speaker 12 (02:35:00):

… No solution other than this Morocco autonomy plan can happen, and no political process without a ceasefire of the armed militias is possible. This was recalled by the members of the Security Council as well. Thus, the lived reality in Moroccan Sahara is reflected in unprecedented development in Morocco through the projects we put in place through our new development plan for the provinces of the south. This region has benefited from comprehensive assistance through people that are democratically elected through local councils at all levels and at all areas of political decision-making. So this has contributed to the political, social, and economic life of Morocco. This shows the territory integrity of Moroccan Sahara and the fact that it belongs to Morocco.

(02:36:11)
Mr. President, His Majesty King Mohammed VI, may God assist him during his statement at the 25th anniversary of his accession to the throne, recalled the tragedy lived by the Palestinian people, which is a brotherly people. So we join various other Muslim and Arab countries in expressing our extreme concern at the serious situation that is affecting the occupied Palestinian territory. Since the end of 2023, millions of victims, mainly civilians, women and children, have fallen victim to this aggression against Gaza, which is a blatant violation of international law and of all human values.

(02:37:08)
His Majesty King Mohammed VI called for setting aside the logic of crisis management to arrange for a sustainable solution that can put an end to the war in Gaza. This is an absolute priority. At the same time, we need a new political horizon, a horizon that allows us to reach a fair, lasting peace in the region. Second, the negotiation of a peace process between the Palestinian parties and the Israeli parties requires combating the extremist tendencies on both sides. Thirdly, the stability of the region is linked with the two-state solution. In the context of this solution, Gaza must be an integral part of Palestinian territory, a Palestinian state that must have East Jerusalem as its capital.

(02:38:16)
In this regard, His Majesty King Mohammed VI, as a chair of the Al-Quds Committee in the Islamic Organization for Cooperation, called for the delivery of food and medical aid to our brothers in Gaza. The Kingdom of Morocco expresses its profound concern as regards to the recent developments in the Middle East. Indeed, this situation is unprecedented and it is leading toward an extension of the regime which could lead to consequences that are difficult to anticipate.

(02:39:03)
His Majesty King Mohammed VI clarified that the lack of a political horizon in the context of the Palestinian question, is one of the most major factors in the resolution of this conflict in the Middle East. His Majesty has repeatedly warned that there could be serious consequences due to this lack of a political horizon. And he said that this could bring about a genuine tragedy, which could have serious consequences for peace and stability in the Middle East. This could also impact international peace and security.

(02:39:50)
I wish here to express the total solidarity of the Kingdom of Morocco with the brotherly country of Lebanon, which is experiencing genuine aggression. We respect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Lebanon.

(02:40:09)
President, there are numerous global challenges that face us today. This is why we need to appeal to our collective conscience. We need to rethink our working methods. We need to rethink our fundamental values. Well, we need to return to our fundamental values. Indeed, the United Nations has collective responsibility, which should encourage us to return to our values of humanity, the humanity that underpinned the very inception of this organization. Thus, reform is needed as we approach the 80th anniversary of the creation of our organization. The Social Summit to be held in 2025, the Sustainable Development Goals, the 2030 Agenda, these are all a vision and a roadmap for the work and for collective action to be done in order to avoid further delays in development. I thank you. May the peace of God be upon you.

Speaker 13 (02:41:16):

I wish to thank the head of government of the Kingdom of Morocco. The Assembly will hear an address by his Excellency, Alexandre de Croo, prime minister of the Kingdom of Belgium. I request protocol to escort his Excellency and invite him to address the Assembly.

President Alexander de Croo (02:41:53):

Mr. President, esteemed colleagues, ladies and gentlemen. As leaders from around the world, who flocked to the UN this week, they should only have one ambition: Find a way out of the conflicts in Sudan, the Middle East, Ukraine, and all too many other places. These conflicts are close to our homes and cities, bringing war and famine and terrible tragedies to families and societies.

(02:42:24)
When we take a brief look back in time, history teaches us a lesson. Just after Andrei Sakharov had developed the first Soviet hydrogen bomb in 1955, the nuclear arms race and Soviet doctrine seriously troubled him. Because he saw that human rights and human dignity were an absolute necessity. A precondition not just for nuclear security, but for prevention of war. The fight for human rights defined him and turned him into an international advocate, culminating in the Nobel Peace Prize 20 years later. In its remarks, the Nobel Committee noted that Sakharov fought against the abuse of power and all forms of violation of human dignity.

(02:43:14)
Looking at the world today, it is crucial to remember Sakharov’s legacy. Across the globe, human dignity and the rule of law are receding, and in many cases they are absent. And where the respect for human life and the promise of rule of law fades, armed conflict loom large. History might not repeat itself, but it surely rhymes.

(02:43:42)
In the Middle East, decades of dehumanizing enemy has led to a vicious cycle of violence, resulting in the killing of over 40,000 people in less than a year. This man-made conflict has proven one of the deadliest in decades. And this conflict didn’t start with a horrific terrorist attack against Israel killing over 1,400 Israeli citizens almost a year ago. But on the 7th of October, Belgium immediately acknowledged Israel’s right to defend itself, and we called for the unconditional release of all hostages.

(02:44:23)
Early on in the Gaza war, my government warned against the lack of respect for international humanitarian law on both sides, and the disproportionate attack with a blatant disregard for Palestinian civilian life. Almost one year later, we must certainly acknowledge that the extremes on both sides still set the tone of this conflict. Fanatics believe that military power can end this conflict. This is a delusion. To achieve peace, we need a proper roadmap, political courage, not mere tactics to remain in power another day.

(02:45:04)
We have been calling for an immediate and lasting ceasefire for many months, but today it seems more distant than ever. Hostilities need to stop before the whole region becomes engulfed in violence. Action speaks louder than words. Belgium has imposed a weapons embargo. We never seized our support to UNRWA and other humanitarian organizations. Together with the EU, we have imposed sanctions on Hamas, but also on extremist settlers and settler organizations. For every innocent life lost in Gaza, and every discovery of a dead hostage, the prospect of future peace may seem more distant than ever.

(02:45:54)
Today, Gaza lies in rubble. Over 15,000 people need prosthetics because of lost limbs. 10,000 of these victims are children. Where is human dignity in all of this? However, there is a way out. I’m convinced that it starts with the recognition of the right to exist of both Israel and Palestine, based on the 1967 borders. We should all engage with Palestinian and Israeli leaders who recognize these rights and who oppose both anti-Semitism, and anti-Palestinian feelings. Only then we can start articulating a viable pathway for a two-state solution.

(02:46:44)
Mr. President, dear colleagues. Vladimir Putin has been waging war in Europe for more than two years now, and there is one simple truth. He can stop the illegal and unprovoked invasion of Ukraine right now. His madness continues to have devastating consequences for the Ukrainian people. One man alone can stop the killing of thousand civilians, can end the continuous violence against Ukrainians whose future has been put on hold. Only he can end the shelling and the bombing, the indiscriminate attacks on bridges, on roads, on energy infrastructure, on hospitals, on schools, and on people’s houses. Widespread and disturbing brutality has been established by various independent international inquiries. None of us can and should look away.

(02:47:47)
Over the past year, the Belgian-Ukraine fund spent 1.7 billion euros on military equipment, humanitarian aid, and on the reconstruction of Ukraine’s hardest hit regions. Belgium’s development agency is helping Ukraine’s recovery and is preparing for joining the European Union. The people of Ukraine will be battling against another cold winter soon. That is why we are winterizing energy provision in hundreds of hospital.

(02:48:20)
Over the past two years, we have often pronounced the words, “For as long as it takes.” We do not take this promise lightly. As the Russians continue to bomb cities, Ukraine’s call for more air defense is pure self-protection. How else can they keep their citizens safe? The buildup of a strong Ukraine F-16 force is an integral part of our support. We will transfer all of our fighter jets when they leave the Belgian Air Force. The total amounts to at least 30 over the coming years. We want to help protect the people of Ukraine. The aggressor shall not win. And it is why our support for Ukraine stands strong. To all of you who aspire for peace, it will only come about when we force President Putin to stop his aggression against Ukraine.

(02:49:28)
Ladies and gentlemen, it is clear that we are living in a polarized and deeply divided world. This observation could lead us to believe that multilateralism has failed on all fronts. That would be a mistake. A year ago, a treaty that protects biodiversity on the high seas was adopted. This collective initiative proves that it is still possible to unite to tackle the climate and environmental emergency. The global response to mpox, and the reaction of the African CDC to the epidemic, are yet another example of progress. The European Union and Belgium have invested significantly in vaccine manufacturing and access in Africa.

(02:50:19)
We require more solidarity and cooperation. And these words may seem idealistic and naive, however, we can only overcome common challenges by working together. The world over extreme weather events are increasing. Just last week, heavy rainfall caused flooding across vast swathes of Central and Eastern Europe. Our planet and all forms of life that live on it face colossal challenges.

(02:50:56)
Now, however, is not the time to despair and to scale back our ambitions. On the contrary, human ingenuity, sustainable competition, and changing of deeply entrenched behavior can mitigate the effects of climate change and help us to adapt. We have ramped up our efforts to further scale up our ambitions for the climate and for the oceans. We stand ready to work with our partners, in particular in the most vulnerable African countries, by providing them with financing and by providing them capacity building.

(02:51:37)
This autumn, the COP on biodiversity in Cali and the COP on the climate in Baku will be yet more key movements for the future of the populations and the planet.

(02:51:50)
In all those years, talk about conflict prevention, peacebuilding and peacekeeping has multiplied. Unfortunately, this has not stopped conflicts from becoming more numerous, deadly and enduring. The number of aid workers killed has reached record highs. The number of refugees continue to rise year after year. Our common humanity seems to be in a deep crisis, which brings me back to the lessons of Andrei Sakharov, which he taught us. Where human rights and human dignity are absent, conflicts loom large and the most vulnerable bear the brunt. A new beginning with a pact for the future calls for and must therefore start with our recommitment to the UN Charter, to the rule of law, and to the respect for human dignity. I thank you.

Speaker 13 (02:52:58):

On behalf of the Assembly, I wish to thank the prime minister of the Kingdom of Belgium. We have heard the last speaker in the general debate for this meeting. We will continue the general debate tomorrow at 9:00 AM in the hall. The meeting is adjourned.

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