2024 United Nations General Assembly Day 4

... Partnership of countries willing to strengthen the multilateral system with the UN at its core. There was another flicker of hope this week. Security Council, presided by Slovenia my home country adopted a presidential statement on the leadership for peace. All 15 members of Security Council reaffirmed to maintain international peace and security and to commit to international law, including the UN Charter. It is a good start to re-energize our collective work for a better, more peaceful and more humane world. (00:42) Let me address some of the most pressing issues of today, and start with peace and security. Secretary-General António Guterres, who enjoys our full support and enormous respect, has repeated on several occasions that last year with the highest number of conflicts in decades, was also the deadliest one. Slovenia has been elected member of Security Council since January, and during this time we have observed and witnessed gradual but steady erosion of power of rules. The council is increasingly unable to respond in an effective way to major conflicts such as Gaza, Ukraine, or Sudan, and we are not doing any better in other crisis managements. (01:33) What we are witnessing in Ukraine is aggression of a stronger, more powerful neighbor upon a smaller and weaker one. This is clearly a blatant violation of the UN Charter, and if we're let this aggression to pass, we open the doors to many similar wars across the globe. (01:54) In Gaza, almost four months since the Council's resolution on ceasefire and hostage release, the deal is nowhere close. As the Secretary-General said yesterday at UNRWA meeting, "People in Gaza are existing not living. Existing among lakes of sewage, piles of rubbish and mountains of rubble. The only certainty they have is that tomorrow is going to be worse." In the West Bank and East Jerusalem violence and dehumanization of Palestinians is increasing and has reached a boiling point. All this is taking us further away from the two-state solution with Israelis and Palestinians living side by side in peace and security. Escalation of Gaza crisis into the region is now a reality. The region is at a brink of an abyss. De-escalation is urgently needed, starting with the ceasefires in Gaza and Lebanon. In Sudan, we are witnessing a man-made humanitarian catastrophe with millions displaced and in desperate need of humanitarian aid. At the same time, we are seeing the atrocity happening again in Darfur. How is this possible? Has Security Council really failed the humanity? To be honest, it is the permanent five Security Council members who bear most responsibility. By misusing veto power and putting national interest first, they effectively blocked the working of the UN Security Council. The concerns and pain that we feel for civilians, the condemnation of violations of the Charter, and of international humanitarian law, should not depend on our geographical or political proximity to the conflict. We should all put common interest first and the world would be a much better place. (04:10) Having said that, let me come to a reform model of Security Council. Our experience with the Security Council has given us renewed appreciation for the need to reform the Security Council. We urgently need a council that is a true representation of the international community, a council that is fit for the world of today. We need to ensure that the distribution of the seats is fair. The council needs stronger voices of the regions that have been underrepresented, such as African continent. Reform of Council's composition needs to be accompanied with the reform of the veto powers. (04:54) The reality is that we won't be able to eliminate veto, but we could definitely regulate this right of veto more precisely. The Security Council also needs to exercise its power with higher ambition when it comes to prevention of conflicts, and play a stronger role in peace-building activities that involve all aspects of the UN system. (05:25) Colleagues, let us not forget that United Nations are much more than the Security Council alone. We commend the work of nameless humanitarian workers who are on the ground in armed conflicts among the civilians representing the face of United Nations. Erosion of respect of international humanitarian law is making their work so much more difficult. Gaza conflict was however, a turning point in this regard. Mostly felt on the lifeline for people and nature, that is water, the most precious of the elements. Extreme weather events are multiplying water-related risks across the world. This global challenge demands a global and collaborative response. Solutions exist but are not equally accessible to everybody. The UN Secretary-General's, Early Warnings for All, initiative is the right step in this direction. As the catastrophic floods devastated my home country last year, we initiated development of an advanced digital solution linking earth observation with super computing and artificial intelligence. The system, when built, will help us predict floods and droughts and improve our resilience. We are ready to share this solution with our partners, globally. Remote sensing and earth observation inform our early warning systems, but we are fully aware that many countries lack the capacity to monitoring all the hazards and are restricted in their access. I call upon all to form a global partnership around the Early Warning for All to help overcome these challenges. The partnership would boost our common preparedness and ensure that everyone on earth is protected from hazardous weather, water, or climate events through life-saving early warning systems. Unfortunately, people suffering from armed conflicts do not have the luxury of high-tech solutions. More often than not, they are denied basic access to clean drinking water. Even more, we are increasingly seeing how access to water is becoming weaponized. In Yemen, Somalia, Gaza and Sudan. Slovenia decided to take initiative and relaunch the Global Alliance to Spare Water from Armed Conflict, together with a cross-regional group of countries. Such global partnerships are urgently needed to safeguard the human right to water for all. (08:10) And last but not least, on humanity, we need to make sure that people around the world age with dignity and rights. The current international human rights law offers only a fragmented and inconsistent framework for the full protection of human rights of elder persons. This is why we are leading a global action towards a legally binding instrument on human rights of older persons. (08:40) The world should spare no time to address the main issues related to gender equality, including the future developments and implementation of the Women, Peace and Security agenda. The UN should lead by example when it comes to the full, equal and meaningful role and leadership of women in our societies. In its entire history, the General Assembly has been led by only four women. We never had a female UN Secretary General. The time has come to reflect gender equality in top leadership positions of our organization. Slovenia has joined the supporters of the Rotation for Equality initiative, which calls for gender rotation in the position of the president of the United Nations General Assembly. In the times of crisis, children are always the most vulnerable ones. Today's world is increasingly hostile to children's rights. More children than ever are experiencing violence in all settings. Many have lost their lives, are forcibly displaced, exposed to most traumatic experiences, imprisoned, denied education and healthcare, and face extreme poverty and social exclusion. (10:02) Gaza is an example of extreme suffering of the children. Slovenia is offering concrete help with the foundation, Let them Dream, which is dealing with the rehabilitation of children from Gaza. It is an extremely noble and human project, which was launched years ago and has already helped hundreds of children from Gaza who came on rehabilitation in Slovenia and will continue to do so. Sadly, some of these kids were now already the victims of recent aggression on Gaza. (10:43) Let me finish with the story of the two young girls from Palestine. At the beginning of this week, I attended an event on missing futures in the Occupied Palestinian Territory organized by Save the Children. (10:57) At this event, I heard stories from two courageous girls, Sara and Rand. They spoke about their challenges in life. They spoke about their feelings. They spoke about their plans for the future. And despite all of the destruction, dehumanization, and fear, there was no anger nor hate in their stories. They just had this enormous wish to live a normal, decent life. They just had this enormous wish to be able to educate and study in order to be able to contribute back to their community. One wants to become a doctor, the second wants to become a humanitarian worker. (11:45) Today I fulfill my promise to them and I bring their story to the General Assembly. Only with our united call for peace and against war, we could make sure that Sara and Rand, and all the other children of Palestine and the world are not among the thousands missing futures of children under occupation. (12:13) I want to say this out loud and clear to the Israeli government. Stop the bloodshed. Stop the suffering. Bring the hostages home and end the occupation. Mr. Netanyahu, stop this war, now.

I wish to [inaudible 00:12:52]. The Assembly will hear an address by His Excellency Muhammad Shehbaz Sharif, Prime Minister of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. I request protocol to escort His Excellency and invite him to address the Assembly.

Bismillah Hir Rahman Nir Rahim. Mr. President, heads of states and government, excellencies, delegates, ladies and gentlemen, Assalamu'alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh, and a very good morning. And he said, "Oh, my father, I have seen 11 planets and the sun and moon bowing to me." He said, "Oh son, do not tell your story to your brothers. They will devise a scheme for you. The devil is the enemy of humans." (14:53) It's an honor for me to address the United Nations General Assembly for the second time as the prime minister of a country that has always been a pro-active member of the UN Assembly. I would like to congratulate you and wish you all the success, Mr. President on your election as the president of the 79th session of the UN General Assembly. I would also like to appreciate the efforts of Ambassador Dennis Francis for his skillful stewardship of the 78th session of the UNGA. (15:39) Mr. President, the father of our nation, Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, declared in 1947 that we stand by the United Nations Charter and will gladly make our full contribution to peace and prosperity of the world. Pakistan has stood by this commitment unwaveringly. (16:06) Today we are facing most daunting challenges to the world order. Israel's genocidal war in Gaza, a dangerous conflict in Ukraine, destructive conflicts across Africa and Asia, rising geopolitical tensions, resurging terrorism, galloping poverty, stifling debt, and the mounting impact of climate change. We feel the chill of a new world order. (16:43) In response to these challenges, our Secretary-General Antonio Guterres called for the Summit of the Future. It led to the adoption of the 54 actions on development, peace and security, technology and global governance in the Pact of the Future. (17:05) Mr. President, today I stand before you to express the searing pain and anguish of the people of Pakistan at the plight of the people of Gaza. Our heart bleeds as we witness the tragedy unfolding in the holy land. A tragedy that shakes the very conscience of humanity and the foundation of this institution. (17:35) Mr. President, can we as human beings remain silent while children lie buried under the rubble of their shattered homes? Can we turn a blind eye to mothers cradling the lifeless bodies of the children? This is not just a conflict, this is systematic slaughter of innocent people of Palestine. Ladies and gentlemen, an assault on the very essence of human life and dignity. The blood of Gaza's children stains the hands of not just the oppressors, but also those who are complicit in prolonging this cruel conflict. When we ignore their endless suffering, we diminish our humanity. It is not enough to condemn Mr. President. We must act now and demand an immediate end to this bloodshed. (18:40) We must remember that the blood and sacrifice of the innocent Palestinians will never go [inaudible 00:18:58]. We must worry about their plight and difficulties, and stand by them. We must work for durable peace through the two-state nation. We must seek a viable, secure, contiguous and sovereign State of Palestine based on the pre-1967 borders with Al-Quds Al-Sharif as its eternal capital. To advance these goals, Palestine must also be immediately admitted as a full member of the United Nations. (19:45) Mr. President, in a span of a few days, Israel's unrelenting bombing of Lebanon has killed over 500 people, including women and even small children. The failure to implement UN resolutions has emboldened Israel. It threaten to drag the entire Middle East into a war whose consequences could be very grave and beyond imagination. Similarly, like the people of Palestine, the people of Jammu and Kashmir too, have struggled for a century for their freedom and right to self-determination. Instead of moving towards peace, India has resiled from its commitments to implement the Security Council resolutions on Jammu and Kashmir. These resolutions mandate a plebiscite to enable the people of Jammu and Kashmir to exercise their fundamental right to self-determination. Ladies and gentlemen, since the 5th of August 2019, India has initiated unilateral illegal steps to impose what its leaders ominously call, a final solution for Jammu and Kashmir. (21:12) Day in and day out, 900,000 Indian troops terrorized the people of occupied Jammu and Kashmir with draconian measures, including prolonged curfews, extra-judicial killings, and the abduction of thousands of young Kashmiris. At the same time, in a classic settler colonial project, India is seizing Kashmiri lands and properties and settling outsiders into occupied Jammu and Kashmir in their nefarious design to transform the Muslim majority into a minority. This hackneyed tactic is employed by all occupying powers, but it has always failed. In Jammu and Kashmir too, it shall fail, by the grace of God. (22:08) Ladies and gentlemen, the Kashmiri people are resolute in rejection of the false Indian identity that New Delhi seeks to impose upon them. Very, very severe conditions and atrocities are being committed every hour. India's policy of brutal coercion and oppression in occupied Kashmir has ensured that Burhan Wani's legacy continues to inspire the struggle and sacrifices of millions of Kashmiris. Inspired by the legitimacy of their epic struggle, they remain defiant. Their heart-wrenching stories remind us that behind every statistic lies a human life, a dream deferred, and a hope shattered. Even more worryingly, it is engaged in massive expansion of its military capabilities, which are essentially deployed against Pakistan. Its war doctrines envisage a surprise attack and a limited war under the nuclear overhang. (23:31) Thoughtlessly, India has spurned Pakistan's proposals for a mutual strategic restraint regime. Its leadership has often threatened to cross the line of control and take over Azad Kashmir. Ladies and gentlemen, Mr. President, let me state in no uncertain terms that Pakistan will respond most decisively to any Indian aggression. Therefore, to secure durable peace, India must reverse the unilateral and illegal measures it has taken since 5th of August 2019, and enter into a dialogue for a peaceful resolution of the Jammu and Kashmir dispute in accordance with the UN security resolutions and the wishes of the Kashmiri people. Mr. President, remember, illegal occupation creates a fresh hell every day in the killing fields of Palestine and in the pristine valleys of occupied Jammu and Kashmir. Apart from conflicts, Mr. President, the 21st century has brought a cascade of crisis, including the reversal of development and the mounting impact of climate change. Two years ago, my country was devastated by catastrophic floods causing $30 billion in damages. It is now clear that each summer will bring blistering temperatures and trigger fresh climate impacts. Pakistan emits less than 1% of global carbon emissions, yet we have paid a very heavy price for no fault of ours. (25:33) This is most unfair in any calculus of global justice. We must uphold the axiom. The polluter must pay. Ladies and gentlemen, Pakistan looks forward to fulfillment of commitments made by our development partners to support the achievements of the SDGs and climate goals, including a new annual goal beyond a hundred billion dollars in climate finance. (26:06) Mr. President with nearly a hundred developing countries trapped in the vicious cycle of debt and liquidity crisis, which I always call a death trap rather than debt trap. Achieving the SDGs in these circumstances remain a distant mirage. The international financial architecture, which the Secretary-General has described as morally bankrupt, and the world trade and technology regimes must be reformed and aligned to promote development and global equity. (26:45) Mr. President, since assuming office in March this year, the progress and prosperity of my 240 million people has been my singular focus. We have taken some very difficult, but necessary decisions that have rescued our economy from collapse, restored macroeconomic stability, controlled physical deficits, and strengthened our reserves. As a result, inflation has come down to a single digit, by the grace of God, and the prospects for economic growth has revived. (27:27) I would like to explain this challenge and the way we are negotiating Mr. President by reciting a stanza from a poem which enormously makes me very emboldened, very brave and hardworking, and commit untiring efforts. This stanza is a befitting example of hard work, and of course, facing challenges and then pave the way for success stories. Stanza is, when things go wrong, as they sometimes will, when the road you're trudging is all uphill. When things go wrong, as they sometimes will, when the road you're trudging seems all uphill. When the credits are low and debts are high, when the credits are low and debts are high. When you want to smile, but you have to sigh. When you want to smile, you have to sigh. When care is pressing you down a bit, when care or health is pressing you down a bit, rest if you must, but don't you quit. This is how, Mr. President, we have learned to face our challenges and negotiate the most daunting challenges we have faced. (29:10) Mr. President situated at the crossroads of South and Central Asia and the Middle East, we have prioritized geo-economics and regional connectivity to score win-win outcomes for our people. The second phase of the landmark, China-Pakistan Economic Corridor has been successfully launched through the Apex Special Investment Facilitation Council. We are mobilizing investments in resilient infrastructure, renewable energy, minerals, sustainable agriculture and technology. This will herald a new era of development and modernization in my beloved country. (29:57) Ladies and gentlemen, for two decades, Pakistan has fought terrorism boldly and most successfully. Defeating terrorist groups within Pakistan, we have paid a very heavy price. 80,000 of our brave soldiers and civilians have been martyred, including innocent school-going children. The gory memories of APS school carnage haunt us till date. Our economy has suffered a loss of $150 billion. Unfortunately, today we are again confronted by a new wave of externally financed and sponsored terrorism, especially by the TTP Fitna al-Khawarij and its associates. Ladies and gentlemen, make no mistake inshallah, by the grace of God, we are determined to eliminate this threat as well through our comprehensive national effort by the name of Azm-e-Istehkam, meaning resolve to promote peace and stability. We will work collectively with the international community to combat all forms of terrorism and reform the global counter-terrorism architecture. (31:25) Mr. President Pakistan seeks the earliest possible normalization of the situation in Afghanistan. We joined the UN's appeal for $3 billion in humanitarian assistance to the millions of suffering Afghan brothers and sisters. At the same time, we endorse and share the international expectations that the Afghan interim government would respect human rights, including the rights of women and girls, and promote political inclusion. In particular, the interim government must take effective action to neutralize all terrorist groups within Afghanistan, especially those responsible for cross-border terrorism against neighboring countries. These include ISIL-K Daesh, the Al-Qaeda-associated TTP, Fitna al-Khawarij, Majeed Brigade, the BLA, and other terrorist groups, which unfortunately are seen on Afghan territory. (32:38) Mr. President, another troubling global development is the escalation of Islamophobia, which is now manifested by frequent desecration of the Holy Quran, attacks on mosques, negative stereotyping of Muslims, and acts of discrimination and violence against them. The most alarming manifestation of Islamophobia is the Hindu supremacist agenda in India. It aggressively seeks the subjugation of 200 million Muslims and the obliteration of India's Islamic heritage. Pakistan and the OIC will work with the UN Secretary General and a special envoy to implement a plan of action to combat the scourge. (33:33) Ladies in gentlemen, Pakistan seeks an immediate end to the tragic conflict in Ukraine and its peaceful resolution in accordance with the UN Charter and international agreements. (33:49) Ladies and gentlemen, Pakistan has a long and proud history of solidarity, friendship, and cooperation with the nations of Africa. We will continue to cooperate with them to counter terrorism and resolve regional conflicts including through UN peacekeeping and peace building in the region. (34:12) Finally, Mr. President, as we leave this August Hall, we must carry with us a message for our people, that the weak are not voiceless, that the oppressed should not lose hope, that poverty is not preordained, and that Allah Almighty's promise of justice and equality in our [inaudible 00:34:40] home must be respected. I thank you all. Thank you very much for your time. God bless you.

On behalf of the Assembly, I wish to thank the Prime Minister of the Islamic

Republic of Pakistan. The Assembly will hear an address by His Excellency, Benjamin Netanyahu, Prime Minister of the State of Israel. I request protocol to escort His Excellency and invite him to address the assembly. Order, please. Ladies and gentlemen, order. Order, please.

Mr. President. Ladies and gentlemen. I didn't intend to come here this year. My country is at war fighting for its life. But after I heard the lies and slanders leveled at my country by many of the speakers at this podium, I decided to come here and set the record straight. (36:55) I decided to come here to speak for my people, to speak for my country, to speak for the truth. And here's the truth. Israel seeks peace. Israel yearns for peace. Israel has made peace and will make peace again. Yet, we face savage enemies who seek our annihilation and we must defend ourselves against these savage murderers. Our enemies seek not only to destroy us, they seek to destroy our common civilization and return all of us to a dark age of tyranny and terror. (37:53) When I spoke here last year, I said we faced the same choice that Moses put before the people of Israel thousands of years ago. As we were about to enter the promised land, Moses told us that our actions will determine whether we bequeath to future generations, a blessing or a curse, and that is the choice we face today. The curse of Iran's unremitting aggression, or the blessing of a historic reconciliation between Arab and Jew. In the days that followed that speech, the blessing I spoke of came into sharper focus, a normalization deal between Saudi Arabia and Israel seemed closer than ever, but then came the curse of October 7th. (38:50) Thousands of Iranian-backed Hamas terrorists from Gaza burst into Israel in pickup trucks on motorcycles, and they committed unimaginable atrocities. They savagely murdered 1200 people. They raped and mutilated women. They beheaded men. They burned babies alive. They burned entire families alive, babies, children, parents, grandparents in scenes reminiscent of the Nazi Holocaust. Hamas kidnapped 251 people from dozens of different countries, dragging them into the dungeons of Gaza. Israel has brought home 154 of these hostages, including 117 who returned alive. I want to assure you, we will not rest until the remaining hostages are brought home too, and some of their family members are here with us today. I ask you to stand up. (39:57) With us is Eli Shtivi, whose son, Idan, was abducted from the Nova Music Festival. That was his crime, a music festival. And these murderous monsters took him. Kobi Samerano, whose son Yonatan was murdered and his corpse, his corpse, was taken into the dungeons ... into the terror tunnels of Gaza, a corpse held hostage. Salem Alatrash whose brother Muhammad, a brave Arab-Israeli soldier, was murdered. His body too was taken to Gaza and so was the body of Ifat Hayman's daughter, Inbar, who was brutally murdered at that same music festival. With us is Sharon Sharabi, whose brother Yossi was murdered, and who prays for his older brother Eli, who is still held hostage in Gaza. And with us too is Yizhar Lifshitz from kibbutz Nir Oz. A kibbutz that was wiped out by the terrorists. Thankfully, we achieved the release of his mother Yocheved, but his father Oded is still languishing in an underground terrorist hell of Hamas. I again promise you, we will return your loved ones home. We will not spare that effort, until this holy mission is accomplished. Ladies and gentlemen, the curse of October 7th began when Hamas invaded Israel from Gaza, but it didn't end there. Israel was soon forced to defend itself on six more war fronts organized by Iran. On October 8th, Hezbollah attacked us from Lebanon. Since then, they fired over 8,000 rockets at our towns and cities, at our civilians, at our children. Two weeks later, the Iran-backed Houthis in Yemen launched drones and missiles at Israel. The first of 250 such attacks including one yesterday, aimed at Tel Aviv. Iran's Shiite militias in Syria and Iraq have targeted Israel dozens of times over the past year as well, fueled by Iran, Palestinian terrorists in Judea and Samaria perpetrated scores of attacks there and throughout Israel. And last April, for the first time ever, Iran directly attacked Israel from its own territory, firing 300 drones, cruise missiles, and ballistic missiles at us. (42:50) I have a message for the tyrants of Tehran. If you strike us, we will strike you. There is no place ... there is no place in Iran that the long arm of Israel cannot reach. And that's true of the entire Middle East. Far from being lambs led to the slaughter, Israel's soldiers have fought back with incredible courage and with heroic sacrifice. And I have another message for this assembly and for the world outside this hall. We are winning. Ladies and gentlemen, as Israel defends itself against Iran in the seven front war, the line separating the blessing and the curse could not be more clear. (43:57) This is the map I presented here last year. It's a map of a blessing. It shows Israel, Israel and its Arab partners forming a land bridge connecting Asia and Europe between the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. Across this bridge, we will lay rail lines, energy pipelines, fiber optic cables, and this will serve the betterment of 2 billion people. Now, look at this second map. It's a map ... look at the second map. It's a map of a curse. It's a map of an arc of terror that Iran has created and imposed from the Indian Ocean to the Mediterranean. Iran's malignant arc has shut down international waterways. It cuts off trade. It destroys millions, destroys nations from within and inflicts misery on millions on the one hand ... on the one hand, a bright blessing, a future of hope. On the other hand, a dark future of despair. (45:16) And if you think this dark map is only a curse for Israel, if you think that, then you should think again because Iran's aggression, if it's not checked, will endanger every single country in the Middle East and many, many countries in the rest of the world. Because Iran seeks to impose its radicalism well beyond the Middle East. That's why it funds terror networks on five continents. That's why it builds ballistic missiles for nuclear warheads to threaten the entire world. For too long, the world has appeased Iran. It turns a blind eye to its internal repression. It turns a blind eye to its external aggression. Well, that appeasement must end and that appeasement must end now. (46:14) Nations of the world should support the brave people of Iran who want to rid themselves of this evil regime. Responsible governments should not only support Israel in rolling back Iran's aggression, they should join Israel. They should join Israel in stopping Iran's nuclear weapons program. In this body, in the Security Council, we're going to have a deliberation in a few months, and I call on the Security Council to snap back UN Security Council sanctions against Iran because we must all do everything in our power to ensure that Iran never gets nuclear weapons. For decades, I've been warning the world against Iran's nuclear program. Our actions delayed this program by perhaps a decade, but we haven't stopped it. We've delayed it, but we haven't stopped it. Iran now seeks to weaponize its nuclear program. For the sake of the peace and security of all your countries, for the sake of the peace and security of the entire world, we must not let that happen. And I assure you, Israel will do everything in its power to make sure it doesn't happen. (47:49) So, ladies and gentlemen, the question before us is simple. Which of these two maps that I showed you will shape our future? Will it be the blessings of peace and prosperity for Israel, our Arab partners and the rest of the world? Or will it be the curse in which Iran and its proxies spread carnage and chaos everywhere? Israel has already made its choice. We've decided to advance the blessing. We're building a partnership for peace with our Arab neighbors, while fighting the forces of terror that threaten that peace. For nearly a year, the brave men and women of the IDF have been systematically crushing Hamas terror army that once ruled Gaza. (48:38) On October 7th, the day of that invasion into Israel, that terror army numbered nearly 40,000 terrorists. It was armed with more than 15,000 rockets. It had 350 miles of terror tunnels, an underground network bigger than the New York subway system, which they used to wreak havoc above and below ground. A year later, the IDF has killed or captured more than half of these terrorists, destroyed over 90% of their rocket arsenal and eliminated the key segments of their terror, tunnel network. In major military operations, we destroyed nearly half of Hamas ... sorry, nearly all of Hamas terror battalions. 23 out of 24 battalions. Now, to complete our victory, we are focused on mopping up Hamas's remaining fighting capabilities. We are taking out senior terrorist commanders and destroying remaining terrorist infrastructure. But all the while, all the while, and I'll say this one more time, we remain focused on our sacred mission, bringing our hostages home, and we will not stop until that mission is complete. (50:04) Now ladies and gentlemen, even with Hamas's greatly diminished military capability, the terrorists still exercise some governing power in Gaza by stealing the food that we enable aid agencies to bring into Gaza. Hamas steals the food and then they hike the prices. They feed their bellies, and then they fill their coffers with money that they've stored from their own people. They sell the stolen food at exorbitant prices, and that's how they stay in power. Well, this too has to end and we're working to bring it to an end. And the reason is simple because if Hamas stays in power, it'll regroup rearm and attack Israel again and again and again as it is vowed to do so. So, Hamas has got to go. (51:13) Just imagine ... for those who say, well, Hamas has to stay. It has to be part of a postwar Gaza. Imagine in a postwar situation in World War II, imagine allowing the defeated Nazis in 1945 to rebuild Germany. It's inconceivable. It's ridiculous. It didn't happen then. It's not going to happen now. This is why Israel will reject any rule for Hamas in a postwar Gaza. We don't seek to resettle Gaza. What we seek is a demilitarized and de-radicalized Gaza. Only then, only then can we ensure that this round of fighting will be the last round of fighting. We are ready to work with regional and other partners to support a local civilian administration in Gaza committed to peaceful coexistence. (52:13) As for the hostages, I have a message for their Hamas captors. Let them go. Let them go. All of them. Those alive today must be returned alive and the remains of those whom you brutally killed must be returned to their families. Those families here with us today and others in Israel deserve to have a resting place for their loved ones, a place where they can grieve and remember them. This war ... ladies and gentlemen, this war can come to an end now. All that has to happen is for Hamas to surrender, lay down its arms, and release all the hostages. But if they don't ... but if they don't, we will fight until we achieve victory. Total victory. There is no substitute for it. (53:19) Israel must also defeat Hezbollah in Lebanon. Hezbollah is the quintessential terror organization in the world today. It has tentacles that span in all continents. It has murdered more Americans and more Frenchmen than any group, except Bin Laden. It's murdered the citizens of many countries represented in this room and it has attacked Israel viciously over the last 20 years. In the last year, completely unprovoked. A day after Hamas massacre, on October 7th, Hezbollah began attacks against Israel, which forced more than 60,000 Israelis on our northern border to leave their homes becoming refugees in their own land. Hezbollah turned vibrant towns in the north of Israel into ghost towns. (54:19) So, I want you to think about this in equivalent American terms. Just imagine if terrorists turned El Paso and San Diego into ghost towns. Then ask yourself, how long would the American government tolerate that? A day, a week, a month? I doubt they tolerate it even for a single day. Yet, Israel has been tolerating this intolerable situation for nearly a year. Well, I've come here today to say enough is enough. We won't rest until our citizens can return safely to their homes. We will not accept a terror army perched on our northern border able to perpetrate another October 7th-style massacre. (55:14) For 18 years, Hezbollah brazenly refused to implement UN Security Council Resolution 1701, which requires it to move its forces away from our borders. Instead, Hezbollah moved right up to our border. They secretly dug terror tunnels to infiltrate our communities and indiscriminately fired thousands of rockets into our towns and villages. They fire these rockets and missiles not from military sites. Not from that. They do that too, but they fire those rockets and missiles after they place them in schools, in hospitals, in apartment buildings, and in the private homes of the citizens of Lebanon. They endanger their own people. They put a missile in every kitchen, a rocket in every garage. I said to the people of Lebanon this week, "Get out of the deathtrap that Hezbollah has put you in. Don't let Nasrallah drag Lebanon into the abyss. We're not at war with you. We're at war with Hezbollah, which has hijacked your country and threatens to destroy ours." As long as Hezbollah chooses the path of war, Israel has no choice, and Israel has every right to remove this threat and return our citizens to their home safely. And that's exactly what we're doing. (56:49) Just this week, the IDF destroyed large percentages of Hezbollah's rockets, which had built with Iran's funding for three decades. We took out senior military commanders, who not only shed Israeli blood, but American and French blood as well. And then we took out their replacements and then the replacements of their replacements, and we'll continue degrading Hezbollah until all our objectives are made. Ladies and gentlemen, we're committed to removing the curse of terrorism that threatens all civilized societies. But to truly realize the blessing of a new Middle East, we must continue the path we paved with the Abraham Accords four years ago. Above all this means achieving a historic peace agreement between Israel and Saudi Arabia. (57:56) And having seen the blessings that we've already brought with the Abraham Accords, the millions of Israelis who've already flown back and forth across the Arabian Peninsula over the skies of Saudi Arabia to the Gulf countries. The trade, the tourism, the joint ventures, the peace. The peace. I say to you what blessings such a peace with Saudi Arabia would bring. It would be a boon to the security and economy of our two countries. It would boost trade and tourism across the region. It would help transform the Middle East into a global juggernaut. Our two countries could cooperate on energy, water, agriculture, artificial intelligence, and many, many other fields. Such a piece, I'm sure, would be a true pivot of history. It would usher in a historic reconciliation between the Arab world and Israel, between Islam and Judaism, between Mecca and Jerusalem. (59:03) While Israel is committed to achieving such a peace Iran and its terror proxies are committed to scuttling it. That's why one of the best ways to foil Iran's nefarious designs is to achieve the peace. Such a peace would be the foundation for an even broader Abrahamic alliance. And that alliance would include the United States, Israel, Kurd-Arab peace partners, Saudi Arabia, and others who choose the blessing of peace. It would advance security and prosperity across the Middle East and bring enormous benefits to the rest of the world. With American support and leadership, I believe this vision can materialize and much sooner than people think. And as the prime minister of Israel, I will do everything in my power to make it happen. This is an opportunity that we and the world should not let go by. Ladies and gentlemen, Israel has made its choice. We seek to move forward to a bright age of prosperity and peace. Iran and its proxies have also made their choice. They want to move back to a dark age of terror and war. And now I have a question and I pose that question to you. What choice will you make? Will your nation stand with Israel? Will you stand with democracy and peace, or will you stand with Iran? A brutal dictatorship that subjugates its own people, exports terrorism across the globe. In this battle, between good and evil, there must be no equivocation. When you stand with Israel, you stand for your own values and your own interests. Yes, we're defending ourselves, but we're also defending you against a common enemy that through violence and terror seeks to destroy our way of life. So, there should be no confusion about this, but unfortunately there is. A lot of it. In many countries and in this very hall, as I've just heard, good is portrayed as evil, and evil is portrayed as good. (01:01:28) We see this moral confusion when Israel is falsely accused of genocide, when we defend ourselves against enemies who tried to commit genocide against us. We see this too, when Israel is absurdly accused by the ICC prosecutor of deliberately starving Palestinians in Gaza. What an absurdity. We help bring in 700,000 tons of food into Gaza. That's more than 3000 calories a day for every man, woman, and child in Gaza. We see this moral confusion when Israel is falsely accused of deliberately targeting civilians. We don't want to see a single person, a single innocent person die. That's always a tragedy. And that's why we do so much to minimize civilian casualties, even as our enemies use civilians as human shields. And no army has done what Israel is doing to minimize civilian casualties. We drop flyers. We send text messages. We make phone calls by the millions to ensure that Palestinian civilians get out of harm's way. We spare no effort in this noble pursuit. (01:02:36) We see yet another profound moral confusion, when self-described progressives march against the democracy of Israel. Don't they realize they support the Iranian-backed goons in Tehran and in Gaza? The goons who gun down protesters, murder women for not covering their hair, and hang gays in public squares. Some progressives. According to the US, director of National Intelligence, Iran funds and fuels many of the protesters against Israel. Who knows maybe some of the protesters, or even many of the protesters outside this building now. (01:03:20) Ladies and gentlemen, King Solomon, who reigned in our eternal capital Jerusalem 3000 years ago proclaimed ... he proclaimed something that is familiar to all of you. He said, "There is nothing new under the sun." Well, in an age of space travel, quantum physics, and artificial intelligence, some would argue that's a debatable statement. But one thing is undeniable. There is definitely nothing new at the United Nations. Take it from me. I first spoke from this podium as Israel's ambassador to the UN in 1984. That's exactly 40 years ago. And in my maiden speech here ... I think it's the same podium, by the way. In my maiden speech here, I spoke against a proposal to expel Israel from this body. Four decades later, I find myself defending Israel against that same preposterous proposal. And who's leading the charge this time? Not Hamas, but Abbas. Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas. This is the man who claims he wants peace with Israel, yet he still refuses to condemn the horrific massacre of October 7th. He's still paying hundreds of millions to terrorists who murder Israelis and Americans. It's called pay for slay. The more you murder, the more you get paid. And he still wages unremitting diplomatic warfare against Israel's right to exist and against Israel's right to defend itself. And by the way, they amount to the same thing. Because if you can't defend yourself, you can't exist. Not in our neighborhood certainly, and maybe not in yours. (01:05:23) Standing at this podium, 40 years ago, I told the sponsors of that outrageous resolution to expel Israel, "Gentlemen, check your fanaticism at the door." Today, I tell President Abbas and all of you who would shamefully support that resolution. Check your fanaticism at the door. The singling out of the one and only Jewish state continues to be a moral stain on the United Nations. It has made this once respected institution contemptible in the eyes of decent people everywhere. But for the Palestinians, this UN house of darkness is home court. They know that in this swamp of anti-Semitic bile, there's an automatic majority willing to demonize the Jewish state on anything, In this anti-Israel, flat-Earth society, any false charge, any outlandish allegation can muster a majority. (01:06:28) In the last decade, there have been more resolutions passed against Israel in this hall at the UN General Assembly than against the entire world combined. Actually, more than twice as many. Since 2014, this body condemned Israel 174 times. It condemned all the other countries in the world 73 times. That's more than 100 extra condemnations for the Jewish state. What hypocrisy. What a double standard. What a joke. So, the UN's hostility ... (01:07:07) So, all the speeches you heard today, all the hostility directed at Israel this year. It's not about Gaza. It's about Israel. It's always been about Israel. About Israel's very existence. And I say to you, until Israel, until the Jewish state is treated like other nations, until this anti-Semitic swamp is drained, the UN will be viewed by fair-minded people everywhere as nothing more than a contemptuous farce. (01:07:54) Now, given the anti-Semitism at the UN, it should surprise no one that the prosecutor at the ICC, one of the UN's affiliated organs, is considering issuing arrest warrants against me and Israel's defense minister. The democratically-elected leaders of the Democratic state of Israel. The ICC prosecutor's rush to judgment, his refusal to treat Israel with its independent courts, the way other democracies are treated is hard to explain by anything other than pure anti- Semitism. (01:08:32) Ladies and gentlemen, the real war criminals are not in Israel. They're in Iran. They're in Gaza, in Syria, in Lebanon, in Yemen. Those of you who stand with these war criminals, those of you who stand with evil against good, with the curse against the blessing, those of you who do so should be ashamed of yourselves. But I have a message for you. Israel will win this battle. We'll win this battle because we don't have a choice. After generations ... after generations in which our people were slaughtered, remorselessly butchered, and no one raised a finger in our defense, we now have a state. We now have a brave army, an army of incomparable courage, and we are defending ourselves as the book of Samuel says in the Bible, "[foreign language 01:09:40]. The eternity of Israel will not falter." (01:09:45) In the Jewish people's epic journey from antiquity and our odyssey through the tempest and upheavals of

... modern times. That ancient promise has always been kept and it will hold true for all time. To borrow a great poet's phrase, Israel will not go gently into that good night. We will never need to rage against the dying of the light because the torch of Israel will forever shine bright. To the people of Israel and to the soldiers of Israel, I say be strong and of good courage. [foreign language 01:10:41]. The people of Israel live now, tomorrow, forever. Thank you.

On behalf of the assembly, I wish to thank the prime minister of the state of Israel. The assembly will hear and addressed by her Excellency Mia Amor Mottley, Prime Minister, Minister of National Security and the Public Service, and Minister for Finance, Economic Affairs and Investment of Barbados. I request protocol to escort her Excellency and invite her to address the assembly.

Mr. President, we need a reset and we need to reset. Mr. President, in your absence, I congratulate you on your assumption of this chairmanship of the General Assembly. (01:12:50) We can wait. As I said, Mr. President, we need a reset and we need to reset. Those of us here today representing our brothers and our sisters, the world over, have enjoyed four years of polycrisis. As the children of Mother Earth, we continue to wrestle with the climate crisis. As a human family, we grapple with the legacy of the pandemic. As a digitally connected people, we are now regrettably confronted by multiple theaters of war and scenes of horror and famine flowing from that war, armed conflict instead of pursued development, citizens of every country as well struggling to contain the rising cost of living and the implications for them and their families on a day-to-day basis. And Mr. Speaker Mr. President, we are all now threatened by the second but silent pandemic of antimicrobial resistance together with a growing incidence of death and disability from chronic non-communicable diseases. We cannot afford the distraction of war. If ever there was a time to pause and to reset, it is now. (01:14:32) Collectively as an international community and individually as leaders in each of our countries, we must now deliver new opportunities and solutions to these crises which dampen economic growth, which restrict the ambitions of our people and numb our sense of the beauty and goodness that the world ought to be offering because it has it to offer. (01:14:57) The reset for which I'm calling and indeed all of our citizens are demanding must see an end to all forms of discrimination, that rules and institutions today exist, which create first and second-class citizens as we have said from this podium year after year, depending on your nation of origin, militate against the trust and the credibility and the hope and it fosters a crisis of confidence in the existing international order, which must become inclusive and responsive for all. (01:15:32) More than any other complaint from this podium has been the disparity in treatment and the inability to be able to have fair and transparent treatment for all that would lead to the trust necessary for us to solve the problems of our times that are truly beyond man-made causes. Neocolonialist structures that perpetuate and reflect an all world order characterized by racism and classism and misogyny, while ignoring the legitimate aspirations of billions will not help to foster the hope or trust that is necessary to meet these polycrisis. We must ensure that the global institutions give developing countries, especially small vulnerable states like my own or vulnerable middle income countries, seats at the table of decision-making where we can be seen, heard, become active agents in our own cause and lead our own development paradigms. (01:16:34) My friends, we are reminded that 2024 is the final year of the United Nations decade for the people of African descent. Much has been achieved, but the recognition, the justice and the development for people of African descent that was promised by this decade has to say the least, not yet been fully realized, and it is for this reason that the Caribbean community joins the growing chorus and my own country in particular for the immediate proclamation of a second decade to complete the unfinished work and address the matter of reparations for slavery and colonialism. (01:17:20) I start here because this is a necessary but complex conversation, and the Caribbean community is resolute that it must happen. Its resolution lies, and I want to be very clear, its resolution lies in a multi-generational approach in the same way that the 20 million pounds sterling debt that was incurred by the British government only was repaid in this 21st century, almost 200 years later, so that the notion of unaffordability becomes a non-issue once we recognize that the solution to reparations must be multi-generational and grounded in development. (01:18:09) Mr. President, of necessity, the reset must also be characterized by institutional reform, which has to start in the United Nations councils. These councils suggest that some are full members and others are only part members and some may be part-time members and some may be occasional members. All of this has no place in the 21st century. And the anger and the mistrust of our citizens and institutions in leaders, in multilateralism and in the processes which exclude while yielding much talk and little action is very real. And nowhere is reform and consequential trust and hope more important to the well-being of billions of people today than in relation to the global financial architecture. Restricted access to capital. It's disproportionately high costs barring us from doing that which we must. It's inadequate scale and the overwhelming burden of debt often imposed on us by circumstances beyond our control. These are all now combining to force governments in the world's poorest countries, and frankly across, many vulnerable middle-income countries to devote more resources to debt service than to health and education, and in some instances even infrastructure. (01:19:41) For far too many members of the human family, cold ground is our bed and rock is our pillow. Too many go to bed with their bellies hungry, and too many may not even have a bed. Our reset must therefore collectively build a common agenda that reflects and reinforces our shared humanity. It is that shared humanity that binds us together. (01:20:12) Mr. President, you know better than most our African brothers and sisters got it right with the principle of Ubuntu and have used this principle, this General Assembly to remind us that it's simplicity is what we should aspire to. I am because you are. I am because we are. My well-being is tied to yours and our collective wellbeing is connected to Mother Earth's. This best voices the approach needed to give expression to the reset that is absolutely necessary. (01:20:53) And we acknowledge that there are glimpses of hope. We have for example, on Monday, agreed to a pact for the future, but we still have war. We have agreed on a global digital compact, but we still have raging pandemics in the slow motion silent pandemic. All of this rests, my friends, on the common agenda that the Secretary General had set out for us before. Yesterday, we agreed in a high-level meeting on a political declaration on antimicrobial resistance. A lot of fancy words, but this is where the rubber hits the road because all of us in this room know people who have died from infections and for whom the antibiotics simply are no longer effective so that within 48 hours a person's life is snuffed out almost as if they were at war. (01:21:49) My friends, following on the convention of the Bridgetown initiative and the Paris Pact for people and planet, the efforts of many across the board, we acknowledge that there is some hope, and it is evident in the beginnings of the reform that we are seeing little by little, but nevertheless they have started. These are all important steps, but we cannot take our eyes off the prize. Barbados is called for fundamental reset, includes attitudes and behavior as much as actions or reforms. (01:22:28) Heads of government are in agree that we must trigger national development agendas of transformation with both speed and scale. We have a date with destiny against 1.5 degrees. We know that that is what is needed to survive, and the implications for people even as we speak can be there, but if there is a failure to act with clarity of purpose and if the political will retards progress on the front of the much-needed reform within the international financial institutions purely because heads of government do not speak the ministers of finance when they reach Washington DC or their board directors, if there's a need for that to be dealt with, then my friends, there must be a commitment to be equal to the current challenges of member states if we are not to perpetuate the discriminatory practices that result in undermining the transformational opportunities that we need. (01:23:34) Depriving vulnerable countries from being able to access concessional income that is long enough to build a resilience to save lives and to protect livelihoods is unjust, and that is why we must remain focused. That is why, my friends, we launched yesterday the third iteration of the Bridgetown initiative, which identifies three key principles, very simply. One, we must change the rules of the international financial system and reform its governance and instruments. Two, we must shockproof vulnerable economies by dealing with debt and liquidity in a comprehensive development focused manner. And if we need to give countries a shot of liquidity like we give them a shot of adrenaline to avoid them falling off the cliff of death, then we must do so. And thirdly, we must augment financing by boosting country capacity to invest in resilience by several means, including what has been announced already, the rechanneling of special drawing rights through our multilateral development partners, but that will only be truly effective if there is another issuance of SDRs in the near future. (01:24:47) Indeed, we must also address the challenge, and this I believe to be the fundamental mission of this generation of how we are going to secure the global public commons to be able to maintain our safety and stability as a global community. We're going to have to discuss how we can secure it and of course how we must finance it. And that is not only the climate crisis or the loss of biodiversity that we speak about, but the other many global challenges that can truly destabilize countries and regions. (01:25:25) Mr. President, these considerations are fundamental importance to the sustainable existence of our generations future generations. The SIDS' agenda is another story of promises made but not kept. 30 years ago, the international community gathered in my own country to take action for the first time on the unique challenges faced by small island developing states, we birthed in my home country the first ever global agenda for small island developing states which became known as the Barbados Program of Action. I thank Mauritius for its strategy of implementation, Samoa for its pathway. They were carriers of the baton of a development agenda for small island developing states in the intervening years, in the face of multiple global crises from health to climate to finance. The vulnerabilities, yes, of our countries as small states have become more pronounced. (01:26:24) In May of this year, we gathered in Antigua and Barbuda for the fourth international conference on small island developing states. And I call on the international community and the multilateral system to let us work together to ensure that the promise created in Bridgetown in 1994 is delivered and realized through the Antigua and Barbuda agenda for SIDS 2024, otherwise known as ABAS. (01:26:53) Let me use this opportunity as well to inform you that two days ago we took over the presidency of the Climate Vulnerable Forum, the V20 countries of the world from Ghana whose president I would like to thank for the excellent stewardship of the group over the past two years and indeed for the strengthening of its institutional capacity. The priorities of our term as chair of the V20 countries will be the multiple dimensions of climate crisis, dealing with them, the impact of the climate crisis on human health, and of course the issue of debt and climate because if we don't solve that, we cannot take the appropriate actions to deal with climate. (01:27:36) I invite all United Nation members who are not yet members of the V20 but who are climate vulnerable to join this group because it is only through amplification of our voices and consistency of our message and solidarity that we will continue to see the pace and scale of reforms that we need to be able to save our people's lives. I commend to you the Declaration of the Leaders of the Climate Vulnerable Forum that was adopted this week on Wednesday. (01:28:11) Mr. President, above all else, we need a global reset on peace. There needs to be global peace, and those of us who are old enough would've recognized that there are peaks and valleys as it relates to this issue of conflict. There are few areas where the world is more in need of the United Nations acting as the United Nations to secure the objectives of the Charter than in the area of peace and security. (01:28:50) The silence that is engulfed Sudan is unacceptable and may well be rooted in the racism that the world still carries as a badge of honor from the victories of the last great war of the World War II. The actions in Myanmar cannot continue. Ukraine has sucked more oxygen out of the global community and the global financial system than any of us can appropriately accept at that very time when the world needs to be applying its resources and efforts to fight in the greatest crisis known to mankind. And the spread of the war from Gaza to the consequences in the West Bank to now clearly what is happening in Lebanon as we speak with Israel, all of these are about the tip of an iceberg of death, violence and instability and robs the global community of oxygen and resources at the very time when we need it most in a strategic way. (01:30:06) We all know, as students of history, that even the longest war in history came to an end. These wars, yes, they too will come to an end, but the question is when and at what cost, and without much loss of life, with how many children not being able to be either given the chance to live or will now live with memories of war that will affect their every action for the next 60, 70, 80 years of their lives. Innocent people are paying the price with the one thing that is theirs to give and they don't give it willingly. It is their life. (01:30:51) Unless we address the root causes of these wars one by one and in manners in which they're being sustained and financed, we will never, never know anything else other than war and rumors of war in these theaters. The transmittal of these scenes of horror in real time into people's bedrooms, into people's living rooms will trigger two extreme reactions, neither of which are acceptable to us in the third decade of the 21st century. We will either get the desensitizing of ordinary people to the loss of lives, especially those of innocent children and women on the one hand, or we will get on the other hand, the anger and inclination for vengeance that it spawns necessarily. We need peace and it cannot be too difficult for us to work for peace. It is the same Bible that tells us in the stories of the Old Testament, much which has guided many people across this world. But when we turn from the Old Testament to the New Testament, it is Romans that says to us, "Vengeance is mine, saith the Lord," not any country, not any human being, so that the Bible can't be used as a convenient aid when it suits us and rejected when it doesn't. (01:32:37) In the midst of this maelstrom, we were very clear. My country took the step this year of recognizing and establishing diplomatic relations with the State of Palestine in spite of having supported a two-state solution since 1969. And we did this because it is clear to us that the state and people of Palestine, human beings are entitled to full recognition by integration into and support from the international community. The Charter does not say we the people with the exception of any one group from any one part of the world. We join with others, therefore, in congratulating the State of Palestine and taking their seat among the United Nations member states as they did on the 10th of September of this year. (01:33:36) And let me be clear, we condemn the actions of Hamas on October 7th, but we equally and strongly deplore the humanitarian catastrophe in Gaza, which is the result of the disproportionate use of force by Israel. There is no justification for it. And that is why treaties exist governing the rules of engagement for war because we as human beings learn better and know better and committed to better. A two-state solution, no matter how elusive it may appear to be now, is the only answer. And I've said already this week that we have known difficult battles in mankind's history, but when we were in it, we didn't think we could achieve it, but we did. We abolished slavery. We removed apartheid in South Africa. These diff battles are not beyond our creativity, our capacity, and our resilience to resolve them. (01:34:45) Similarly, we insist that the killing in Ukraine really has to stop. The people of Ukraine must be allowed to live within the internationally recognized boundaries of their state in peace and freedom from the threat of use or force. And as I said, it is sucking too much oxygen out of the global financial system, and countries that should be the beneficiary of aid are being told that they may have to wait in the interest of the defense of others because of war. I say to us truly there has to be a singular commitment to build a peace, truly. (01:35:25) Mr. President, my own region has not escaped the scourge of instability and violence. The Americans do not constitute today a theater of war, but we are today witnessing, for some years, now an unprecedented escalation in the number and caliber of assault weapons which are finding themselves in the hands of criminals who are wreaking havoc on the legal systems and our societies, particularly in the small island developing states of the Caribbean and indeed in the wider states of central and Latin America. This scourge caused by guns manufactured in the United States of America primarily also requires a fundamental reset. The right of persons to bear arms in countries not engaged in military conflict should not be an opening to accept as legitimate the presence of assault weapons in countries. It is simply not right. There is no place for assault weapons in our societies. (01:36:27) I turn now to the fate of the people of Haiti, which continues to be of major concern to our people in the Caribbean region. The global community now has an opportunity for an essential reset with how it addresses its relationship with Haiti and which has been born in all kinds of semi and partial concern over the course of the last few decades. We continue to have it as a recurring decimal because we have failed to solve the problems and put them on a sustainable path to development for its people. What is needed is transformation of our system nation. And yes, we must provide first and foremost security, but transformation must be its handmaiden. The government and people of Haiti need the full support of the international community, not just in the short term but in the long term. And yes, this starts by extending the mandate of the multinational security support force, escalating the work of the United Nations, deploying all the tools of bilateral, regional and global cooperation, not excluding countries who want to participate for spurious reasons, ensuring that those of us who can step up to the plate by significantly increasing the pledge funds that we do so because we know that it takes cash to be able to deploy the forces and the police necessary to help with the restoration so that Haitian mother or that Haitian child can go about their day-to-day life without fear of being assaulted or killed or being denied the right to work because of their simple fear of walking the streets. (01:38:25) The Caribbean community has been working hard this year to support our largest member state. And in the early part of the first few months of this year, we met on Haiti almost three to four times a week to guarantee the stability that we ask you now to help us secure. We thank the efforts of the eminent persons group of former CARICOM prime ministers who were on the front line of helping to resolve this complex problem day in and day out so that we could find a political consensus for Haiti that Haiti had at this General Assembly. Both the interim president of the Transitional Council and Prime Minister Conille is a remarkable achievement given where Haiti was in February of this year. Let them continue on a path, please, of securing their future. (01:39:19) And we cannot be on this podium speaking about Haiti without thanking Kenya and President Ruto for their remarkable leadership. After many delays and in what represents now a historical precedent for an African country, they have ensured that an African country has taken the lead in helping to tackle the peace and security challenge beyond its own continent. That is the kind of reset that we need in the international community. (01:39:56) And Mr. President, you cannot come on this platform regrettably, although I look forward to the day when I will not have to say it, when we must ask for reprieve for the people of Cuba. It is unacceptable. It is unconscionable and that it continues today is a mark on our international conscience. The Cuban people continue to face the most dire of economic circumstances and that this is directly as a result of its exclusion and its designation as a state sponsor of terrorism. And I have addressed our only knowledge of terrorism, and Cuba is in fact the dungeon of the Cubana plain off the waters of Barbados where Cubans, Guyanese and Koreans were killed. (01:40:48) My friends, Cuba has been a valuable partner stepping up for us when it has mattered most by the provision of nurses and doctors in pandemics and by the provision of other essential workers when the global community needed it and when people needed to be liberated in Southern Africa. The reality is that we must have and continue to have resolve in calling for the embargo to be lifted and we will condemn it year after year after year because it is simply wrong. (01:41:23) As we say so, we pray that the people of Cuba, as they determine what damages they have found from Hurricane Helen as well, as we pray for the people of Florida who clearly are going to spend the next few days identifying the damage as a result of a hurricane that hit category four when it reached Florida. This is the climate crisis that we speak about. The people of Nigeria are still counting the bodies with respect to the floods that took place there. We have hard work to do. (01:41:57) In our own Caribbean region Beryl literally decimated the islands of Carriacou and Union Island and indeed would've affected Grenada and St. Vincent. More broadly, Jamaica and my own country's coastal infrastructure was significantly affected with our fishing industry, 90% of it being decimated. This season of superlatives with its floods and droughts, its hurricanes and fires will take the lives and livelihoods of too many. The climate crisis is hitting us almost weekly across the globe. The deniers of the climate crisis, they too need a reset, a reset that will admit of the absolute necessity of collective action by the global community to save our way of life and our planet. (01:42:48) Mr. President, at the start of this week, the skies were much darker. I truly believe so. We are starting to see some glimmers of light. We leave New York this week noting that the clouds are lifting, conscious that the sun is peeping out in certain areas, not all, but in certain critical areas, given us a sense of renewed hope. That reset is in fact not only possible but necessary in key areas, institutional reform, reform in our financial architecture, reform in how we view development, but above all else, reform in how we see each other and value each other. (01:43:33) This hope springs from the pack for the future and the many declarations that we have made here. The terms in which my fellow leaders spoke from this platform for the most part, the urgent need to recognize reset, reset, reset, even if they didn't call it by that name. It is as if we all truly understand and accept the challenge of rising to solve the major difficulties that are faced by the people of the world and to recognize that global moral strategic leadership requires of us the commitment to redress the wrongs and to take care of saving people and planet. But recognition of the need for the reset, while it is the first step in any issue, what is now also needed is eternal vigilance as our companion so that as we take the steps to transform attitudes and institutions and rules, we will not succeed overnight, we will not succeed even in the next decade, but if we don't do the reset to change the legacy of centuries of exploitation and domination, we will not be fit for purpose to meet the needs of our people in the third decade of the 21st century. (01:44:51) I can think, therefore, of no better way to conclude than with a song that I had caused to use almost 30 years ago from my own country,

... song from Edwin Yearwood. When I first stood on this podium almost 30 years ago in 1995 as a young minister of youth, and I quote, "A voice in my head keeps talking to me. It tells me the road is long. It tells me we must be strong. Roll with the pain and roll with the strife for today is the rest of the start of your life." Mr. President made a new hope fostered here this week. Signal the start of a new deal for people who hitherto were not seen, and even with the existence of this body, whose voice and presence were not felt. These people have been recognized too often and these countries as mere statistics and not with the human dignity that is their birthright or the human dignity that is the inferred right from these United Nations. Mr. President, I thank you.

On behalf of the assembly, I wish to thank the Prime Minister, minister for national security in the public service and minister for finance, economic affairs, and investment of Barbados. The assembly will now hear an address by His Excellency Tshering Tobgay, Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Bhutan. I request protocol to escort his Excellency and invite him to address the assembly.

Mr. President, Mr. Secretary General, Excellencies, distinguished delegates, I bring to you warm greetings from His Majesty, the Druk Gyalpo. Excellencies, 53 years ago, on the 21st of September, 1971, a small Himalayan kingdom was admitted to the United Nations. On that day, after centuries of self-imposed isolation, Bhutan became the 128th member of the United Nations. It was a defining moment for us. It was a defining moment for us when a small, poor, landlocked country nestled in the world's highest mountain joined the global community of nations. That same year, the United Nations created the least developed country category to provide targeted support to the world's poorest nations. Bhutan was among the first to be admitted in that list. Back then, our economy was primarily agrarian, operating largely on a barter system. Our per capita GDP income stood at just 215 US dollars. Life expectancy was barely 40 years. Infant mortality was tragically high at 142 deaths for every 1000 live births. And our literacy rate was woefully low. (01:48:51) We had only, in fact, less than 300 students in the few scattered schools that had been established to provide modern education. Today, I stand before you with a story of transformation and progress. Our per capita GDP has risen to more than 3,500 US dollars. Life expectancy has increased to 70 years. Infant mortality has plummeted to 15 deaths per 1000 live births. And our literacy rate, it has climbed to 71%, with youth literacy skyrocketing to 99%. I'm pleased to report to this August assembly that because of our all-around progress, last December, 52 years after joining the United Nations, Bhutan graduated from the LDC category. To achieve this achievement did not come easily. It was a journey marked by hard work, perseverance, and sacrifice, but we were not alone. We had the support of many friends who accompanied us on this important journey. I take this opportunity to extend our deep gratitude to the United Nations and its specialized agencies. I would also like to thank all our development partners, including Japan, the European Union, the World Bank, and the Asian Development Bank for their unwavering support. (01:50:41) But most importantly, I would like to reserve our deepest thanks to India, our closest friend and neighbor. They have been with us from the very beginning of our development journey and have remained steadfast in their support and friendship. Excellencies, graduating from the LDC category is a significant milestone, but what truly matters is that we did it in our own terms. Under the leadership of our enlightened monarchs, Bhutan has pursued a development path grounded in the philosophy of gross national happiness. This approach places the happiness and well-being of our people at the center of our development agenda. Thanks to gross national happiness, our economy, while it is still small, is sustainable and inclusive. Healthcare and education are free for all. Our unique culture not only survives but thrives. More than 72% of our land is under forest cover, and we are recognized as a biodiversity hotspot and a carbon-negative country. Our democracy, a gift from our king, has been embraced by a reluctant population. Excellencies, having graduated from the LDC category, it is now our responsibility to ensure that we sustain a hard-earned progress, and that under no circumstances should we ever backslide. As we chart a new course for the future, we are faced with new challenges, particularly those arising from our weak economy. Foremost among them is youth unemployment. To address these challenges, we must strengthen our economy. We must provide our youths with meaningful opportunities to grow and to prosper. We must embrace a new development paradigm. In this context, I'm pleased to report that His Majesty, the king, has announced the establishment of the Gelephu mindfulness city. The Gelephu mindfulness city is a transformative vision for future urban spaces, a blueprint for living mindfully and sustainably. Spanning 2,600 square kilometers of pristine forests and fertile farmlands, it will enable human innovation and natural ecosystems to thrive together while fostering human wellbeing, environmental sustainability, and mindful living. We invite thought leaders, innovators, and investors to join us in building this groundbreaking city, contributing to a model of peace, harmony, and progress that others can follow. (01:53:57) Excellencies, Bhutan story is one of hope, but it is also a call to action. More than 50 years have passed and only seven nations have graduated from the LDC category, leaving 46 countries still in need. This is unacceptable. The international community must intensify its efforts to ensure that no nation is left behind, that all LDC countries achieve graduation. To accomplish this, we must address poverty, inequality, and vulnerability with a renewed sense of urgency. The pact for the future which we adopted collectively at the summit of the future, provides us with a roadmap to transform the lives of the world's most vulnerable. However, transforming the future requires that we also transform institutions shaping it. The United Nations must evolve to meet the realities of today's world. The security council, as it stands, is a relic of the past. We need a council that reflects the current geopolitical economic landscape and social realities. Bhutan has long advocated for the reform of the security council to make it more representative and effective. For this India, with its significant economic growth and population, and leadership of the global South, deserves a permanent seat at the Security council. Similarly, Japan, a leading donor and peaceful builder warrants permanent membership. Excellencies, in conclusion, let me reiterate our deep gratitude for the support we have received on Bhutan's journey to LDC graduation. Now we are committed to sustaining this progress, but we will need your continued support. In this regard, we invite your support and investment in initiatives like the Gelephu mindfulness city. (01:56:29) However, as we celebrate Bhutan's progress, we must also intensify our efforts to support other LDCs, ensuring that they too can achieve graduation. In this regard, the role of the United Nations is more critical than ever, reinforcing the imperative for multilateralism in addressing the global challenges we face. As we look to the future, I have the honor to close by repeating a profound message from His Majesty, our beloved king. I first did so seven years ago, and I repeat, "No nation today can stand alone in achievement. Time is slowly telling us that there can be no lasting individual success without success as a community. And there cannot be lasting national progress and success if it does not fit into a future of global peace, harmony, and equality. The world must progress together or fail together." Thank you and [foreign language 01:57:42]

On behalf of the Assembly, I wish to thank the prime minister of the Kingdom of Bhutan. The Assembly will now hear an address by His Excellency, Xavier Espot Zamora, head of the government of the Principality of Andorra. I request protocol to escort His Excellency and invite him to address the Assembly.

Mr. President, Secretary General, Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, allow me to begin by my congratulations to His Excellency, Mr. Philemon Yang, on his election as president of the 79th General Assembly. I would like to thank you, President, for having chosen unity in diversity, sustainable development and human dignity everywhere for everyone as the theme. Andorra could not be any more in agreement than we are with this goal, which we fully support because my country is tangible, real proof that people are able to live together peacefully for more than 800 years. Indeed, thanks to our understanding and mutual respect shown by our inhabitants, our country has never had a war, and we've never had an army. Andorra has always been an oasis of peace, tolerance, and cohabitation, including during the most troubled times of the old continent. I'd also particularly like to thank the Secretary General, Mr. António Guterres for his perseverance, for always preferring the path of conciliation and for his message in favor of international law and against climate change. (01:59:44) I would also like to stress the impetus that the Secretary General has given to the Summit of the Future, which gave rise to the pact for the future that my country has signed. The goal of this is to strengthen the multilateral system, to adopt concrete measures, to address new challenges and establish a roadmap, to address existential risks to humanity, civilization, and most people on earth. Classical authors, they are the basis of western culture. They tell us, and I use the present tense because they never die, they say that all speech is vain and empty unless it be accompanied by action. What is important are the things that we do throughout our lives. All civilizations are born in specific circumstances, and very often, they go down in history thanks to their conquests. But what is the conquest of this civilization? What is its vocation? And what is the heritage that it will leave behind? Or rather, what is the conquest, vocation, and heritage that we want this civilization to leave to future generations? (02:00:58) Ladies and gentlemen, today in the West, we very often forget that democracy goes over and above as simply putting your ballot in the box every four or five years. The very substance of the concept of democracy is the values involved, dignity, tolerance, equality, freedom, respect for people and nations. These values are human rights. The rights that this General Assembly has decided to protect 76 years ago by adopting the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. It would seem that the spirit in which this declaration was forged a symbol of peace and dignity following two devastating world wars is failing little by little. The forward march of extremist political positions is a reaction in the light of something that is viewed as a threat, an order that's viewed as a threat. The feeling that a recent past has been lost and it's better than the present, that has invaded current generations, and heightened by the idea that climate change will worsen living conditions, and that globalization and migration flows will dilute and depersonalize our societies, and that children and young people today will live less well than their parents did. (02:02:15) We find ourselves at a key moment in history where the debate cannot be hidden behind rhetorical language to avoid the situation. We will soon be celebrating the 80th anniversary of the United Nations, and this organization must continue to be the cornerstone of our world to be an organization where states and the nations that make it up are moving in the same direction with the same goal to respond effectively to the great challenges of our times in order to leave future generations a heritage which promises hope. Ladies and gentlemen, we have never had so many tools to bring about cooperation and dialogue in the light of a very complex reality. But convinced as we are of the equality between nations, we must ensure the implementation of the Charter of the United Nations strengthened by the pillars of the defense of human rights, as well as the defense of international humanitarian law. (02:03:15) Those are the things, and those alone, that must govern relations between states. The serious situations in Ukraine, Gaza, Lebanon, and Sudan, and other regions where we see conflicts that have become permanent, particularly in the region of the Sahel, we cannot remain indifferent to these. We must urgently become mobilized to achieve the most noble goal of politics, peace. We must come together and find solutions to conflicts without violence or recourse to military resources. We would call upon all parties to work for peace, and that they respect international humanitarian law and that they obey it because nothing can justify the attacks suffered by civilian populations, nothing can justify the attacks against hospitals and schools, and nothing can justify using hunger as a strategy of war. Nothing can justify such irrational behavior. (02:04:17) Children are the main victims of this. Children and young people take pride of place on the international agenda of Andorra because we firmly believe that they are the present and the future of humanity, which means that all actions to benefit them become strategic actions for the development of a country, of any country. This is why since its creation, we have supported the office of the special representative of the Secretary General for Children and Armed Conflict, and more recently the study on the impact of climate change on children and armed conflict. When I asked you at the beginning of my statement, what conquest, what vocation, and what heritage did we want to leave behind, there can be no doubt a world in peace for our children and our young people, a world that provides opportunities to each and every one of them, this is the great responsibility which we bear to ensure that future generations do not have a life worse than ours, but rather that they are fully able to participate in progress as we have agreed in recent days in the Summit of the Future. (02:05:27) Excellencies, Andorra joined the United Nations in 1993. The international context at the time was full of hope, the reunification of Europe after the Cold War. We decided to become a member of the United Nations with a conviction that we wanted to be a society open to the world which shares, with the international community, its opportunities and its challenges. We believe that the problems of the world are also our problems, and it is for that reason that we wanted and want to participate in solving them. Three decades have gone by since then. And although we see the Cold War reemerging, and whilst in the Middle East, we see increasing tensions, and whilst extremism is advancing and is of concern, Andorra fully believes in its international commitments and multilateralism. We believe that these are the best and the only instruments to resolve the current crisis. But Andorra also attaches particular importance to regional cooperation, particularly that deployed by the European Union with which Andorra is negotiating an association agreement, which will mean that we will be able progressively, and in a structured way, to enter the European single market to diversify our economy and participate in building a geographic, economic, and political reality that of European Union with a privileged status of associated state. Whether it be obligations that we undertake when joining an international organization or by signing an international treaty, Andorra acts to fully respect its commitments. And as small as my country might appear to major states, that in no way takes away from our ambitious objectives, and this is always essential, as is our multilateralism, the climate emergency, gender equality, the digital transition, and cultural diversity. (02:07:32) On that last point, Andorra is very proud to have co-facilitated for one further year, the resolution on multilingualism at the United Nations together are with Guatemala. Ladies and gentlemen, climate change is undoubtedly a global threat, but it's also true that it affects certain countries more than others. This is the case for coastal regions whether sea level is increasing and mountainous regions where the ecosystem has become more vulnerable. This is the case for Andorra. The effects of climate change risk changing, the way of life of its inhabitants and even the economy of the country. And it's for this reason that we have made the fight against climate change one of our main goals, internationally as well as nationally. Since the ratification of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 2011, Andorra has met its communication obligations by respecting the principles of transparency, coherence, variability, exhaustivity, and accuracy, and we have even implemented certain things ahead of time with regard to the convention. (02:08:42) In 2015, Andorra was one of the first to join the Framework Convention and produce our NDC, Nationally Determined Contribution. And we updated it in 2020 and 2022, and we plan to achieve climate neutrality by 2050. In 2023, Andorra was the first date to present its biannual report on transparency, which showed once again the importance that we attach to our commitment to fight against climate change. Nationally, we have also undertaken great efforts to implement a new energy policy to progressively increase the national protection of renewable energy and replace heat production systems with less polluting systems. This policy in favor of renewable energy was led by the public sector with the implementation of very ambitious legislation and using significant aid and action plans. However, do you know that all of these efforts will be in vain if other countries do not do the same thing, if we're not all moving in the same direction? Because fighting climate change is the most urgent global challenge that we have, the broadest challenge, which requires the highest possible level of cooperation, collaboration, generosity, and respect. (02:10:03) Ladies and gentlemen, we are at the midway point in achieving the sustainable development goals of the 2030 agenda, and we are going to soon be in the final home stretch. What has been achieved is already deceiving. Take bearing in mind that behind the results are millions of people who are suffering the consequences. These sustainable development goals are certainly very ambitious, but if we decide to implement them with persistence, creativity, and innovation, then we can bring about real change by taking as a principle inclusion and making gender equality a reality, sustainability, a norm, the protection of children, an inviolable principle, and by ensuring that divides are overcome once and for all. (02:10:51) The poet and novelist, France, Louis Aragon, wrote that the future of men is women. That was in 1963 on the eve of full equality between men and women, a genuine declaration of love and admiration for his wife, his muse. In certain parts of the world, we still have a lot to do in order to understand that it's in our interest that women have the same chances to learn and develop their talents, and to work and to earn their living as do men. In Andorra, equality, non-discrimination, and inclusion are cross-cutting elements of public policy. We have adopted legislative measures in this regard in order to respect our commitments and to fully achieve these goals. That is a logical consequence in a society where women play a very active part in public affairs. But over and above public policy, the key element of social transformation is education. Equal education does not just mean teaching girls and boys to mutually respect each other. (02:12:13) It means giving them the tools necessary to question social norms which perpetuate inequalities and to enable them to build a society where every individual is able to develop themselves to their full potential, whatever their gender. Currently, parity is respected in our institutions in decision-making positions, and for the first time, we've had the honor to have an Andorran expert on the United Nations Committee for the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women. But bringing about gender equality requires determination and perseverance on the part of each and every one of us. And as representatives of our respective countries, we have the moral and political obligation to promote this transformation. We must become committed to ensure that gender equality is not just a long-term aspiration, but a concrete reality in our societies. That is the only solution that will guarantee a better future for future generations. (02:13:19) Excellencies, access to information is in the process of redefining the paradigms of growth and economic and social development. As public services and the private sector being converted to the digital world. The divide that separates those that have access to this world and those don't is becoming ever more pernicious. The global digital compact that we adopted during the Summit for the Future includes actions in favor of digital literary actions in order to guarantee an inclusive, open, safe, and protected digital future. In this area, multilateralism has a crucial role to play to create opportunities, and at the same time, it must guarantee accessibility and security In this new virtual space of globalization. For small states such as Andorra, these technologies have the potential to provide resources with exponential added value. Aware as we are of the situation, we and our manifest need to diversify our economy. (02:14:18) Andorra has made huge strides in this area. Currently, 96% of Andorran homes have an internet connection. The country has implemented a national strategy for digital transition, which is particularly focused on digital rights of citizens and respect for sustainable development goals nine, 16, and 17 with the creation of an ethical and legal framework that preserves digital rights, protecting private life and data security and ensuring free access to digital information because we want all citizens to be able to access the digital world, and thus avoid situations of inequality. (02:15:02) Ladies and gentlemen, the Principality of Andorra has made a commitment to this organization of peoples and for peoples 30 years ago in the hope that a better world would be possible because our country small size can also make exemplary choices. We presented ourselves to the world as an ancestral land, which finally has found its place in the community of nations, a country that is open to the world with a constructive spirit and a peaceful disposition open to dialogue, in favor of comprehension and harmony between peoples. These are the values that continue to guide us nationally and internationally. (02:15:50) It is important that all peoples promote a new culture of peace based on an end to war, and on a commitment to bring about peace agreements to resolve conflicts. Development must reach all four corners of the planet where fundamental rights must be respected and it is essential that this new digital universe be based on knowledge. I began my intervention by quoting the classical authors. If I may, I'd like to end in the same way. There's a work that is at the heart of Greek literature that has left its mark on Western culture, and which is very difficult to forget. It refers to conquest and destruction, hatred, compassion, love, and death. Homer's Iliad is, in certain way, a mirror of the human condition. Even though this work shows that life is not always fair and that it is subject to the will of the gods, it also shows us that human relations can, if we want them to be, profoundly humane. (02:16:56) And I think that we must take ownership of this message. It is important to believe in humanity and to work to build all of us together, peace in the world as well as a world of solidarity that is more just and more inclusive. I thank you.

On behalf of the Assembly, I wish to thank the head of government of the Principality of Andorra. The Assembly will now hear an address by His Excellency, Muhammad Yunus, chief advisor of the interim government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. I request protocol to escort His Excellency and invite him to address the Assembly.

Mr. President, let me congratulate you on your election As the President of the United Nations General Assembly. I would like to assure you of Bangladesh delegation's full cooperation throughout the session. I would also place on record our deep appreciation, the Secretary General António Guterres for his unwavering commitment to deliver on the UN mandates and address the global challenges. I particularly applaud his vision in convening the Summit of the Future. The Pact for the Future and the Declaration on Future Generations could help in setting pathways beyond Agenda 2030. Bangladesh believes that the summit's outcome will serve as a guiding framework in materializing our shared aspirations and rethinking collaboration for posterity.

I stand in this parliament of nations thanks to an epochal transformation that Bangladesh witnessed this July and August. The power of the ordinary people, in particular our youth, presented to our nation an opportunity to overhaul many of our systems and institutions. The uprising led by the students and youth was initially aimed at ending discrimination. Progressively, the movement evolved into a people's movement. The world eventually saw how people-at-large stood against autocracy, oppression, discrimination, injustice and corruption, both on the streets and online. (02:21:03) Our people, particularly youth, gained us independence from an autocratic and undemocratic regime with their exceptional resolve and capability. That collective resolve should define Bangladesh of the future and place our nation as a responsible state in the comity of nations. This was indeed a movement that primarily brought together people who were long left in politics and development, who asked prosperity to be shared, to be inclusive. The people aspired for a just, inclusive and functioning democracy for which our new generations made supreme sacrifice. (02:22:16) We were moved by the wisdom, courage and conviction our youth showed, even braving bullets bare chest. Young girls were fiercely vocal against the illegitimate state power. School-going teenagers laid down their lives. Hundreds lost their eyes forever. Mothers, day laborers and scores of people across cities lent their shoulders for their children. Defying sweat, rain and fear of death, they defeated all the evil designs and machinations of the few who manipulated the state machinery against truth and just aspirations of people for years. (02:23:22) The people's movement left an estimated over 800 martyrs in the hands of the autocratic regime. Bangladesh was born because of her people's profound belief in liberalism, pluralism and secularism. Decades later, our Generation Z is making us re-visit and re-imagine the very values that our people stood for back in 1971, as our people also did in 1952, to defend our mother language, Bangla. We believe this revolution that the world witnessed in Bangladesh in the span of a few weeks may inspire many across communities and countries to stand for freedom and justice. (02:24:19) I would call upon the international community to engage with new Bangladesh anew that aims to realize freedom and democracy, beyond letters, for everyone. Mr President, our youth and people together entrusted me and my colleagues in the council with enormous responsibilities to reconstruct a decaying state apparatus. As we took to the office, to our utter shock and dismay, we discovered how endemic corruption brought a functioning democracy to a farce, how key institutions were ruthlessly politicized, how public coffers were reduced to rubble, how oligarchs took over business, how a chosen few concentrated wealth in their hands and amassed and laundered wealth out of Bangladesh. In all, justice, ethics and morality, almost at every level, reached a low. (02:25:43) Under such circumstances, we were asked to rebuild Bangladesh and reestablish the country that our people aspire to see. To correct the ills of the past as also build a competitive and agile economy, and a just society. In a drastically changed scenario, all political parties are now free to voice their views and opinions. A key priority for us is also to make all in public positions and institutions accountable for their decisions and actions. We are committed to promote and protect the fundamental rights for people to speak in freedom, to assemble without fear or inhibition, to vote whosoever they choose. (02:26:36) This is what the nation desires and we aim to achieve. To uphold, we are also committed to upholding the independence of the judiciary and freedom of press, including in the cyber domain. In order to ensure that the child of a farmer or worker can scale the highest in the society, we prioritize allocation in education and health sectors over grandiose infrastructure development. We also aim at ensuring good governance across all sectors. I wish to assure that our government shall adhere to all international, regional and bilateral instruments that Bangladesh is party to. Bangladesh will continue to remain an active proponent of multilateralism, with the UN at the core. Bangladesh is open to nurture friendly relations with all countries based on mutual respect, upholding our dignity and pride and shared interests. Mr President, in the last seven weeks, the government has initiated several actions. At our request, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights has dispatched a fact-finding mission to investigate gross human rights violations during the people's movement and to suggest for sustainable course correction. That mission has already started work on the ground in Bangladesh. (02:28:24) I wish to register my deep appreciation to High Commissioner Volker Turk. We have acceded to the International Convention for Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance, within two weeks in office. The required national legislation is underway, so that we can effectuate its early implementation. An inquiry commission has started investigating all the cases of enforced disappearances reported during the past decade and a half. (02:29:08) In order to restore people's trust and confidence, and to ensure that the tragic past never recur in future Bangladesh, we have initiated reforms in certain prioritized sectors. In that direction, we launched independent commissions to reform the electoral system, constitution, judicial reform, civil administration, law and order sectors. A few more commissions are on the cards to reform other sectors, including press and media. In order to create a conducive environment for business, we have rolled out extensive reforms in banking and financial sectors. (02:29:54) We affirm not to let any foreign business interest to be affected. Beyond rhetoric and numbers, we aim to establish effective safeguard mechanisms to ensure the sustainability of these reforms and create an enabling environment towards conduct of free, fair and participatory elections. I would, therefore, call on the international community to continue and deepen engagements with Bangladesh in meeting our people's quest for democracy, rule of law, equality, prosperity, so that we can emerge as a just and inclusive democratic society. (02:30:40) Mr President, Bangladesh views that maintaining peace and addressing conflicts is central to peoples' progress. During the recent revolution, our valiant armed forces have once again shown their commitment to peace by standing firmly with the people in fulfilling their aspirations for freedom during a most difficult time in our history. This was possible thanks to our commitment to place human rights at the core of peacekeeping. (02:31:21) Bangladesh remains equally committed to peace-building, from the inception of the UN Peace-building Commission. We look forward to promoting and enhancing Bangladesh's value-driven contributions to the UN peace-keeping operations. As the third-largest troop contributing country, our peacekeepers had served across 63 Missions in 43 countries, to date. 168 Bangladeshi peacekeepers had laid their lives, from Bosnia to Congo. We do hope that Bangladesh defense forces would continue to be called upon in the future UN peace operations, regardless of the challenges or circumstances. Mr President, in our shared habitat, this world, many of the global priorities need to be set right. Climate change poses existential threats to us all. The record-breaking heat wave this summer starkly reminded the world of the climate-induced changes. What we need is climate justice, so that the irresponsible choices, or indifferent actions, or harms caused are accounted for. Long-term damages leave irreparable damages all-around. We are losing biodiversity, changing pathogens leading to newer diseases, farming is under stress, shrinking water and threatening habitat. (02:33:39) Rising sea level and salinity decimating ecosystems. The damages in terms of rising intensity and frequency of cyclones or floods can hardly be ignored. The climatic risks are faced far deeper by our small farmers and artisanal livelihood-holders. As I speak, over five million people witnessed the most devastating flood in their living memory, in eastern Bangladesh. Yet, Secretary-General Guterres showed that under the current trajectory, the world is heading for a +2.7°C scenario. I would hence urge for channeling robust resources for climate adaptation in the climate-vulnerable countries like Bangladesh. (02:34:47) It is moreover crucial to operationalize Loss and Damage Fund by leveraging innovative solutions and additional finance. We equally need access to technologies and increased capacity. To be specific, we need access to live-saving technologies, particularly in agriculture, water or public health, where a trickle of modest solutions or innovations can save millions of vulnerable populations. Tackling the climate crisis has to go hand in hand with getting the global economy in order as well. The world is increasingly focused on decarbonization. In order for such a shift to be beneficial to the majority of the global population, the transformative vision of a netzero world has to be redeemed for countries like Bangladesh. Else, we risk falling short on our pledge to shared prosperity through shared responsibility. I believe the world needs to engage in a shared vision of three zeroes' that we can materialize together, targeting zero poverty, zero unemployment, and zero net carbon emissions. Where a young person anywhere in the world will have opportunities to grow not as a job seeker, but as entrepreneur. (02:36:29) Where a young person can unleash his or her latent creativity despite all limitations. Where an entrepreneur can optimally balance social benefits, economic profits and responsibility towards nature. Where social business can help an individual transcend beyond consumerism and can ultimately catalase in social and economic transformation. Time demands new attitudes, new values, new compacts across communities and countries, across developed and developing countries alike, across all actors and stakeholders. If we are to realize such course correction in full, the United Nations, national and sub-national governments, non-governmental organizations, business, philanthropies have to walk together. (02:37:38) If we accept and accommodate social business' within existing economic structures, we can bring meaningful changes in the lives of the bottom half of the population. If we can realistically position social business, we can stem much of climate-insensitive distortions within the existing market economy. I would like to invite the attention of Secretary-General Antonio Guterres on that score. Mr President, in a world of poly-crisis, wars and conflicts are leading to erosion of rights and widespread abuses. The genocide in Gaza continues unabated despite global concerns and condemnation. The situation in Palestine just does not concern the Arabs or the Muslims at large, rather the entire humanity. Palestinians are not expendable people. All those responsible for the crimes against humanity against the Palestinian people must be held accountable. Bangladesh calls for an immediate and complete ceasefire to protect the Palestinian people from the brutalities, particularly against the children and women. International community, including the UN, needs to act in earnest to implement the two-state solution. That remains the only path to bring lasting peace in the Middle East. (02:39:57) The two and half year long war in Ukraine has claimed far too many lives. The war has impacted far and wide, even lending deeper economic implications in Bangladesh. We would urge both sides to pursue dialogue to resolve the differences and end the war. Mr President, seven years on, Bangladesh has been hosting over 1.2 million Rohingyas on humanitarian ground, incurring significant social-economic-environmental costs. The protracted crisis in Myanmar also poses growing risks with national and regional security implications for Bangladesh, both in traditional and non-traditional terms. (02:40:58) We remain committed to supporting the forcibly displaced Rohingyas from Myanmar in Bangladesh. We need continued support of the international community towards the Rohingyas in carrying out the humanitarian operations and their sustainable repatriation. Equally important is to ensure justice for the grave human rights violations committed against the Rohingyas through the ongoing accountability processes in the ICJ and the ICC. We recognize and appreciate the efforts of the Secretary-General and the United Nations system in creating a conducive environment for Rohingyas, so that they can lead a free and dignified life. (02:41:53) That requires creating pathways for the Rohingyas to return to their ancestral home in Rakhine State, with safety and rights. Looking at the evolving ground situation in Myanmar, Bangladesh is ready to work with the international community to create an environment for dignified and sustainable return of the Rohingyas to their homeland. Mr President, ensuring peace and security cannot succeed without political freedom and socio-economic emancipation of the people. Around a decade back, the world unanimously adopted the Agenda 2030. (02:42:40) We reposed our collective hope and trust in the universal set of goals. Yet, overall, 17% of SDG targets are on track to be achieved by 2030. Clearly, many developing countries risk to be left behind. Every year, developing countries face a significant SDG financing gap, estimated between 2.5 to $4 trillion US. High debt burdens, shrinking fiscal space, and adverse impacts of climate change put countries like Bangladesh at greater risk. We look forward to the Fourth International Conference on Financing for Development to deliver on addressing the complex and systemic challenges. (02:43:41) The multilateral financing institutions have to be driven by a vision where wealth and opportunities can be accessed by all, that they rightfully place social business within respective programs, that they duly address the circumstances in the low-income countries, that they promote entrepreneurship and encourage creativity of individuals, that they support the dispossessed. In this regard, prevention of illicit financial flows and siphoning of resources from the developing countries merit greater attention. Increased international cooperation must re-channel the assets stolen from the developing countries. We look forward to the early conclusion of an International Tax Convention that can combat tax evasion. (02:44:40) Mr President, migration and mobility is an inescapable reality in an interconnected world. As a country of origin of migrants, over 11 million of our people live and work worldwide. In order for migration to be beneficial for all, we have to create pathways for safe, orderly, regular, and responsible migration and mobility of people. The international community has to ensure full respect for human rights and en inhumane treatment of migrants, regardless of their migration status. While Bangladesh remains committed to the full implementation of the Global Compact on Migration, our government is also committed to curb unsafe migration. (02:45:41) Mr President, every year, nearly two and half million Bangladeshis enter our labor market. In a large population where nearly two-third is young, Bangladesh is challenged to make learning suited to meet the needs of today and tomorrow. Yet, we see the world of work is changing where a younger person has to adapt constantly, re-skill, adopt newer attitudes. As Bangladesh is set to graduate as a middle income country, we reckon the vital need to secure ourselves in terms of learning and technology. Let me speak about artificial intelligence. (02:46:33) We are particularly enthused with the emergence of the artificial intelligence tools and applications. Our youth are excited with the prospect of fast unfolding generative AI. They aspire to walk and work as global citizens. The world needs to ensure that no youth in countries like Bangladesh get left behind in meaningfully reaping benefits out of the AI-led transformation. The world simultaneously needs to ensure that the development of artificial intelligence does not diminish the scope or demand for human labor. (02:47:19) As the scientific community and the world of technology keeps moving on developing autonomous intelligence, artificial intelligence that propagates on its own without any human intervention, we all need to be cautious of possible impact on every human person or our societies, today and beyond. Many have reasons to believe that unless autonomous intelligence develops in a responsible manner, it can pose existential threats to human existence. Mr President, we need newer forms of collaboration where global business and knowledge-holders connect to people's needs. (02:48:11) International cooperation should create space for the developing countries in ways that can bring transformative applications or solutions for jobs, endemic socio-economic challenges, or livelihoods. Uniting our efforts, capacities and resources is increasingly crucial for us to leverage collective strengths, innovate and foster growth. The challenges we face in economic development, climate resilience, or social development, have to be addressed with common endeavors. In that context, South-South and Triangular cooperation can help us, given our unique social and economic circumstances. It is also a growing necessity for the global South to make our voices heard. (02:49:06) In shaping and steering the global agenda, the global South merits equal space and focus. Mr President, the COVID times underlined before us the crucial importance of investing in public health. In the WHO, as Bangladesh leads the negotiations on a Global Pandemic Treaty, we urge for convergence on the key provisions of adequate international cooperation, financing public health systems, technology transfer, research and development, diversification of production of medical diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics. We also, to declare vaccines a global public good that is free from the rigors of intellectual property. (02:50:05) These are also crucial for combating the scourges of non-communicable diseases. Mr President, this year, we celebrate the golden jubilee of Bangladesh's partnership with the United Nations. It has been a shared journey of mutual learning. In our modest ways, Bangladesh contributed towards promoting global peace and security, justice, equality, human rights, social progress and prosperity. And indeed, in building a rules-based international order. For instance, I recall the Microcredit Resolution and the Friends of Microcredit that was formed in the UN General Assembly back in 1999, with exceeding spontaneity. (02:51:03) The United Nations declared 2005 as the Year of Microcredit. That resulted in global reach of microcredit. The annual General Assembly Resolution on Culture of Peace since 2001 or the Resolution 1325 in the Security Council on Women, Peace and Security may be worth recalling as well. Mr President, as this great hall reverberates with crying calls for peace, security, justice, inclusivity and equitable distribution of wealth, as states, we need to reflect on how we embolden men and women today, create space for them to grow as entrepreneurs of tomorrow. (02:52:17) The world has more than enough of capacity, resources and solutions. Let us redeem all the pledges we made, nationally and internationally. Let us work together to end all forms of inequality and discrimination, within and among nations, especially in advancing the proposition of social business in our economic interactions. The youth in Bangladesh have shown that upholding freedom, dignity and rights of people regardless of distinction and status cannot just remain aspirational, it is just what everyone deserves. (02:53:03) In this assembly of nations, Bangladesh would assure that we would and continue to deliver our bit at international, regional and national levels, in securing peace, prosperity and justice, for everyone. I thank you for your attention.

On behalf of the Assembly. I wish to thank the Chief Advisor of the Interim Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. The Assembly will now hear an address by his Excellency, Dorin Recean, Prime Minister of the Republic of Moldova. I request protocol to escort his Excellency and invite him to address the Assembly.

Mr President, Mr Secretary-General, Excellencies, it is an honor to represent my country, the Republic of Moldova, at this unique forum where small and large nations alike address core issues on the global agenda. Climate change, poverty and the global cost of living crisis are our generational challenges, so is peace and security. For some time now, it seemed we were living in a rules-based international system, which strongly discouraged geopolitical conquests, spheres of influence and disregard

... for the aspirations of smaller nations. The world proved to be a much safer place when smaller nations have a say and the choices their people make are respected. Peace and security, prosperity and free choice is the core agenda for Moldova today. Generations of our intellectuals, writers and civic activists have fought for our independence and for the freedom to pursue our identity and values. These have succeeded in making Moldova free. After 33 years of independence, we see it in the confidence of our youth, in the revitalization of our culture, and in a way our people stand proud on the international stage knowing their future lies in their own hands. (02:55:57) Very next to us, Russia's unprovoked and unjust war of aggression against Ukraine threatens the fabric of our international order. It throws us back to the times of great power politics when a large state pursues cynical geopolitical designs to divide the region into spheres of influence and annex smaller neighbors, denying them a say in their own destiny. For Moldova, this is not a mere distant memory. It is a looming threat. (02:56:32) Moldova knows all too well the consequences and we are determined to never return to those times. Don't forget, Kremlin doesn't want us at the table. Kremlin wants us on the table. Never mind all the excuses and the circumstances. Compulsion and raw force are perpetuated and complemented now with a hybrid warfare, malign influence, and subversion of the democratic state. And these latest developments, ladies and gentlemen, are threatening not only Moldova. We see them escalating throughout the democratic world too. Even mature democracies find it difficult to cope with, witnessing polarization and division. (02:57:20) Therefore, Ukraine is now fighting not just for its statehood, nation, and its very existence. It is fighting for each nation's freedom to choose and pursue its own national aspirations. Moldova stands by and in solidarity with Ukraine in defense against Kremlin's aggression, and we urge the international community to timely provide all necessary support to Ukraine. (02:57:49) Distinguished audience, despite the war at our border, Moldova remains an active and committed contributor to the regional security. We are a reliable partner for our neighbors, Romania and Ukraine, as well as the European Union. We have preserved peace and security in Moldova. At the same time, we have supported humanitarian efforts by welcoming over 1 million Ukrainian refugees and ensuring their safety. Peace is not just our goal, it is our duty. Peace remains our core commitment. (02:58:25) Moldova is also committed to a just peaceful resolution of the Transnistrian conflict, with full respect for Moldova's sovereignty and territorial integrity with its internationally recognized borders. For this to happen, Russia's illegal military presence must end. I call on the international community to reaffirm the need for the immediate and unconditional withdrawal of the Russian military from Moldova. (02:58:53) This is not just about Moldova. It's about upholding international law, safeguarding regional stability, and ensuring that no country's sovereignty is compromised by foreign military presence. (02:59:09) Ladies and gentlemen, Moldova's destiny belongs to Moldovans, not outside powers. Kremlin's efforts to suppress the dignity and will of the people of Moldova through both internal subversion and external intimidation have no place in the 21st century. Despite our differences, we have always taken big decisions as a nation together and have proudly reaffirmed our national dignity and self-worth. The social compact of our society is individual freedoms, human rights, competitive elections, and open society, not Kremlin satellite state. Today our people are closer than ever to fulfilling these aspirations. We're full of hope and determination, hope for a democratic prosperous future in the European family of nations to which we rightfully belong. And this hope is firmly rooted in Moldova's collective achievements over the past years, determined to work hard and tirelessly to become a proud member of the EU's peaceful and prosperous family. (03:00:23) Moldova stands today's stronger and more united. Despite flooding Moldova with illicit money, propaganda and falsehoods, and waging a fully-fledged hybrid attack, Kremlin has failed to divide our house against itself. Moldova is no longer a gray zone, a profitable money laundering enterprise for unscrupulous oligarchs and foreign powers who plundered the state and the people and manipulated institutions for their benefit. International sanctions against these perpetrators have helped and we are working to return their stolen money. (03:01:03) Our commitment to reform is unwavering and we have made progress in cleaning up its justice system and law enforcement. The international community has recognized this effort with Moldova's corruption perception and rule of low rankings improving significantly. We acted to make our economy resilient even in the face of the regional instability. Despite proximity to the war zone, Moldova's business environment is improving, though slowly. Small and medium enterprises have a more promising outlook and exports of high-quality products are picking up thanks to our access to European markets. (03:01:46) Moldova is doing digital and is bringing the government closer to its citizens and businesses. Over the past few years more has been invested in infrastructure than over 10 years before that. Our energy independence is now a reality. Energy can no longer be used to blackmail and extract geopolitical concessions. Moldova's energy security is ensured by its integration in the regional and international grids and markets, and we proceed to a fast-paced agenda of renewables and energy efficiency. (03:02:24) Resilience is not just about security, it is about our institutions which are stronger today than ever before thanks to the support received from our partners. Institutions are better prepared to safeguard the choices of the Moldovan people from external interference. Crucially, Moldova has genuinely opened itself to the world. In recognition of the country's progress, in December of 2023, EU leaders unanimously agreed to open accession negotiations with Moldova. This is our most significant achievement since independence and we are committed to be ready to join the EU by 2030. (03:03:10) Our European path is a matter of vital national interest and our strongest guarantee of peace, democracy, and development. On October 20th, Moldova will reaffirm its European choice in a referendum to enshrine EU integration into our constitution. Russia may continue its attempts to disrupt Moldova's path through the threats, disinformation and destabilization to change the sovereign choice of the Moldovan people. They want to keep Moldovans captive in its past, but we, the Moldovan people are united in determination. Only we can choose our future. We will not return the country to oligarchs who plunder the state and want to once again turn the country into their personal fiefdom, which yields massive wealth to a few but fails the majority. (03:04:10) We will not return to a past dominated by oligarchs and corruption. We will not be dragged back into a sphere of influence that does not reflect our aspirations. The people of Moldova choose freedom. We choose Europe and next month we will reaffirm the goal of our generation, fully fledged membership in the EU, a union which has supported Moldova throughout our independence. (03:04:39) I will touch on climate change issues now. Moldova has long been known for a temperate welcoming climate and agricultural fertility, but just over the past year we have faced the most severe weather extremes in our history, devastating snowfalls, unprecedented droughts and heat waves and severe floods. They caused massive damages and disruptions like never before in our history. These challenges are not hypothetical. They are here and they threaten the livelihoods of our farmers, economy, the infrastructure of our villages and towns, and the future of our children. (03:05:22) Climate change risks destroying many things we heavily rely on throughout the planet. In this context, we welcome the adoption of the Pact for the Future by the United Nations General Assembly. This is a significant step towards building a more effective, inclusive and sustainable global order. It reaffirms our collective responsibility to future generations. We are committed to working alongside the international community to turn these pledges into concrete actions that will shape a better, more resilient world. (03:06:02) As a final remark, Moldova stands at its historic crossroads, both as a nation and as a member of the international community. Moldovan people will not allow it to be stripped of its agency. Moldova chooses peace, democracy, freedom and rule of law over war, authoritarianism and repression. For us, this means Europe. It is our choice and it strengthens our resolve to move more decisively towards the EU, a peace and prosperity project while rejecting war, aggression and any assaults on human dignity. [foreign language 03:06:42] Thank you.

On behalf of the Assembly, I wish to thank the Prime Minister of the Republic of Moldova. (03:07:21) The Assembly will hear an address by his Excellency, Charlot Salwai Tabimasmas, Prime Minister of the Republic of Vanuatu. I request protocol to escort his Excellency and invite him to address the Assembly.

[foreign language 03:07:53]

President, excellencies, heads of state and government, Mr. Secretary- General, distinguished delegates, ladies and gentlemen, I have the great honor to address this eminent assembly on behalf of the government and of the people of the Republic of Vanuatu. (03:08:14) Mr. President, I join previous speakers in extending my sincere congratulations to you upon your election as president of the 79th session of the General Assembly. You can count on my delegation's full support and cooperation as you steer the work of this august assembly. I commend your predecessor and I welcome the theme of this session, Leaving Nobody Behind, Acting Together for the Advancement of Peace, Sustainable Development and Human Dignity for Present and Future Generations because it addresses the global challenges of our time. (03:08:56) Mr. President, 79 years after the creation of the United Nations, our efforts to create a better world for current and future generations are quite simply disappointing. It is alarming that after all these years we continue to be plagued by multiple world crises, undermining the promise of the Charter of the United Nations and failing our peoples, the most vulnerable in particular. (03:09:29) Vanuatu welcomes the latest UN Secretary-General's report, which highlights the fact that we are significantly falling short of our objectives to achieve the SDGs, prompting the needs to fast-track actions to scale up the implementation of the 2030 agenda and the sustainable development goals. (03:09:57) We risk crossing a dangerous temperature threshold over the next 10 years, and that's why Vanuatu requested an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice to give some clarity on the legal obligations of states when it comes to climate change. This is an initiative that was subject to unprecedented global attention. (03:10:26) The opinion received by the courts as part of this procedure is in our consensus-based resolution of last year, providing legal clarity on the obligations and responsibility of states when it comes to the climate. This doesn't seek to blame or stigmatize any particular country, but rather it seeks to shed light on existing international rules and regulations and the obligations of all states when it comes to creating a solid basis for concrete climate action and for climate justice based on shared responsibility and accountability. (03:11:10) I launch an appeal to all of the members of the United Nations, especially other climate vulnerable nations to participate in these historic hearings which begin on the 2nd of December 2024. Your voices are crucial in ensuring that the court fully grasps the implications of climate change for the most affected and will unite us in our shared commitment to justice and human rights as part of a more sustainable future. (03:11:44) Mr. President, Vanuatu's economy fared well when we maintained our status as a least developing country. When we graduated, our structural challenges and vulnerabilities remained while increasing costs continue to soar. We reiterate the need for our development partners to support us in phasing out our LDC specific support in a gradual and predictable manner. (03:12:11) Small island economies also continue to face multiple crises amid tightening financial conditions and rising borrowing costs. This has increased our debt distress risk and undermined our ability to invest in our recoveries. Vanuatu welcomes the outcome of the Summit of the Future, calling for global concerted efforts to reform the global economic and financial architecture to make it fit for the challenges of this century. (03:12:42) We call for sweeping reforms of the Bretton Woods institutions to restructure the international monetary and financial system in order to better reflect the evolving global realities and challenges, including the establishment of an international sovereign debt workout mechanism to solve current debt crises in developing countries, particularly in the most vulnerable. (03:13:09) Vanuatu and other small island economies are struggling with the onslaught of climate-induced disasters, and while we continue to try to build resilience and adapt to climate change, we are moving backwards too often. Vanuatu loses over half of its GDP every time a severe cyclone strikes. We have had five severe cyclones in the past three years. The latest Adaptation Fund report estimates that a current adaptation finance gap of between 194 and $366 billion a year. (03:13:50) As a country in the front line of frequent and intensifying climate disasters, Vanuatu calls for a new finance goal that will accelerate the transition away from fossil fuels, build resilience, and realistically address loss and damage. (03:14:08) In light of these initiatives to mitigate and adapt to climate change, Vanuatu also believes it is of crucial importance to prevent the severest harms to our planet's vital and climate regulating ecosystems before they occur. It is for this reason that we have taken the formal step of proposing an independent crime of ecocide to the International Criminal Court. We thank delegations for their existing support, in particular Fiji and Samoa for their co-sponsorship of the proposal, and we recognize that there is broad and growing support for this initiative around the world. (03:14:50) Mr. President, Vanuatu and many Pacific Island states have faced multiple correspondent banking withdrawals, restricting financial inflows, including delay in the transfer of international development funds and humanitarian and disaster relief funds, as well as discouraging private sector investments. This is despite genuine efforts to improve and enforce national money laundering and finance for terrorism regulations. (03:15:27) Safeguarding uninterrupted access to international financial services is essential for fast cross-border payments, including remittances and export revenues. We welcome the efforts made by the World Bank to help Pacific Island countries address this issue among others earlier this month. (03:15:48) Mr. President, in 2019 Vanuatu presented its first Voluntary National Review, VNR, highlighting a positive message of progress despite extreme vulnerability to climate-related disasters. The presentation of the second Voluntary National Review this year at the high level political forum highlighted significant challenges in our pursuit to achieve sustainable development. (03:16:14) We continue to endure increasingly frequent and severe tropical cyclones, which were compounded by the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and there is no clear trajectory or end in sight. Ever looming is the prospect of future disasters. The government and people of Vanuatu have had to continuously adapt and strengthen resilience mechanisms to mitigate the impacts of these persistent threats and disruptions. (03:16:42) Mr. President, fulfilling the SDGs is not merely an aspiration but rather a necessity for us. The 2023 SDG Summit saw the adoption of a strong political declaration and launched a new phase of accelerated action to achieve the SDGs by 2030. In July this year, the convening of the High-level Political Forum, yet again serves as a platform to follow up and review the 2030 agenda for sustainable development with an aim to galvanize real transformational change to achieve the sustainable development goals. (03:17:25) More so, the recent convening of the Summit for the Future aims to rally collective support to deliver faster and smarter on the 2030 agenda, the Addis Ababa Action Agenda and the Paris Agreement on climate change. It is my hope that the reforms highlighted in the path for the future will enable us to rebuild trust again in the multilateral system. The path for the future requires strong political will to drive transformative actions that will usher in a brighter future for all. (03:18:03) Mr. President, financing is the fuel for development. Yet at the very heart of our lack of making real progress in achieving the SDGs lies a lack of financing. We remain at the front lines of a climate emergency that not only threatens our overall sustainable development, but time and again given the lack of affordable alternatives, we are forced to incur unsustainable levels of debt to finance recovery from natural disasters. (03:18:40) The international financial architecture therefore must be reformed to address the urgent challenges of today. Our varying needs must be embedded into the global economic and financial system so that it is more inclusive, fair, and responsive to all. This includes developing tailored support and solutions that also facilitate easier access to affordable long-term finance and address the decline in corresponding banking relations. Likewise, there must be a stronger push to enhance the representation and meaning participation of SIDS in the global economic and financial institutions. (03:19:21) Mr. President, Vanuatu, like many of our Pacific neighbors, continues to face acute existential health and development threats, including the burden of non-communicable diseases and malnutrition, as well as threats from future pandemics. COVID-19 and severe tropical cyclones exposed Vanuatu to its fragile health infrastructure and the need to invest in a health system that can better respond to the needs of its people and to future pandemics that will be resilient to climate change and related natural disasters. (03:20:06) We urge the World Health Organization and SIDS partners to work together to enhance access to sustainable financing, to support our efforts to prevent and to control non-communicable diseases and our efforts to build a health system that is fit for purpose. (03:20:27) Mr. President, advancing the agenda of leaving no one behind in the context of the non-self-governing territories means that we must work constructively to complete the work of decolonization. Recently, the first peoples of New Caledonia were not content with the manner in which the third referendum for political independence from France was conducted. As a result, riots took place, which led to several deaths and stalling of economic activity. It's essential to recognize the rights of first peoples to their lands, oceans, and culture. I encourage the first people of New Caledonia to work together with France to address their political future. In the meantime, New Caledonia must remain in the decolonization list. (03:21:24) In a similar vein, we call for the right of the first people in West Papua over their customary land and culture to be respected and I please that they work mutually with the government of Indonesia to address their challenges and to obtain greater autonomy for West Papua for greater participation in decision-making. (03:21:50) Mr. President, to achieve sustainable development, we need peace. Today some regions of the world are not able to enjoy sustainable development due to the inability of the United Nations to maintain international peace and security. We call for the urgent reform of the UN Security Council to ensure that it is fit for purpose and able to meet the challenges of our time. (03:22:19) We are deeply concerned over the greatest threat to international peace and security posed by the continued existence of nuclear weapons. With the current heightened global geopolitical tensions, we call for a renewed and strengthened effort to come out of the current impasse in achieving nuclear disarmament and nuclear non-proliferation in all of its aspects. We further call for the United Nations Charter to be respected. (03:22:53) In today's fractured and polarized world, we need to accelerate our efforts to work together and rebuild trust in the multilateral system, the UN at its center. The Summit of the Future offers us hope, and now we need to move from rhetoric to real actions on the ground. We need peace for the advancement of sustainable development and human dignity for present and future generations. It's essential to act on finance as a driving force for development. Thank you.

On behalf of the Assembly, I wish to thank the Prime Minister of the Republic of Vanuatu. (03:23:47) The Assembly will hear an address by his Excellency, Andrej Plenković, Prime minister of the Republic of Croatia. I request protocol to escort his Excellency, invite him to address the Assembly.

Mr. President, excellencies, distinguished ladies and gentlemen, today we should stand united in the face of unprecedented global challenges. From the proliferation of conflicts and deteriorating geopolitical situation to climate crisis and food security, the world is at a critical juncture where every nation, regardless of its size, plays a vital role. (03:24:37) Croatia's journey over the past 34 years has been a testament to resilience and determination. Emerging from a conflict and building a modern progressive state, we have positioned ourselves as active contributors on the global stage. As we convene here, Croatia brings not just its experience, but a deep commitment to fostering peace, advancing sustainable development, and upholding human rights as fundamental values rooted in our history. (03:25:10) We live in a world increasingly ablaze. As a country that has endured conflict and the painful process of post-war recovery, we understand firsthand the value of peace, security, and international solidarity. Our journey from a nation affected by aggression to a contributor to global peace efforts equips us with a unique perspective. The lessons we have learned about resilience, reconciliation, and the importance of upholding international law shape our commitment to promoting peace and security worldwide. (03:25:46) In a world facing intensifying crisis from Ukraine to Middle East and Sudan, Croatia stands firm in its belief that every nation has the right to self-determination and protection under the UN Charter. The Russia's brutal aggression against Ukraine continues well into its third year, trampling all tenets of international law. While Ukrainian civilians continue to die and suffer, the largest active nuclear power plant in Europe is also at risk. This undermines all principles of nuclear safety and may bring about catastrophic consequences with cross-border impact. All member states of the United Nations have the right to be independent and their people must be free to choose their own path. They must not depend on their neighbor's permission, nor should they be left alone to succumb to a neighbor's military aggression. (03:26:45) In that vein, we will not tire in our support to Ukrainian sovereignty and territorial integrity and in our assistance, and we call upon all to do the same. At the same time, the looming threat of a wider conflict in the Middle East is evident. The heinous terrorist attack on Israel on 7th October horrified us. So did the unspeakable, continued tragedy since endured by the Palestinian civilian population in Gaza where thousands were killed and wounded. Whatever historical or present grievances continuing down this path will not bring a lasting resolution, only more death and destruction. We call for the immediate and unconditional release of all the remaining hostages and on both sides to engage in genuine negotiations to end hostilities and prevent further escalation. The Middle East and its people deserve a better future. The rest of the world as well. (03:27:54) The wars in Ukraine and in the Middle East are overshadowing the immense humanitarian and civilian catastrophe unfolding in Sudan. This is even more alarming considering the context of increasing fragmentation of the security architecture in many parts of the African continent. Reversing this trend should be seen as a priority by all of us. We must not leave Africa behind. A continent where half of the population is younger than 19 should and must be seen as a source of hope for humanity, not as an afterthought. (03:28:34) The UN Charter is not just another document we can simply and easily replace. The world's constitution must be upheld more than ever before. Reinvigoration of effective multilateralism with the UN in its center must not be reduced to a phrase we use on the occasions like this. In the same vein, we must not falter when it comes to strengthening international arms control. Disarmament and the non-proliferation architecture, this is essential not just to avoid conflict, instability or even greater tragedies, but to reduce the already heightened risks of escalations, either deliberate or as a result of a misunderstanding. (03:29:22) Extremist and terrorist groups and their affiliates continue to pose a severe threat around the world, leaving no society safe. Their continued expansion in various regions and the increasing level of violence they resort to only remind us that countering and preventing terrorism requires long-term commitment, as well as continued coordinated efforts of the entire international community. (03:29:52) As a country that proudly hosted, supported, and enabled the success of the United Nations Transitional administration for Eastern

... in Slavonia, rightly considered by many as the most successful peacekeeping mission in the history of the United Nations and Croatia which managed to join just a decade ago, NATO after the departure of the last UN peacekeeper, we know all too well the meaning of peacebuilding, its significance and the efforts it requires. As this year's vice chair of the Peacebuilding Commission and last year's chair, Croatia supports strengthening the links between the three pillars of the United Nations, Peace and Security, Development and Human Rights. There is no peace without sustainable development and no sustainable development without peace. (03:30:46) There is little time left to strengthen our focus on prevention at all levels. For the Peacebuilding Commission, it means to focus more on structural prevention through national prevention strategies and operational prevention by sending flexible civilian missions upon a country's request. The 2025 review of the Peacebuilding architecture will be a crucial moment to strengthening the PBC and to broaden its mandate and give it some decision-making powers. You can count on Croatia's active participation to share its experience and in view of its candidature to be again, a member of the PBC in 2026. Croatia is also proud that today a Croatian company is a global leader in robotic demining. And we are actively supporting Ukraine by providing our expertise to assist in the clearance of mines and unexploded ordnance in conflict affected areas. (03:31:50) Ladies and gentlemen, we are committed to sustainable development, which is deeply rooted in its unique position as one of the most biodiverse and nature-rich countries in Europe, often referred to as the Nature Park of Europe, Croatia has long recognized the importance of preserving its natural resources, our achievements in the renewable energy where we rank among the top in the European Union and our strong performance in meeting the UN's sustainable development goals reflect a national strategy that balances economic growth and social stability with environmental stewardship. As we stand at the crossroads of environmental crisis and digital transformation, Croatia's experience offers valuable insights into how we can harness innovation while protecting our planet for future generations. The path we take today will determine our future tomorrow, therefore, we must choose it wisely. (03:32:55) Croatia and its national development strategy until 2030 espoused a vision of a competitive, innovative, and safe country with a recognizable identity and culture, a country with preserved resources, quality living conditions, and equal opportunities for all. We have built our strategy on the three main interrelated development pillars, digital transformation, decarbonization and demographic revitalization. (03:33:21) The digital transformation of our societies is inevitably changing our way of life and our way of doing business more rapidly and intensively than any transition in the last century. We are transforming our state and public administration businesses and society, and half of our population is using the digital services of the state. (03:33:48) Croatia's IT industry is competitive and booming, at the same time while new and emerging technologies are unlocking great potential, they also come with risks. To manage these, we need effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels as well as in foreign citizens. My government will continue with policies which promote this path. Humanity's greatest challenge of the 21st century is climate change coupled with loss of diversity, reduction of food and natural resources, increase in the number of droughts, fires, and floods, as well as the acceleration of the sea level rise. Croatia is located in the Mediterranean, one of the world's regions expected to be hit hardest by climate change. It is not by accident that Croatia got a portfolio for the Mediterranean in the new European Commission. This summer we saw record-breaking heat waves followed by torrential rains in our part of Europe only last week. The green transition is there for pivotal for us all. (03:34:56) Promoting nature-based solutions is one of our main national tools for climate change and adaptation and migration. For this reason, we need to strengthen the multilateral system of dealing with climate biodiversity and sustainable development. We need to put more efforts in dealing with climate as a threat amplifier that endangers security and stability of many regions and countries in the world, especially in Africa. (03:35:22) We spare no effort to integrate the 2030 agenda and the sustainable development goals in our national policies and initiatives and strategies into the reinforced and reformed global governing structure. We are proud that our reforms and investments have earned Croatia high, eighth place among 193 UN member states according to the 2024 sustainable development report. (03:35:50) Finally, for Croatia, all these measures culminate also in a demographic revitalization as another key national structural priority. We consider it an indispensable element of our resilience, competitiveness, and a prerequisite for its successful sustainable growth. Ladies and gentlemen, our deep commitment to human rights stems from our own difficult experiences under totalitarian regimes and the horrors of the aggression during the Homeland war, the violations of fundamental rights that we endured as a nation have shaped our understanding of the importance of protecting human rights, dignity, justice, and equality. Croatia's journey from a war-torn country to a strong advocate for human rights in the international arena has given us a unique perspective on the necessity of upholding these principles. (03:36:49) With this background, we remain steadfast in our dedication to promoting human rights, preventing atrocities, and providing humanitarian assistance to those in need, both at home and abroad. The 2030 agenda sets out a vision for a sustainable development grounded in international human rights standards, promoting one of the main values of the UN Charter to Leave No One Behind. Only through respect for human rights can we achieve a more peaceful, equal and sustainable world. Croatia will continue to champion this course. As a country still searching for 1,792 missing persons from the Homeland War, Croatia spares no efforts to end the anguish of uncertainty for their families. We shall never cease the search for them and we shall never stop demanding answers from those who know their fate. (03:37:45) We contribute by sharing our acquired expertise with interested countries and by advocating for the missing persons everywhere in the world, in our national capacity and as a committed member of the Global Alliance for the Missing. Croatia is today extending its support to Ukraine by offering its expertise in prosecuting war crimes and making its seasoned experts available to assist Ukraine in navigating the complex process of accountability and justice, drawing from its own experience in addressing the aftermath of war crimes committed during the Homeland War. (03:38:21) Committed to eradicating domestic violence and violence against women, we have introduced femicide as a distinct criminal offense. Our goal is the elimination of gender discrimination and creation of conditions for real equality of women and men in society, at home, as well as abroad and in the multilateral system. This is why Croatia promotes women, peace and security at the global level as we know the disproportionate effect of conflict on women, but we have also seen how women when participating in all peacebuilding and sustaining peace process are agents of change and harbingers of peace. (03:39:04) Croatia also advocates a comprehensive approach to issues affecting persons with disabilities. This includes mainstreaming disability in all fields of human rights. With this in mind in the UN, we will be leading an effort by a cross-regional group of countries to proclaim the International Day of Deafblindness. This resolution will hopefully contribute to understanding as well as encourage and inspire national and legal recognition of deafblindness as a distinct and unique disability worldwide. (03:39:38) In the past three years, Croatia has also been honored to serve as a co-chair of the Group of Friends of the Responsibility to Protect in New York. We still believe more has to be done in terms of atrocity prevention and the operationalization of the responsibility to protect concept in the humanitarian context we are facing worse circumstances than ever. Croatia presides this year over the humanitarian affairs segment of the Economic and Social Council against the challenging backdrop of unresolved conflicts and eruption and escalation of new ones, climate-related disasters, disease outbreaks, economic shocks and famine for millions of people. Focusing the discussion on the consequences of the erosion of respect for international humanitarian law, clear and strong calls were heard across the board for upholding international humanitarian law, ending impunity, bolstering women's leadership, addressing climate emergency and for ethical and responsible use of new technologies. (03:40:46) Ladies and gentlemen, as one of equal successor states of former Yugoslavia, Croatia is among the founders of the United Nations. Following the dissolution of former Yugoslavia in the midst of defending itself from aggression in invasion 32 years ago, Croatia reconfirmed its commitment to the UN Charter this time as a free, sovereign and independent member state of the United Nations. Ours is a journey of liberty and democracy, a pursuit of peace and prosperity, of vigilant defense of human rights and dignity, while honoring the values and principles of multilateralism and international cooperation that the UN embodies. Our experience as a small but resilient nation with a deep understanding of peace, security and development underscores the importance of reforming and revitalizing the UN to ensure it remains fit to address the global challenges of today and tomorrow. (03:41:47) The Pact for the Future, a pivotal document for strengthening multilateralism that we adopted earlier this week elaborates about both General Assembly and Security Council reform. And we believe we should further strengthen reform and revitalize these two institutions. While the role of the GA has been strengthened recently with regard to issues which the Security Council failed to address, more should be done in relation to the maintenance of international peace and security. (03:42:19) This relates also to the cooperation of the General Assembly with both the Security Council, the Economic and Social Committee, and the Peacebuilding Commission. The UN Secretariat should be made fit for purpose and the selection of the Secretary General and all other, especially high-level posts need to be guided by the principles of merit, transparency, inclusiveness, gender, and geographic rotation. (03:42:48) Finally, allow me to reflect on Southeast Europe, a region in our neighborhood. As a country with deep expertise and a nuanced understanding of Southeast Europe, we stand as a model of successful integration into both the European Union and NATO. This unique position not only gives us Croatia's special status within the region, but also grants its significant authority in advocating for peace stability and European aspirations of our neighbors. Croatia consistently encourages our Western Balkan partners to invest even more in fulfilling the established criteria. Regional cooperation and good neighborly relations along with solving outstanding issues and disputes remain an essential indispensable part of the process. (03:43:35) The merit-based approach and rewarding individual achievements in fulfilling the standards will accelerate accession to the European family. In this regard, those who cooperate in good faith align with the EU's, for instance, foreign policy resolutions and positions and conduct genuine reforms should move ahead on their EU accession path. (03:43:56) Of particular importance for us is the stability of our neighboring Bosnia and Herzegovina with which we share more than 1000 kilometers long border. In order to achieve security and stability in the country the constitutional full of the three constituent peoples Croats, Bosniaks, and Serbs must be ensured and the Dayton-Paris Accords, the peace treaties that ended the war and confirmed the multinational multi-confessional and multicultural Bosnia and Herzegovina must be upheld. (03:44:34) In conclusion, the story of our country is one of transformation from a nation rebuilding after war to a committed partner within the global community. Our journey reflects the power of collaboration, vision, and perseverance. As we look ahead, Croatia is ready to join, to continue contributing to a world where peace, justice, human rights, and sustainable development are attainable for all. Together through multilateralism, we can overcome today's challenges and build a future where every country, every citizen can thrive. The path may be long and difficult, but by standing united we can make it a reality. Let us move forward with renewed purpose, ensuring that the foundations we build today will support a prosperous and peaceful tomorrow. Thank you for your attention.

On behalf of the Assembly, I wish to thank the Prime Minister of the Republic of Croatia. (03:45:41) The Assembly will hear an address by his Excellency, James Morape, Prime Minister of the independent state of Papua New Guinea. I request protocol to escort his Excellency and invite him to address the Assembly.

His Excellency Mr. Philemon Yang, president of the General Assembly, his Excellency Mr. António Guterres, Secretary General of the United Nations, distinguished head of state and head of governments, Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, it is my honor to address this August hall once again, on behalf of my people of Papua New Guinea. (03:46:52) Mr. President, firstly let me congratulate you, the government and people of Cameroon on your successful election to lead the work of the 79th session of the General Assembly. I thank your predecessor, his Excellency Mr. Dennis Francis for his excellent leadership during the 78th UN General Assembly. I also extend my gratitude to the United Nations Secretary General for his strong leadership to mobilize the support of the global community on key issues that require our collective efforts, especially in dealing with climate change-related matters. (03:47:33) Mr. President, you selected a theme for this debate, "Leaving no one behind: Acting together for the advancement of peace, sustainable development and human dignity for present and future generations," I believe it's very pertinent. I thank you and commend your foresight in drawing our collective attention to the work we must still do for peace and humanity, considering the vast challenges that continues to threaten our society and what we face today. (03:48:05) Mr. President, I speak on three threats to humanity that is complementary to your theme. These threats in my view are religious intolerance, poverty induced by climate change and geopolitical differences, and sovereignty contests over territories and people. And I will prefix this statement here with my country as a backdrop. (03:48:31) Mr. President Papua New Guinea is the world's most culturally and linguistically diverse nation with over 830 languages in a myriad of sub-ethnicities and sub-cultures that are still authentically Indigenous today as I speak. A real-time modern nation of 1000 tribes, and we embrace this diversity and do our utmost best to function as one people, one nation, and one country in our intention to leave no one behind. (03:49:04) In terms of environment Mr. President, my country holds up to 7% of world's biodiversity, mostly housed within a tropical rainforest that is the third largest in the world and has a vast marine ecosystem. We sustainably manage our forest land and sea because our livelihood depends on them. Papua New Guinea in a small way teaches the world on how living in balance with nature, tolerating cultural diversities and practicing environmental stewardship. (03:49:39) The father of our country, our modern Papua New Guinea, the late great Grand Chief Sir Michael Thomas Somare was a champion in this regard. In fact, Sir Michael championed the course of Article 5 that has become its final place into the Paris Agreement. As I speak today, early in year 2000s, this is a reflection of Papua New Guinea's strong affinity to the forest, land and sea. In this regard, my country has been contributing to the public of global discourse over the last two decades in as far as environmental management is concerned and matters relating to climate change. Unfortunately this has been met with very little return of action. However, we continue to stand ready to assist the United Nations family in this area. (03:50:32) Mr. President, over the last 49 years of our country's history as an independent nation, our challenges has been many, compounded by vast ethnolinguistic diversities and cultural complexities and the small size of our economy. However, we have remained as one people and one nation. (03:50:50) We have moved in the last 49 years, we started off as a least developed nation. Today we have entered the middle income earning nation studies. And we intend in the next 20 years to migrate from where we are today to a high income earning nation by 2025. In doing that, we will migrate from being just a raw resource exporter to a manufacturing economy within the next decade. (03:51:20) Mr. President, I want to assure you all that all this is being done in total alignment and we have aligned our development agendas to the United Nations Charter, especially consistent with the 17 sustainable development goals of the United Nations. Our aspirations mirror that of this August institution. In fact, in 1975 when we gained independence, our national constitutional eight-point plan directs not just my government today, but government into the future as it was in the past governments that led my country on our national aspirations to leave no person behind. Mr. President our nation's mission 2050 that was launched in 2010 compels governments to develop Papua New Guinea into a top 50 nation by 2050 in terms of Human Development Index. Papua New Guinea looks forward to submitting to the United Nations, a full progressive report in July of 2025 at the High-level Political Forum, the secondary voluntary National Review covering the work we have undertaken thus far amidst the challenges we continue to face and the steps we are taking going forward that will culminate in 2030. (03:52:37) Mr. President, if you can indulge me in sharing an insight into managing a diverse, multicultural people and what has helped us to blend as one nation. I put to you the role of Christian missionaries and their work that dates back to 1845 when the first Catholic missionaries arrived in my country. In 1975 when we gained independence became profound. And consistency with your theme Christianity in PNG has been the front-runner, bearing a message of unity, peace and sustainable coexistence and embracing diversity of cultures, language, and tribes into one human family living in our natural environment as God has created. (03:53:21) Since then, Christian charities have contributed immensely to our country's development through their health and education programs. Real Christianity teaches love, peace, unity, forgiveness, giving meaning to living, no person left behind. Whilst PNG is identified as a Christian nation Mr. President, I want to assure you and all who are listening that Section 45 of our nation's Constitution protects individual's right to choose and practice of faith and religion. We subscribe strongly to Article 18 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights on freedom of thought, conscience and religion. United Nations has been the anchor of this God-given right of humanity, and I offer my country's support to the protection of individual's choice and rights to practice their faith. And ask that this remains our key duty of United Nations. (03:54:19) Mr. President since the dawn of humanity, history teaches us that many wars have been fought and many lives lost as a result of religious intolerance. We see that happening today. That history is stained with blood of innocent people who have died from state, tribe or Chad sanctioned killings. The United Nations Mr. President must condemn laws that encroach upon individual choice of religion and worship. This is a God-given right. And I see the issue of enforcement of religion upon one another as a threat to peace and coexistence of mankind. I ask United Nations to keep words over religious freedom of all people, especially minority people in society where major religions are practiced. (03:55:08) Mr. President, the second threat I see facing humanity is poverty. And especially poverty induced by climate change. The pursuit of wealth has cost men to plunge ahead of its resources beyond the threshold of sustainability with little consideration for our children's future. The acceleration of climate change, for instance, is a direct result of mankind's insatiable appetite for resources, an attitude of survival of the fittest nations and corporations jostle and stampede over each other in order to harvest resources. Causing environmental degradation, deforestation, burning of cheaper fossil fuel and pollution spreading our planet into climate catastrophes that will further endanger poverty. Ocean nations like mine continue to live with the climate change-induced sea level rise and weather pattern changes that has now become an accidental threat. That is why we welcome the chair's summary of the High-level meeting on Sea Level Rise. Together with other Pacific Island countries, we continue to recognize the 1982 UN Convention on Law of Sea as a legal framework within which all activities in the ocean and seas must be carried out. Reaffirm commitment to the Pacific Island Forum Declaration of Continuity of Statehood and the protection of Persons in the face of climate change related sea level rise. (03:56:47) Last month, the Pacific Island leaders Forum in Tonga officially recognized this climate change manifestations as existential threat to our Pacific people. We stand united in the support of one world led United Nations General Assembly proposal for the inclusion of sea level rise as a standalone agenda in the United Nations General Assembly and other relevant United Nations processes. (03:57:13) Mr. President, despite our economic needs, PNG remains committed to safeguarding both our blue ocean life and our green forest life for its children. As a forest nation, PNG continues to play a proactive role to progress our commitments under United Nations Framework, Convention on Climate Change and the Paris Agreement by undertaking adaptations and mitigation effort. However, accessing a global climate finance continues to be a challenge to Papua New Guinea and many small nations. We call on United Nations to look into this matter with a sense of urgency or else we can liquidate our forests and marine resources to achieve our development aspirations, especially in a pursuit to alleviate poverty from our people. It is for this reason I speak in solidarity with all forest nations, especially those in the Congo Basin and those in the Amazon Basin for adequate compensation if we are to preserve our forests, which is in fact the lungs of Earth. (03:58:26) Mr. President Papua New Guinea's vast forests, rich biodiversity, marine life and Indigenous people and cultures are now at the crossroads of great change either of preservation or loss and extinction. The responsibility to save our environment and planet should bear on all of us in equal measure. It is now up to members of United Nations who saved these forests, which are global assets as I speak. (03:58:56) On this note, I want to thank my good friend his Excellency Emmanuel Macron, President of France for mobilizing European Union funding for our forest conservation area called Managalas in my country, this is the kind of partnership that should be encouraged. And again, I remind the world, the forest of PNG is a global asset. It must be preserved at a price transferable to improving lives of my forests. You cannot talk about climate change without conversations on forestry. They are the two sides to the same coin in conversations on climate change. And I call for others out there, especially those who have big carbon footprints, you have to do justice through Planet Earth by doing your part, especially assisting us in the preservation of our forests. (03:59:49) Mr. President the third threat facing humanity in my view is geopolitical differences and sovereignty contests over territories and people. Increasing geopolitical conflicts and tensions are fueling fragmentation and protectionism around the world today. The restrictions on trade, disruptions in supply chains, growing competitions are crippling our economies. We need to examine peaceful strategies and solutions and invest in peacebuilding initiatives for de-escalation, mutual understanding, cooperation, build trust and foster peaceful relationships. The United Nations role in this must be respected by all nations for really it was for this reason that the UN was born. So the world does not need to face many more wars again or another big war again. (04:00:42) Mr. President, I say this, violence begets violence and is evil no matter what the justification may be, violence begets violence. Peace must be achieved by peaceful means. No matter how long or unjust it may seem, peace must be achieved by peaceful means. We live in a time where the press of a button and atomic or nuclear bomb has the ability and potential to destroy our planet. No conflicts can be resolved if we allow United Nations one rule book to take prominence over our own parochial national interests. (04:01:24) In PNG, we partner with the United Nations in national and sub-national peacebuilding efforts. One good example is the de-escalation of our own internal conflict on Bougainville. When United Nations supervised the Bougainville peace agreement in 2001 and continues to ensure we complied with all requirements of that agreement, including bringing the 2019 referendum results to a national parliament. To this day, I'm happy to report that no bullets has since been fired in Bougainville. (04:01:54) This is the role and the strength of United Nations. And I call on all nations and people to respect the charter of this institution and the reasons for its existence. PNG therefore calls on the UN and its systems to begin the process to review the Security Council and the reforms that must take place including removal of veto powers so all nations can sit equally on the table in as far as decision-making is concerned. (04:02:21) Mr. President, we must do all we can to restore stability to the far reaches of Earth. Global conflicts cause domino effect and the subsequent impacts are felt throughout the world, including intergenerational wounds. (04:02:36) Mr. President as I conclude, let me remind us again on our collective responsibility to together preserve our planet and our human race. In 1987, a space philosopher called Frank White wrote the Overview Effect, a cognitive shift astronauts experienced after viewing Planet Earth from space. And upon that we return to Earth, he records that most astronauts, if not all, experience a self transcendence, appreciating Earth much more and feeling a very strong connection to all people on the planet. (04:03:17) And I'm sure Neil Armstrong in 1969, on July 20, when he gazed back on Planet Earth standing on moon, he would've looked back and he would not have seen his country, the United States of America. He would've seen the blue planet, the planet he called home. (04:03:37) I call upon all of us esteemed leaders of this planet, let us adopt a little bit of overview effect to see the world through the eyes of the astronauts, they see the planet from humanity perspective one planet, one people, one humanity. They appreciated Earth much better. I want to ask all of us, all leaders of Planet Earth, let us appreciate Earth, let us treasure its life-sustaining gifts. Let us do everything within our means to preserve and protect Planet Earth. It starts with all of us leaders to think and act correctly because our children's collective future depend on this one. (04:04:21) We have about one planet. After all, there's not two planets. You look at the observable universe, you look billions and billions of light years into the observable universe, there is no one planet that looks like us, only one planet. Let's preserve that, let us rise above religious bigotry, fight poverty together and coexist in peace under the charter, we ourselves have written into this magnificent institution called the United Nations. (04:04:50) I thank you all for the opportunity to speak. May the peace of my Lord Jesus be upon you, Mr. President and all people of Earth, a beautiful life-sustaining Earth.

May God bless each and every one of you.

On behalf of the Assembly, I wish to thank the Prime Minister of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea. The Assembly will hear an address by his Excellency, Robert Abela, Prime Minister of the Republic of Malta. I request protocol to escort his Excellency and invite him to address the Assembly.

Secretary-General, President, Excellencies, Distinguished Delegates, and dear friends. When we gathered this time last year, little could we have predicted that just a couple of weeks later our world would be plunged into even greater turmoil by the despicable attacks of October 7th. In the twelve months since, we have seen continued loss of life and a humanitarian emergency on such a scale that it is all too easy to give up hope. All too easy to believe that nothing can be done. All too easy to turn the other cheek. We cannot escape from the stark reality that our world faces the gravest of challenges, and the populations of far too many of these United Nations face the gravest perils. The gravity of those threats is such that we, as leaders from across the globe, are confronted with a choice of two paths. We can choose the path of despair, dejectedly deciding that is simply impossible to make a difference or we can choose the path of persistence. (04:07:20) Determined that, no matter how rough the waters, we can, and we must redouble our efforts to meet those challenges and mitigate those perils. I emphatically believe that we have a moral responsibility to take the path of persistence. I will never apologize for reaffirming the simple belief that motivated me to come into public life, that tomorrow can be better than today. And no matter what the headwinds, it is a belief that still motivates all I do. I refuse to believe that we should just give up. I refuse to listen to those siren whispers that the worst is inevitable, and it is not worth working for better outcomes. I refuse to give into the notion that we can defer difficult decisions, or that small countries have to passively accept the actions of larger players. To acquiesce to that negativity would be to accept that this General Assembly, that this United Nations is nothing more than a counsel of despair. To that I say a resounding no. (04:08:46) This United Nations can and must be a counsel of hope. Nobody is going to pretend that we can wave any sort of magic wand or deliver instant solutions. But we have a duty to keep hope alive, to keep trying, to keep working. To keep battling for the values that were the very foundation of the idea of a United Nations. (04:09:18) Eight decades ago, from the rubble of the first truly global conflict, our forerunners had the courage and the foresight to see that the world had to have a forum where the voice of every nation could be heard. And as colonialism rightly crumbled, there were to be a lot of newly independent nations to add their signatures to the Charter. Malta is one such nation. As we gained our independence from the United Kingdom, we took our place in the world. This year marks the 60th anniversary of Malta's accession to the United Nations. Over those six decades, my country has developed beyond the wildest dreams of the pioneers who saw us to statehood. So, as we mark 60 years of Malta as a proud member of the United Nations, and as the UN itself gets ready to mark its 80th anniversary, my message is clear. The world needs the United Nations now more than ever. Malta values the United Nations now more than ever. (04:10:39) And make no mistake, Malta may be a small country, but we will always be a loud voice against deferring difficult decisions and avoiding difficult conversations. We will never resign ourselves to a future devoid of peace. We will never abandon our commitment to supporting peace processes, no matter how tough those processes may be. We will remain steadfast in our support for steps to build and maintain peace in every region of conflict. We will remain as committed to, and confident in, this United Nations as that day in December 60 years ago when the ink dried on Malta's signature. (04:11:27) Malta has a unique political and geographical position. At the heart of the Mediterranean, a bridge between Europe and North Africa, and the crossroads of Europe and the Middle East. A full member of the European Union, but with neutrality enshrined in our constitution. We are acutely aware of the responsibility this position brings. Two words sum-up the role that I believe Malta can and does play. Honest broker. From hosting peace talks, to brokering difficult dialogues, we aim to harness our unique position to bring those in conflict together to at least try and find a way forward. (04:12:22) This is exactly the approach Malta has brought to our membership of the Security Council over the past two years. And that is exactly the approach we have brought to the Chair of the OSCE which we assumed in January. Malta was happy to step-up and take the Chair as an honest broker, allowing all members to endorse our leadership, and ensuring the work of this vital body can continue. Like Malta, the OSCE is a bridge between neighbors across continents. Europe can only be secure, and at peace, if its neighbors are secure and at peace. Which is why, both in the Security Council and in the OSCE, our guiding watchwords are always promoting sustainability, peace, and security. (04:13:24) This approach sits well alongside the OSCE's comprehensive conception of security as not just about ending military conflict, but also addressing the social and economic tensions that create and exacerbate international tensions. To that end we will continue to press for all nations to comply with the Arms Trade Treaty. The failure of too many countries to comply with international rules poses too great a threat to too many innocent citizens. President, as I've reflected on my country's six decades of membership of this United Nations, I've looked back at the wisdom of some of those who have held the office of Secretary-General. Sadly, these words of Ban Ki Moon remain as true and urgent today as ever: "The world is over- armed, and peace is under-funded." The peace and humanitarian budgets, which are at the heart of the UN's mission, remain severely underfunded, harshly impacting too many of the world's most vulnerable people. Which is why Malta urges all member states to play their part by remitting the resources to ensure the hard-working, hard-pressed frontline UN staff can play their part in bringing relief and hope where it is so desperately needed. (04:15:07) As Malta concludes its current term on the Security Council, I am proud of what we have been able to help achieve. Amidst the tragedy of events in Israel and Gaza we have worked with others to prioritize the relief of humanitarian suffering. We used our seat on the Security Council to work for Resolution 2712, which demanded urgent and extended humanitarian pauses and the provision of corridors through Gaza to supply critical supplies needed by so many innocent civilians, not least children. (04:15:47) The resolution also called for the release of hostages held captive by Hamas and other militant groups in Gaza. We are proud that this led to the release of 105 hostages during the negotiated seven-day pause. Similarly, I am pleased Malta played a key role in the Security Council adopting Resolution 2728, which demanded an immediate ceasefire in Gaza for the month of Ramadan, alongside the immediate release of all hostages. This was the first joint motion from the non-permanent members on a geographic situation in the Security Council's history. (04:16:35) Understandably, much of the world's attention has been on Israel and Gaza since October 7th, which has now expanded to a dangerous and deeply worrying escalation in Lebanon. We stand firm in our belief that we must all strive to ensure that the flames of this conflict do not engulf the whole region, and that we all take decisive steps to resolve this conflict before it is too late. (04:17:09) Furthermore, it is imperative that we, as a global community, do not lose focus on those other parts of the world where war and the killing of civilians is also all too present, and all too tragic, a daily reality. Sudan, Yemen, Syria and, of course, Ukraine. So, let me turn to another country in conflict. Malta's southern neighbor, Libya. Helping the Libyan people achieve a genuine and lasting resolution to the institutional crisis, for which they have paid too high a price for too long, is a key priority for Malta. For such a resolution would not only benefit the Libyan people, but it would also benefit all Libya's neighbors and the wider region. Only with a single functioning government, supported by citizens across the whole country, can Libya play its full part in addressing the migrant crisis which puts so many lives at risk. Which is why Malta warmly welcomes the initiatives taken by UNSMIL in bringing the parties together to sign an agreement that will hopefully end a crisis at the Central Bank of Libya; and also to kickstart the stalled wider political process. (04:18:39) Malta will continue to stand ready to do anything it can to aid that process, and we will be unstinting in advocating for proactive engagement by the international community to support and enhance these UN led efforts. Together we have a duty to aid the mediation needed to create a pathway towards national parliamentary and presidential elections in Libya. As friends and neighbors of Libya, we can and must help. But for the process to truly succeed, it must be Libyan led and Libyan owned. To which end, we unequivocally call for the immediate withdrawal of all foreign forces, fighters, and mercenaries from Libya. And Malta re-emphasizes the need for a full impletion of the Libyan arms embargo in line with all the relevant Security Council resolutions. (04:19:52) Equality is a key value for my government and my country. Just as the situation in Libya will only be resolved by all the people of the country knowing they have an equal voice, so are so many of the conflicts, disputes, and tensions around the world fueled by inequality. Equality isn't some sort of added extra, nice to have but not vital to tackling the world's problems. That view couldn't be more misguided. Equality, across gender, age, race, religion, disability, sexuality, is not just imperative for its own sake. Equality is also imperative in finding lasting solutions to so many of the challenges that face us all. So, I am honored Malta stands at the forefront of promoting civil liberties globally. We are one of the few countries that has already implemented an anti-racism strategy, and now we are in the process of drafting a second, renewed anti-racism strategy. We will never take equality for granted at home, and we will always advocate and support greater equality internationally. (04:21:21) All too often, it is women and girls who bear the brunt of conflict, and all too infrequently are the voices of women and girls heard when it comes to solving those conflicts. Without women, there can be no peace. As the world redoubles its efforts to bring peace, so must we all redouble our efforts to ensure the voice of women and girls is heard, at the top tables, as well as on the ground. (04:21:56) During our term on the Security Council, Malta has worked hard to do just that. Malta has chaired the Security Council Working Group on Children and Armed Conflict. In the last eighteen months, the Working Group has issued conclusions on the role of children in the conflicts in South Sudan, Nigeria, Mali, Afghanistan, CAR, Colombia, Iraq, and Somalia. That list is a sad testament to the magnitude and gravity of the repeated violations against children in crisis zones. We must never let up in our outrage and action at these persistent and flagrant abuses of the rights of the child, as enshrined by this United Nations. (04:22:47) President, we have a saying in Maltese: Il-bahar sinjur. The sea is wealthy. And indeed it is. As an island nation, for Malta, the wealth of the sea equates to the wealth of our people. The health of the sea equates to the health of our people. So we need no reminder just how essential it is to protect the wealth, health, and bio-diversity of the seas and oceans. And we know just how much small island nations like ours will be impacted as climate change warms oceans and raises sea levels. We, small island nations, are amongst the lowest emitters of greenhouse gases, but we are literally the frontline of the climate emergency. The impact of climate change will be felt by all our citizens. It is our duty to them to do all we can to minimize that change and maximize our resilience to the changes already being felt. Delay and prevarication simply aren't options. Climate change must remain at the top of the global agenda. (04:24:13) Solidarity, standing shoulder to shoulder, with our fellow small island nations is a key value for Malta. Solidarity means actions, not just words. The Islands for Islands initiative is central to our foreign policy, providing concrete, practical assistance to Small Island Developing States. Sharing best practice and building capacity. That's why Malta has jointly taken the lead in developing the Climate Vulnerability and Resilience Index, a practical resource to help small islands identify and prepare better for the effects of the changing climate. As sea levels become an ever greater concern so does the health of our seas and oceans become ever greater a priority. Malta remains, and will always remain, at the forefront of efforts to protect our oceans. (04:25:17) In the very first years of our UN membership, we were one of the foremost proponents of the principle of the Common Heritage of Mankind, thank you, Arvid Pardo, and it remains our lodestar. We have consistently spoken up in the Security Council about the existential threat from rising sea levels. And Malta will always remain unwavering in our support for the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. Malta welcomes the first ratifications of the Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction Agreement, which will provide much needed, much greater protection for the two-thirds of global oceans that lie beyond national jurisdictions. The treaty will only come into force when sixty nations have ratified it. Our oceans need it. Our peoples deserve it. So I say to my fellow leaders, speed up and sign. (04:26:28) To preserve healthy maritime environments we all need to take practical, innovative solutions and steps. That's why I am delighted at the success Malta's new Shore to Ship initiative is having. The stunning Grand Harbor in our capital city of Malta, which is Valletta, is a magnet for cruise ships. But while docked in berth, they can produce serious amounts of pollution if relying on their engines in the confined space. So shore to ship is installing onshore power supply alongside the quays used by cruise ships. Meaning they can switch off their engines and help reduce pollution in this most special of places by around 90 percent. (04:27:19) In Malta we know that while the sea can yield great gifts, it can also be the host for illicit activity and the breaking of international laws. The high seas must never become the Wild West. The rule of law and the will of the international community must always hold on sea as on land. Which is why Malta championed the creation of a unified database of all vessels involved in illicit activity, shareable and usable by all participating states. Shipping is central to international trade, so ensuring they are fully applied at sea is central to any successful sanctions regime. And that can only happen if ship owners know that trying to break sanctions brings consequences. But it is essential, for reasons of natural justice and to ensure buy in from member states, that the listing of those breaking sanctions is both fair and transparent. So Malta was proud to jointly hold the pen, alongside the United States, for resolution 2744, that overhauls the delisting process for the first time in almost two decades. By creating a better system for delisting where warranted, we can ward against premature lifting of sanctions which is not warranted. (04:28:53) President, we have witnessed how effective global health policies can unite nations, especially when addressing crises that transcend borders and that affect us all. Just yesterday, United Nations Member States adopted the Political Declaration on Antimicrobial Resistance, which has been diligently facilitated by Malta and Barbados over many months. AMR presents a collective threat and demands our urgent attention. We know what must be done to prevent the loss of millions of lives and divert trillions of dollars in additional healthcare costs. This Declaration should serve as a strategic roadmap for policymakers, guiding their efforts to tackle AMR in the years ahead. (04:29:49) President, when we reconvene in a years' time we will be marking the 80th birthday of our United Nations. But we mustn't ever be just marking time. We need to always be marking progress. As Dag Hammarskjold said: "The pursuit of peace and progress cannot end in a few years in either victory or defeat. The pursuit of peace and progress, with its trials and its errors, its successes and its setbacks, can never be relaxed and never abandoned." (04:30:32) In Europe the average life expectancy is just over eighty years. The United Nations will only have life expectancy longer than that, if we all recommit to its future. As the saying goes, I want reports of its death to be greatly exaggerated. Yes, we can't ignore the fact that the architecture of the world's collective security is under stress like never before. Voices of nationalism dismiss the need to work together. Instigators of conflict believe they can escape the wrath and the writ of the global community. Both couldn't be more wrong. Acting to end conflict and relieve suffering is never easy. But that doesn't mean we should stop trying. Reaching consensus across borders and across political differences is never easy. But that doesn't mean we should stop trying. Acknowledging we have all contributed to the state our world is in today and setting aside pride to try and make the world a better place is never easy. But that doesn't mean we should stop trying. (04:31:51) Arguably the temptation to wring hands and see change as too hard to achieve is greatest for small nations like mine. To sit back and sigh that the big boys have made too much of a mess of things. Well, Malta will never sit back. Malta will never wring hands. Malta will never leave it to others. Yes, Malta will always be realistic. But Malta will always be committed to multilateralism. When the perils are at their greatest, the need to work together is at its greatest. So, let us use the next twelve months, in the run up to that 80th anniversary, to reassert our collective belief in this United Nations, to redouble our efforts, to resolve conflict, to take the steps the future of the earth needs, and to deliver the change the peoples of this planet need and deserve. To raise our game in supporting the Secretary-General in delivering the institutional reform the United Nations needs to better fulfill its purpose. (04:33:04) In short, and with every fiber of my being, I say to my fellow leaders: Now is the time to choose, and we must choose the path of persistence. We must reject the path of despair. Yes, our world faces huge challenges and huge threats. But if we lose belief in the power of collective action, if we lose belief in the ability to work together to make a difference, then we are losing belief in the very idea of a better world. If we fail to persist, we fail to lead. If we fail to perceive, we fail the people who put their faith in us. Failure simply isn't an option. The stakes are too high. The risks too great. The consequences too severe. So let us make that choice. Let us today recommit as a United Nations. Let us affirm the path of persistence. And, no matter how tough the going, let us enter the 80th year of this United Nations with the simple goal in our head and in our hearts. Let us, now more than ever, never give up believing that tomorrow can and must be better than today. Thank you.

On behalf of the Assembly, I wish to thank the Prime Minister of the Republic of Malta. (04:34:51) The Assembly will hear an address by his Excellency, Philip Edward Davis, Prime Minister and Minister for Finance of the Commonwealth of The Bahamas. I request protocol to escort his Excellency and invite him to address the Assembly.

Mr. President, Mr. Secretary-General, Your Excellencies. I wish to congratulations to Ambassador Yang on your election to the President of the General Assembly for this year coming, and give my best wishes to outgoing Ambassador Francis for leading us in the last year. (04:35:42) Over the past three years, The Bahamas has been pleading with member states to engage in urgent action in respect of climate change. (04:35:54) Along with other Small Island Developing States we have highlighted our vulnerabilities, and our predicament. We have told you what we know, shared our experiences from the frontline, described what we are doing to address the various issues, and warned how our yesterdays are your tomorrows. There has been some welcome progress, but it falls far, far short, of what is needed. And now we all have to live with the reality of a climate crisis, that has pushed our planet past the critical threshold of 1.5 degrees Celsius for an entire year. (04:36:35) At this very moment, the new harsh reality manifests in hurricanes and heat, fire and floods. Member states can somehow quickly find eye-watering sums of money for bullets and bombs, but only rattle small change in their pockets when it comes to financing the costs of loss and damage, repair and recovery, so desperately needed to adapt to the new climate reality. Why? Why do members persist in ignoring the biggest threat of our lives? The easy answer would be to say that you just don't care. But I cannot accept that. To do so would be to accept a view of humanity which is at odds with my faith and lived experience of humanity. (04:37:23) But we in The Bahamas clearly see that lack of determined, committed action, as a series of misguided, short- term choices and priorities. We can choose differently. We can choose better. We can act to address real, consequential priorities, priorities that are already impacting the lives of every single one of us, and will continue to impact the lives of our children and their grandchildren for generations to come. (04:37:52) The irony is that generations before us did not have an established forum such as this, a place to come together, as a whole world, to work together for the common good. The genocidal crisis of the Second World War gave birth to the United Nations, and the ensuing wars of independence, and regional conflicts means that we have in place, the structure for real, effective action. And so today, as The Bahamas celebrates 51 years of membership of the United Nations, we offer our service to the international community as we bid for non-permanent membership of the Security Council, for the term 2032-2033. (04:38:34) We do so because the present crisis of today, the looming crisis of tomorrow, requires even greater degrees of ingenuity, effort, multilateral cooperation and sacrifice, than the world needed in the aftermath of the Second World War. We understand well that the Council's mandate to maintain international peace and security goes far beyond the mere absence of war. But we also know that, from where we stand, on the frontline of the impact of climate change on humanity, that the mandate to cooperate in solving international problems now, more than ever, requires us to stand up and step forward. We do so to amplify the voices of Small Island Developing States. We do so, because the voices of Small Island Developing States are the harbingers of what lies in store for all of us. (04:39:25) The Security Council of the future will not be equipped to deal with the biggest crisis of our time, without voices like ours at the table. The link between climate change and global security is undeniable. Things are bad now, and they are going to get a lot worse, before they get better. Climate considerations must be integrated into all aspects of the Security Council;s work. Because of this, The Bahamas stands ready to advocate and support whatever reforms are needed, to help maximize the effectiveness of the work of the Council. Membership

... membership for countries like ours was not what the charter members contemplated when the UN was established, but it is countries like ours which will help the council with inclusive, truly representative decision-making needed to help address the greatest crisis of our time. (04:40:16) Friends, aspirations to lasting global peace and security will remain empty dreams if not supported by economic security. For too long, the global financial system has been skewed against developing nations. It is a cruel irony that industrialized nations who bear the greatest responsibility for the climate crisis often perpetuate another form of injustice, in the form of our current global system. (04:40:44) You have been instrumental in exposing the hypocrisy of unilateral blacklisting and advocating for a framework that prioritizes fairness and inclusivity. The present system, with its dark rules, an uneven playing field drains resources from developing countries, leading us to grapple with the consequences. (04:41:03) The Bahamas refuses to accept this double standard, we are raising our voice to demand a fairer and more equitable international framework, one where the voices of all countries, regardless of population or GDP are heard and respected. The Bahamas will continue to be a leading voice in championing this issue for as long as we need to do so, no matter how lonely or how long the journey may take. (04:41:29) Even among small- island developing states, the Bahamas is uniquely vulnerable. We are not waiting for solutions, we are creating them. We have created a national Youth Guard empowering our young people to become environmental champions, because we know that future generations will have an enormous burden to shoulder. (04:41:48) We're embracing innovation, particularly in the realm of ocean technology to find solutions to the climate crisis. The Bahamas may be small in size, but we are not short on ambition or ingenuity. We have said it before, but we can never say it often enough, countries like The Bahamas contribute so little to the problems of the world and, yet, we are among the first and greatest affected. (04:42:11) Over 40% of my country's national debt is as a direct result of the impacts of climate change. Locked as we are into an annual cycle of severe hurricanes repair and rebuild, how can we fulfill the reasonable aspiration of our people for national development? We need to stop thinking of climate change merely as an environmental threat. (04:42:33) It is a threat multiplier, exacerbating existing tensions, creating new ones, and undermining the very foundations of global security. If we think we have refugee challenges now, do we really want to wait until millions are forced to cross borders just to survive? As resources become scarcer, as livelihoods are lost, the potential for conflict, for instability and mass migration becomes inevitable. (04:43:03) And so we ask you to take note of your own self-interest. Your Excellencies, in our Caribbean region, the Republic of Haiti is facing a multidimensional security crisis. It is born of gang violence and resource scarcity, made worse by massive earthquakes, hurricanes, and other natural hazards. In accordance with UNSC Resolution 2966, passed in 2023, and in coordination with the government of Haiti, member states are contributing to a multinational security support mission. (04:43:40) The Bahamas government is strongly of the view that any mission in Haiti ought to be Haitian-led and aim to build the capacity of the Haitian national police to counter gangs and improve security conditions. The Bahamas reiterates the importance of continued and sustained financial support from donor countries to ensure that UN trust fund is able to fund the MSSM operations now and in the future. The Karakum region in and of itself cannot do it alone and so we urge you to take note of this important aspect of the MSSM mission. (04:44:18) Looking beyond our region in 2024, The Bahamas has looked to South-South cooperation to fill the gaps in development support. We continue to be active participants in Karakum. We value the support of the commoners and the solidarity between Caribbean and Pacific common states. I look forward to meeting this year in Samoa. We value the deepening relationship between Karakum and the African region. (04:44:45) We see renewed value in the Group of 77 and a non-aligned line movement. Our concerted efforts to collectively focus on climate reparations have resulted in new pathways of climate justice at the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea and at the International Court of Justice. (04:45:05) We remain determined to protect and preserve our climate and our precious biodiversity through the progressive development of international law. COP 29 must be a turning point. It is estimated that by 2050, climate-related damage is projected to rise to an almost unimaginable $28 trillion per year. (04:45:28) My friends, in some respects, it is already too late. Where we are is not good enough, but there's still time, time just enough if we act and act now. Let's revitalize the stalled negotiations on a new collective, quantified goal on climate finance. We cannot afford another year of inaction. Developed nations must step up, not just with words, but an enforceable, concrete commitments that reflect the scale and urgency of the crisis. (04:46:05) While global military expenditure soared to an unprecedented $2.4 trillion last year, the loss and damage fund painstakingly established at COP 28 has secured a mere $800 in pledges. This is a drop in the ocean compared to the trillions needed to address the escalating costs of the negative impacts of climate change. (04:46:29) This is not just an issue of funding, it is fundamentally an issue of sustainability and survival. Without it, peace and security mean nothing. The loss and damage fund must be fully operationalized. This is about responsibility, accountability, and building a future where those who have polluted the most, contribute the most to cleaning up the mess. (04:46:55) The rise in global temperatures of more than 1.5 degrees Celsius this past year has put us in a new reality. But we must do more than roll the dice. Where effort, serious action, tangible progress, these are the only paths to sustainable solutions. And the same truths remain, we must prioritize energy solutions around sources of renewable energy. Redirecting the vast subsidies given to the fossil fuel industry towards renewable energy and climate adaptation mitigation will be a powerful start. (04:47:33) We must reform the global financial institutions and systems. We need multilateral development banks that are fit for purpose, providing accessible finance and prioritizing climate resilience investments. We must continue to work to strengthen international cooperation. We need a renewed commitment to collective multilateral action. (04:47:54) But friends, within this global emergency, we also see a glimmer of hope. The 1.5 degrees Celsius threshold cannot be an endpoint but a turning point, an opportunity to reject complacency and chart a new course when grounded in innovation, collaboration, and a resolute commitment to a just and sustainable future. (04:48:18) We're not asking for a handout, but for hander. Even the strongest swimmers drowns if left alone in a raging sea. I'll be remiss if I had to leave this podium without joining my sister Prime Minister Barbados in calling and renewing my call for the removal of the blockade in Cuba. It is hurting the people of Cuba. (04:48:51) And though it is said that the blockade is against Cuba, it is the people in Cuba who suffers daily. It has not worked. It's been in place now for how many years? Over 70 years. So why should it still remain? And we call upon all of us here present to seek to persuade those who have the blockade to remove it and move it as soon as possible. Thank you for listening.

On behalf of the Assembly, I wish to thank the prime minister and minister for finance of the Commonwealth of The Bahamas. The Assembly will hear an address by His Excellency Kassim Majaliwa Majaliwa, prime minister of the United Republic of Tanzania. I request protocol to escort His Excellency and invite him to address the Assembly.

Your Excellency Philemon Young, president of the 79th session of the United Nations General Assembly, excellencies, heads of state and government, ladies and gentlemen. Mr. President, on behalf of Our Excellency Dr. Samia Suluhu Hassan, president of United Republic of Tanzania, I stand before this august Assembly to deliver a message of hope and peace to the people of the world. (04:50:45) In doing so, I wish to convey warm and fraternal greetings from the president and the people of United Republic of Tanzania. Her excellence Dr. Samia Suluhu Hassan, president of the United Republic of Tanzania, wishes this Assembly every success in its important [inaudible 04:51:03]. (04:51:04) I would also like to join the previous speakers in commending you, Mr. President, for the excellent manner you are steering the work for the Assembly. Tanzania endorses in support of the theme chosen of this session that is leaving no one behind, acting together for the advancement of peace, sustainable development, and the human divinity for present and future generations. (04:51:34) This theme aligns well with the United Nations Charter and build on the effort of your predecessor, His Excellence Dennis Francis, whose remarkable leadership is truly appreciated. Tanzania recognizes and thank the Secretary-General for his great work and the important message he shared with us at the opening of this general debate. Mr. President, the participation in the 79th General Assembly has been a unique opportunity for us to share perspectives regarding to the pledge and the commitment made for addressing global challenges, such as pandemics, extreme poverty, climate change, and the conflicts. I would like to share some of Tanzania's perspectives as follows, sustainable development, Tanzania's path to inclusive growth. (04:52:34) Mr. President, the Sustainable Development Goal, a beacon of hop in addressing global challenges. Tanzania's journey towards sustainable development reflect that of many nations facing significant challenges for the detrimental impact of COVID-19 on health and economic systems. Climate change, marked by extreme weather pattern, like torrential rain and droughts has deteriorated health issues and strained infrastructures. (04:53:11) We are concerned about the slow pace in attaining these goals. Whereas, of 2023, only 17% of targets were on track, with over one-third regressing or stalling. Urgent action and the global solidarity are needed to overcome barriers, such as economic balances, climate change, conflict, and agenda inequality. (04:53:37) Mr. President, our commitment toward the realization of SDGs is a forecast on sustainability economic growth through strategic investment in agriculture, aquaculture, livestock, fisheries, infrastructure development, energy, and digital economy. Our goal is to improve food security, reduce poverty, ensure job creation, and drive inclusive economic growth. (04:54:07) There are many success stories in Tanzania emanating from this investment, such as the empowerment of youth through the Building Better Tomorrow agriculture initiatives in mainland Tanzania, and empowerment of local women in Zanzibar, through seaweed farming. (04:54:25) On the other hand, Tanzania implements policies to ensure access to quality healthcare and education for all citizens, including the Universal Health Insurance Act and the free basic education. The government also invests in the vocational training and STEM education to prepare youth for job market and digital economy. (04:54:50) Defending human dignity, inclusivity, and equality, Mr. President, for decades, Tanzania foreign policy has prioritized respect for human dignity. Addressing this Assembly on 4th December, 1961, Julius Kambarage Nyerere, the then prime minister of Tanganyika stated that, "The basis of our action, internal and external, will be an attempt, an honest attempt to harness the dignity of man." (04:55:24) Mr. President, Tanzania has maintained this pledge by leading the fight against colonialism and racism. In this regard, Tanzania hosted the OAU Liberation Committee, supporting freedom fighters in their struggles for independence. Despite gaining political liberation, many countries still face economic sanction and inhuman condition which hinders the achievement of genuine development. (04:55:56) Thus, we call for realization of right of self-determination of all people and the colonial occupation, and the fighting and the lifting of economic sanction imposed against them. This Assembly must continue to more broadly call for the lifting of economic sanctions placed against the people of Cuba and other countries, too. So, to allow the peoples of these countries realize their basic rights, including rights to development. (04:56:27) Mr. President, global humanitarian crisis due to war, conflict, and natural disaster requires unrestricted access to humanitarian aid, fair treatment of victims, accountability to atrocities, and the United Nations commitment to uphold human dignity for a peace world. Tanzania believes that every individual deserves to live in dignity, freedom, and security, to reach their full potential. The United Nations must not remain indifferent in these solutions as doing so would only determine its legitimacy. (04:57:09) Mr. President, let me talk about peace and security. Security is indivisible. In the face of global health insecurity, characterized by the pandemic, such as COVID-19 and current mpox. The saying, " No one is safe until everyone is safe" truly gathers meaning. It is imperative that we should invest more in peace, foster unity, and rebuild the trust. (04:57:44) In this regard, Tanzania welcomes the adoption of General Assembly Resolution 78/312, which proclaimed July 7th as World Kiswahili Language Day. Kiswahili is a language spoken by over 200 million people in all continents. So for the world, is an important tool for advancing peace, unity, and the cultural diversity. (04:58:14) While Tanzania and other Kiswahili-speaking countries looking forward to commemorate this day in 2025 and beyond, we also call on this Assembly to explore the possibility of recognizing Kiswahili as an official language of our esteemed organization, or this Assembly. (04:58:34) Tanzania, East African Community, Southern African Development Community, and the African Union have already led the way to Kiswahili-speaking. And it is again important that we invest more in peace initiatives, because there is no development without peace and unity. (04:58:58) Your Excellency, Mr. President, in the recognition of this requirement, Tanzania has several decades participated in peacekeeping, peace-building, and mediation efforts. Tanzania has and continue to contribute towards world peace through its membership in the United Nations Security Council and the Africa Union Peace and Security Council. (04:59:23) This contribution is also evident through its leadership in regional arrangements, such as International Conference on the Great Lakes Region of Africa and currently the chair of the Organ on Politics, Defence and Security of South Africa Development Community. I wish to reassure this august Assembly that Tanzania's commitment towards peace will not weaken. Tanzania will continue to diligently dispense the obligations emanating from culture of the United Nations. (04:59:57) Mr. President, let me talk about climate and change. Tanzania, like many other developing countries is highly valuable to droughts, floods, desertification, and effect to sea-level rise. It is estimated that the sea level will rise by 41 centimeter by 2080. While the sea level rise cannot be reversed, Tanzania's taking several adoption and mitigation measures, including the restoration and the plantation of mangrove and the enhancement of coastal infrastructure, and the promotion of ecotourism and aquaculture. (05:00:38) It is imperative that, therefore, that we must invest more in climate finance to help recover economies already suffering from these effects, and it'll enhance access to funding for loss and damage in the hand-hit countries. Mr. President, about transformation to clean energy, as we prepare for COP 29 in Baku, Azerbaijan, it is worth remembering that, globally, an estimated 2.4 billion people are still using polluting fuel for cooking. (05:01:13) This contributes to health problem, food insecurity, gender inequality, and environmental damage, including millions of premature death, limited access to education, employment for women and children, increased household gas emission and deforestation. Achieving universal clean-cooking assets in Africa, by 2030, would require an estimated about four billion US dollar annually, a small fraction of global energy spending. (05:01:45) Mr. President, in response to this alarming situation, Tanzania's championing a clean-cooking agenda, which essentially contributed to several SDGs, including goals number seven, focusing on ensuring access to affordable and sustainable energy for all. (05:02:03) Tanzania will host the African Energy Summit in January, 2025, means next year, co-organized with the World Bank and the Africa develop bank. The summit aims to accelerate the implementation of World Bank Group and the Africa Bank Group, commitment to provide electricity access to 300 million people in Africa, by 2030. We look forward to working together with the all partners to unlock energy potential and build brighter, more resilience future for Africa. (05:02:39) Mr. President, delivering on democracy, in November this year, Tanzania will hold local government election, followed by the presidential and the parliamentary election in October next year. As we prepare for this electoral event, I wish to assure this Assembly that democracy, human rights, and the rule of law will be upheld, in line with President Samir's vision, as captured in the 4Rs philosophy, namely reconciliation, resilience, reform, and rebuilding. (05:03:17) Since the announcement of 4R principles in 2021, the government of Tanzania has continued to foster harmony and promote unity across political, religious, and ethical divides. In implementation of 4R, the government has also undertaken several movements to reform that seek to address shortfall within the criminal justice system, allow the effective political process, and enhance the enjoyment of women rights. (05:03:47) Mr. President, reforms are crucial for countries and international organization to stay relevant for greater inclusiveness, transparent, and accountability, especially in multilateral bodies, like UN Security Council and the Bretton Wood Institution. Tanzania remain committed to rebuilding its economy and society, focusing on inclusivity and empowering its citizens for stronger future. (05:04:18) Mr. President, when I go to conclude my speech, Tanzania argues all the world leader to unite against international threats that undermine unity, peace, and human dignity. We are obliged to work together with goals stipulated in the charter of the United Nations of sparing succeeded generation from the scourge of war. (05:04:45) We must stop war and suffering that cause death and wanton suffering to innocent civilian, including women and children. Let us leverage innovation, adopt inclusive policies, and strengthen international cooperation, and acceleration the implementation of SDGR. Together, let us build perhaps partnership that transcend borders, ensuring no one left behind. (05:05:14) Let us undertake the necessary form to make our multilateral institution fit for purpose. Let us rebuild, trust, and reconcile our differences. Let us cooperate to build resilience of our institution and people. We can achieve the future we want if we commit to rebuild and restore what has been damaged by our past action. (05:05:38) As we look to the future, let us handle the commitments made in various international fora. Together, let us embrace this moment with optimism and the shared dedication to inclusivity. [foreign language 05:05:52]. Thank you so much for listening. Thank you so much for your attention.

On behalf of the Assembly, I wish to thank the prime minister of the United Republic of Tanzania. The Assembly will hear an address by His Excellency Ralph Gonsalves, prime minister and minister for national security, legal affairs and information of St. Vincent and the Grenadines. I request protocol to escort His Excellency and invite him to address the Assembly.

Mr. President, Your Excellencies, St. Vincent and the Grenadines is a magnificent exemplar of our Caribbean civilization. Despite a quarter-century of analysis, advocacy, and prescriptions set forth by leaders of small-island developing states and international institutions charged with advancing the interests of SIDS, our travails are enduring in a global community, largely disinterested in our well-being and that of small states generally. (05:07:46) We in SIDS remain unequally yoked in a global community motivated by the baser instincts of the untrammeled power of money, ideology, guns, lethal weapons, territorial and global dominance. To be sure, the SIDS have made incremental advances in the global community and in the architecture of international relations. Nevertheless, for us in SIDS, it has been a situation akin to going up a down escalator in which the down escalator is moving at a faster pace than the upward baby steps. (05:08:36) Frequently, it appears as though much of the powerful would wish the SIDS not to exist, but here we are stubborn as the heavens. We are not going anywhere despite our massive vulnerabilities. Our people have a permanence in this world. Even if some of our hands wash away, we have a voice and we will continue to use it. (05:09:09) We demand as of right a special support from the international community to address efficaciously the unique social, economic, and environmental vulnerabilities of SIDS. In the interest of the nearly 70 million people who permanently occupy the seascape and landscape of the SIDS, and in the interest, too, of all the other eight billion or so persons who inhabit Mother Earth. (05:09:43) Small-island exceptionalism ought to be a category embedded formally in international law and accorded most favorable treatment. Rather than securing a most favorable treatment, the SIDS are required to fight to maintain the special considerations which providence or serendipity has bestowed upon them. (05:10:11) A case in point is the attempt currently by the International Development Association, IDA, to pit the most vulnerable, the SIDS, against the poorest countries in its quest to tighten the terms under which qualifying SIDS of a particular income level, such as St. Vincent and Grenadines obtain soft loans through the World Bank IDA NEXUS. (05:10:38) In an event, why is the World Bank persisting with the single anachronistic and ill-designed metric of average per capita income in respect of vulnerable SIDS, in the age of the Anthropocene, as against a more comprehensive and sensible measure of a Multidimensional Vulnerability Index. (05:11:06) Your Excellencies, the unvarnished truth is that the developed countries have not kept their promises to the SIDS, except the most marginal ones. Importantly, the countries of the developed world, the major historic and contemporary emitters of greenhouse gases, have failed and/or refuse to keep their solemn commitments of restricting the global temperature at below 1.5 degrees Celsius, above pre-industrial levels. (05:11:40) Unless there are drastic alterations in the patterns of consumption production, life and living in developed and large-emerging economies, our planet is inexorably on a path to a proverbial hell in a hand basket. In the process, countries of an island or seaboard civilization are likely to be inundated by raging seas and enveloped in searing heat. (05:12:13) On the matter of the financing of climate change, the developed countries which have the means and the major historic responsibility to contain this existential threat have been parsimonious and less than responsible in practice. Even today, the cynicism and doublespeak of several major developed countries is breathtaking in response to the quest of most of the global community to transform the international financial institutions as fit for purpose in today's world, and for responsible reasonable alterations in the actual modalities of climate financing. (05:12:59) High representatives of most of these developed countries pay lip service, in general, to the innovative proposals, the Bridgestone 3.0 proposals endorsed by the Caribbean community, only to nitpick and delay, in the particular, on the progressive essentials. Brazenly, when these developed countries make a marginal concession, they trumpet it as a major advance so as to send the proverbial fool a little further. (05:13:33) The Antiguan Barbuda agenda for SIDS adopted earlier this year encompass an action-oriented framework for the way forward. The recently adopted Pact for the Future, by the United Nations General Assembly, provides a wider and promising buttress. In our advocacy. For the 39 SIDS, we embrace, too, the cause of the least- developed countries and the landlocked developing countries, all 92 vulnerable countries in the United Nations system. (05:14:10) Your Excellencies, growing material dissatisfaction grips increasingly large numbers of people in both the metropoles and the hinterlands in this highly interconnected world. Noticeably, the ceremony of innocence is drowned. Things are falling apart. The centers cannot hold, and the cascading effects are ripping the world asunder. The best of all lack conviction and the worst are full of passionate intensity. (05:14:48) Creative resistance and reconstruction are the banners under which ordinary men and women across the globe are draping themselves. Sadly,

In the North Atlantic countries, there is a growing and dangerous constituency for an illiberal, even a neo-fascist option of looking forward to an illusory past in search of making again their country's unalloyed mythical paradises of unrivaled dominance. They are looking forward to a past that never was. At the same time, even a modest middling social democracy is on the retreat because this old political shell of the post-1945 global order can barely contain the erupting contradictions within and outside it. Its search for new modalities is emerging but not yet fully formed, in part because the old order is unprepared to relinquish seed or share power, even as it realizes that it cannot continue to rule in the old way, but the new is yet to be born, and the forces of change lack a sufficiency of strength to deliver satisfactory alterations. (05:16:14) Your Excellencies, the war in Ukraine, the genocide in Gaza, the conflicts in the Yemen, Sudan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the threats across the Taiwan Strait, an empire's designs on revolutionary Cuba and Venezuela, the violence and more in Haiti and such like disruptions of the peace globally all have specific origins and contexts. But they're all reflective, too, of a failure of multilateralism, the hamstrung United Nations framework and the derogation from the fundamental precepts of the Charter of the United Nations. Large powerful nations singly, or in allied combinations, have a propensity to seek dominance. In this milieu, opportunistic, or servile alliances emerge or persist as the particular circumstances admit. It all degenerates into emanation politics of the madhouse. Hypocrisy, disinformation, and folly reign supreme. (05:17:33) Your Excellencies, in this context arises the trope of the neoliberal global order that the principle contradiction in today's global political economy is between democracy and autocracy. Still, all the self-serving shibbolets and gloss of this fictional construct will not wash away the unrepentant sins of the past or the cruel impositions of the present. The blinding truth is that the central contradiction in today's political economy is not between democracy and autocracy. The main contradiction has been, and still is today, that which revolves around the fundamental material questions of who gets what, when, where, and how. It is centrally about the struggle or competition for ownership, control and distribution of material resources, which constitute the basis for regional or global hegemony. Everywhere, more and more, the poor, the hungry, marginalized, the disadvantaged are clamoring and organizing for a different and better future, not an unacceptable past, not a present without possibilities of upliftment, but for a future beyond unbounded elements. (05:19:05) Your Excellencies, sadly, in our region, we have been experiencing the lived reality that the imperial ghost of Monroe still stalks the marbled halls of the citadels of a neighboring great country of extraordinary possibilities to the detriment of countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. No country in our hemisphere can reasonably be considered a security or the threat to this great nation. Yet St. Vincent and the Grenadines and other Caribbean countries have been damaged collaterally and directly in significant material ways by the weaponizing of the financial system and the unjust, unilateral coercive sanctions against Venezuela and Cuba, which are in breach of international law. I am pleading with our friends for an amicable reset of these troubled relations in the interest of peace, mutual respect, justice and prosperity. The international community continues overwhelmingly and rightly to demand the end of the unilateral sanctions, the embargoes and on unfair declaration about state sponsorship of terrorism and more made against Cuba. (05:20:35) Your Excellencies, on July the first, 2024, the category 4 Hurricane Beryl battered St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Grenada and Jamaica. Since the dawn of the 21st century, this is the 12th significant natural disaster to have struck my country. Hurricane Beryl has adversely affected one-fifth of our population and has caused economic damage amounting to one-third of our country's gross domestic product. The relief, recovery and reconstruction processes are underway. On behalf of the government and people of St. Vincent and the Grenadines, I thank all countries and organizations, including the United Nations, that have come to our aid in the aftermath of the hurricane. Unfortunately, for the recovery and rebuilding processes, we are essentially on our own. We have had to seek significant loans to rebuild our physical infrastructure and 5,000 houses, to provide income support for affected persons and to mobilize production support for the agricultural, fishing and tourism industries. I'm appealing to the international community, our dear friends, to assist us not with further burdensome loans, but with requisite grants. The recovery and reconstruction after every natural disaster increase sharply our debt burden. (05:22:04) Countries like ours have contributed little or nothing to global warming and man-made climate change, yet we suffer largely alone on the front lines. This cannot be fair. It cannot be just. Do we have to choose death or debt? D-E-A-T-H or D-E-B-T? Which one we have to choose? (05:22:29) Your Excellencies, the Caribbean community, the African Union, the community of States of Latin America and the Caribbean, their diasporas and all fair-minded persons globally have been insisting that the European nations responsible for native genocide and the enslavement of African bodies, peer reparations for the consequential legacy of underdevelopment. This issue of transformative reparative justice will not go away until it is appropriately addressed. (05:23:05) Your Excellencies, the suffering and pain of the Haitian people continue to weigh heavily on the consciences of our Caribbean. Through the efforts of the Haitian people, in tandem with the regional and international communities, especially CARICOM, the USA, Canada and Kenya, a measure of progress has been made on some fronts, but immense challenges remain in the humanitarian, security, political and economic spheres. The building of a free, democratic, peaceful and prosperous city demands commitment and concerted action from all the relevant stakeholders in pursuance of solutions devised by Haitians and led by Haitians. Haiti fatigue is not an option for the international community. (05:23:53) Your Excellencies, in our Caribbean, there is a growing challenge of violent crime involving the combustible mix of imported guns and bullets illegally, exported marijuana and the trafficking of cocaine from South America. It is evident that this challenge demands much closer cooperation operationally between all the countries concerned in the Caribbean, North America, South America, and Europe. In the Middle East, the collective punishment meted against the Palestinians in Gaza and the continued illegal occupation of Palestinian lands, including in the West Bank, amidst accompanying state terror by an Israeli regime in total defiance of international law is utterly unacceptable. Surely, despite the complexities of the problems at hand, this United Nations, especially the security council, ought to summon the courage and will to stop the carnage and facilitate the lasting peace and security. Your Excellencies, in the Far East, the prospect of a disruption of the tenuous peace across the Taiwan Strait is alarming. The quest for hegemony and the denial of a people's inalienable right to self-determination are wrong in the East as it is in the West. Bullying is objectionable in the West as it is in the East. Unilateral coercive action by a big power in the East is contrary to international law as it is surely in the West. St. Vincent and the Grenadines continues to urge that Taiwan be allowed to participate fully in the specialized agencies of the United Nations, including those pertaining to health, air and sea transport, climate change, disaster preparedness, and global policy. (05:25:56) Your Excellencies, it appears that there have been recently some positive movements in the long quest to effect the judicious and just reform of the United Nations Security Council. It is evident to all reasonable persons that reform of this body is long overdue. As the chair of the L.69 Group, St. Vincent and the Grenadines will continue its advocacy for an inclusive, more comfortably effective representative and relevant security council. (05:26:32) Excellencies, we know that a better world is possible. On the United Nations rests our hopes for a better world, for peace, justice, security, and prosperity. Let us also act in accord with our responsibilities, obligations, and means. Please let us not desecrate our future. Thank you.

On behalf of the Assembly, I wish to thank the Prime Minister and Minister for National Security, Legal Affairs and information of St. Vincent and the Grenadines. The assembly will hear an address by his Excellency, Russell Mmiso Dlamini, prime minister of the Kingdom of Eswatini. I request protocol to escort his Excellency and invite him to address the assembly.

Your Excellency, Mr. Philemon Yang, president of the 79th session of the United Nations General Assembly, Your Majesties, distinguished heads of state and government, the United Nations Secretary General, honorable delegates, ladies and gentlemen. Mr. President, it is with profound gratitude and deep sense of responsibility that I stand before you today at this pivotal gathering of the 79th United Nations General Assembly. I bring you the warmest greetings from His Majesty, King Mswati III, the queen mother, the government, and the people of the Kingdom of Eswatini. We are convened here, not merely as representatives of our nations, but as stewards of a shared global community, united in our commitment to peace, security, and sustainable development. As we gather under the theme leaving no one behind, acting together for the advancement of peace, sustainable development and human dignity for present and future generations, we are reminded of our shared duty to create a world where every individual has the opportunity to thrive. (05:29:32) Our obligation is to leave this planet in a better place for our posterity. The Kingdom of Eswatini joins this global assembly with unwavering dedication to the principles of peace, sustainable development, and human dignity. We recognize that the challenges we face today marked by unprecedented crisis are deeply interconnected. It is only through collective action, innovation and a firm commitment to multilateralism that we can forge a path towards a more just and equitable world. We commend the Secretary-General for convening the recently concluded Summit of the Future, which has provided a unique opportunity to reinvigorate multilateralism, enhance global solidarity and reform our international governance structures. Eswatini fully supports the summit and its outcomes as they resonate with our belief in a fairer and the more inclusive world. (05:30:42) Since the establishment of the United Nations in 1945, there are concerns that it no longer addresses adequately the issues faced by the global community. There is a need to reconsider the operations of the multilateral institutions such as the IMF and the World Bank, and particularly the Security Council. The Kingdom of Eswatini stands by its efforts to call for reforms in the United Nations. In 2005, the Kingdom of Eswatini hosted the African Union meeting that resulted in the Ezulwini Consensus, which articulated Africa's common position on the reform of the United Nations, including the call for greater African representation on the Security Council. While it has taken nearly two decades for this conversation to advance, Eswatini is proud of her early role in championing this course. We urge the global community to implement this long-standing commitment and ensure that all regions and peoples have a voice in shaping our collective future. Mr. President, in Eswatini, we have embraced the spirit of [inaudible 05:32:06] which means run. This national ethos symbolizes our collective resolve to accelerate progress towards achieving the sustainable development goals. It is a call for urgent action for picking up the pace and for ensuring that every effort is made to meet the needs of our people and our planet. With only a few years left until 2030, time is not on our side. We must double our efforts to bridge the gaps in development, combat poverty and inequality and address the climate crisis. [inaudible 05:32:49] is our rallying cry to run faster, to work harder, and to leave no one behind. We invite the global community to join us in this accelerated drive towards a better future for all. (05:33:04) Africa is the youngest continent in the world, brimming with potential and promise. The Kingdom of Eswatini is committed to harnessing this demographic dividend by investing in our youth. Our youth empowerment program supported by government, the United Nations in Eswatini and other friends of the kingdom, aims to equip young people with the skills and resources they need to succeed in a rapidly changing world. We believe that by creating opportunities for employment and entrepreneurship, we are laying the foundation for a more prosperous and inclusive society. Addressing youth unemployment and providing our young people with meaningful opportunities is not just an economic imperative, but a moral one. We must act now to ensure that our youth can participate fully in building the Africa we want, an Africa of peace, prosperity, and dignity. (05:34:10) Poverty remains one of the greatest challenges facing our continent. In Eswatini, we are committed to eradicating poverty through inclusive growth and robust social protection programs. We have prioritized policies that provide safety nets for the most vulnerable in our society, including women, children, and persons with disabilities. We urge the international community to support these efforts by promoting fair trade, increasing development assistance, and fostering partnerships that create jobs and uplift communities. Let us work together to build a world where no one lives in poverty and every person can achieve their full potential. Mr. President, sustainable development is not a choice, but a necessity for the survival and prosperity of our planet. The Kingdom of Eswatini remains dedicated to advancing our development agenda as aligned with the 2030 agenda for sustainable development. We have made significant strides in promoting poverty eradication, renewable energy, the protection of our natural resources, and ensuring equitable access to education and healthcare for [inaudible 05:35:39]. Our national development strategy aligns with global development goals focusing on economic diversification, poverty reduction, and human capital development. We've taken significant steps to promote renewable energy through investments in solar, wind, and hydropower projects, such as the Eswatini Electricity Company's initiative to increase the share of renewable energy in the national grid. These efforts are complemented by our progress in providing access to quality education through the free primary education program and improving healthcare services as outlined in our national health strategic plan. (05:36:27) However, as a small middle-income country, we face unique challenges, including limited access to international financing, vulnerability to climate change and economic shocks. We call on the international community to support the developmental aspirations of countries like Eswatini, ensuring that our path towards sustainable development is not hindered by structural inequalities in the global system. In response to these challenges, Eswatini has put forth a comprehensive SDG recovery and acceleration plan, valued at about $1.6 billion covering diverse areas including digital transformation, renewable energy, agriculture, industrial expansion, and social protection. This plan prioritizes implementation of the development of new frameworks, emphasizing sectors such as job creation, specifically under SDG 8, target 8.5, which focuses on creating jobs across industries as a multiplier for achieving other SDGs. By investing in employment opportunities, we believe we can address multiple dimensions of development, including reducing food insecurity, enhancing access to essential services, and minimizing social ills such as crime and substance abuse. (05:38:07) Mr. President, the implementation of SDGs requires substantial financial resources. However, many developing countries, including those in Africa, face significant barriers to accessing affordable finance. The current global financial architecture is not fit for purpose and must be reformed to make the financing more accessible and equitable. We call for the implementation of the Addis Ababa Action plan, which emphasizes the need for innovative financing mechanisms and global solidarity. We also urge the international community to support the reform of global financial mechanisms that have seen developing countries pay much higher costs than developed nations to access the much needed funds. This unfair practice must come to an end. The Summit of the Future provides a critical opportunity to address these disparities and ensure that all nations have the means to achieve their development goals. (05:39:19) Mr. President, peace is the foundation upon which sustainable development and human dignity rests. The Kingdom of Eswatini, guided by its long-standing tradition of peaceful coexistence, continues to advocate for dialogue and peaceful resolution of conflicts. We condemn all forms of violence and support efforts aimed at silencing the guns across the world, particularly in Africa. We call upon the international community to support the African Union's Agenda 2063 and the African Union Master Road Map for silencing the guns. It is imperative that we are not to leave anyone behind. We must address the root causes of conflict, including poverty, inequality, and lack of opportunity which drive instability and undermine development efforts. (05:40:21) Mr. President, health is a fundamental pillar of sustainable development and its challenges are multi-dimensional, impacting not just individual well-being, but also national productivity and social stability. The Kingdom of Eswatini recognizes that achieving universal health coverage is integral to the broader agenda of leaving no one behind. Despite our efforts to improve healthcare access through initiatives such as the National Health Strategic Plan and investment in health, investment in health infrastructure, Eswatini like many other countries, continues to grapple with significant health challenges. (05:41:08) These include a high burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases, inadequate health financing, and the complexities of delivering equitable healthcare in rural and remote areas. Furthermore, the ongoing threat of pandemics such as COVID-19 and emerging health threats such as the Mpox exacerbated by climate change underscore the need for adequate preparedness and resilient health system. We call upon the international community to support collaborative efforts in strengthening health systems, enhancing disease surveillance, improving access to essential medicines, and building capacity for rapid response to health emergencies. Only through such global solidarity and shared commitment can we ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all ages as enshrined in SDG 3. (05:42:12) Mr. President, climate change poses an existential threat to our future. In Eswatini, we have taken decisive steps to address this crisis. We have developed a comprehensive strategy to mitigate and adapt to the impacts of climate change, investing in renewable energy, sustainable agriculture, and disaster risk reduction. We are also proud to announce that Eswatini has recently adopted a ban on single-use plastics. This decision supported by UNDP and the Eswatini Environment Agency through initiatives like Patsasakonawe is part of our broader commitment to environmental sustainability. However, our efforts alone are not enough. We call upon developed nations to honor their commitment to climate finance and technology transfer. It is only through collective action that we can ensure a sustainable future for all. (05:43:19) The theme of this year's UN General Assembly is leaving no one behind. Acting together for the advancement of peace, sustainable development, and human dignity for present and future generations. Ironically, Taiwan and its 23.5 million people continue to be left by the United Nations and its specialized agencies. We wish to make a call for their inclusion. They need to be part of this global platform so that they can also fully participate in global development and growth of our goals. (05:43:59) Mr. President, the road ahead is fraught with challenges, but it is also filled with hope and opportunity. Let us seize this moment to reaffirm our commitment to the ideals of the United Nations and to the vision of a world where peace, sustainable development, and human dignity are realities for all. The Kingdom of Eswatini stands ready to work with all nations in this noble endeavor. May we all embrace the spirit of [inaudible 05:44:30] and let us run together with accelerated speed towards our shared goals and ensure that no one is left behind. I thank you.

On behalf of the Assembly, I wish to thank the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Eswatini. The Assembly will hear an address by Her Excellency, Robinah Nabbanja, prime minister and leader of government business in Parliament of the Republic of Uganda. I request protocol to escort Her Excellency, invite her to address the Assembly.

Your Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, I bring you warm greetings from His Excellency Yoweri Kaguta Museveni, the president of the Republic of Uganda and the people of Uganda. I congratulate his Excellency, Mr. Philemon Yang on his election as president of the 79th session of the UN General Assembly, and I assure him of Uganda's full support. I commend His Excellency, Mr. Dennis Francis, former president to the General Assembly, for his stewardship of the 78th session of the General Assembly and equally pay tribute to the Secretary-General, His Excellency Antonio Guterres, for his commitment to the work of the United Nations. (05:46:45) Mr. President, in the face of the current global shocks, occasioned by multiple human, natural, ecological, sociological, and financial crises, we can all agree that the world is not in a good place. Today the negative consequences of this unity have given rise to conflicts, global instability, interstate rivalry, and has worsened the already existing problems of poverty, hunger, and disease in many parts of the world. There is therefore need to recommit ourselves to a common identity of shared humanity in the modern global village. (05:47:43) As people of the United Nations, we should live by the charter of the United Nations with a sincere determination to save future generations from this kind of war. We should fully commit ourselves to upholding the dignity and worth of human person for peaceful coexistence and tolerance regardless of our differences in values, characters, race, ideologies, and religions without political, military threats or dominion by war. (05:48:32) Your Excellencies, we must resolve our political commitment for the full implementation of the globally agreed frameworks for the promotion of socioeconomic development and advancement of all people. In this regard, Your Excellency, urgent action is required to address global inequalities with regard to poverty, hunger, and disease which continue to affect disproportionately the poorest and most vulnerable. Therefore, this is the time to ask the following questions. Why have we failed to forge stronger international cooperation in response to collective global challenges? The second question is, why is it that in spite of the multiple global commitments derived through conceptually formulated solutions, decisions and commitments, do all these remain unimplemented? This year's General Assembly, unlike others, should seek to answer these questions. Mr. President, we are

Are all aware that most conflict drivers begin as unresolved local or regional tensions or problems which become increasingly complex, sometimes involving multiple actors. Regional conflicts must be addressed comprehensively beyond security, with the need for broad and strong political commitments by the regional governments. Uganda believes in the peaceful resolution of conflicts wherever they occur. We are at the forefront of promoting regional peace, security and stability necessary for economic development. In this respect, Uganda encourages international partners to support local and regional-ready initiatives all solutions for building peace and stability as prerequisites for sustained and inclusive economic growth and development in our countries and regions. We call on the increased collaboration by the international community to eliminate or reduce the incidence of conflicts caused by factors such as inequality, climate change, pandemics, new technologies, transitional organized crime and terrorism. Uganda believes that the benefits of this world must be shared with all humanity and detests all forms of exclusion by the relatively few wealthy nations. (05:51:50) We reject the increasing competition and confrontation between major powers, which undermines the collective international responses to security, peace, stability and social economic development. Your Excellencies, Uganda reiterates its call for the urgent and comprehensive reform of the UN Security Council for Africa to be represented in both permanent and non-permanent categories as a special case in order to address the historical injustice and the urgent imperative to address it and fully supports the common African position on this matter. The African Union Committee of 10 heads of state under the leadership of the Republic of Sierra Leone has been pursuing the mandate to promote, advocate and converse for support of the common African position on the reform of the United Nations Security Council as stipulated in the Ezulwini Consensus and the city and Sirte Declaration. The position is that Africa should have two permanent seats with a veto if others have it, and two additional non-permanent seats on the security cards. (05:53:26) The committee of 10, since 2005, has been driven with the hope and conviction of sovereign equality in representation and participation in intergovernmental negotiations for the reform of the UN Security Council to make it more responsive to the current circumstances to achieve future of shared goals for humanity. The core aspiration is for Africa to get representation in United Nations Security Council as equal partners and make a contribution to material systems that should become inclusive, equitable, and work for international peace and security of all without paralysis or succumbing to parochial interests of major powers. (05:54:32) Mr. President, we demand for the right to development as equal members of the international community without any preconditions and politicization for greater human dignity, freedom and social economic injustice. We call for fair access to means of production, technology and capital for the social economic transformation of our economies, in line with our national legal frameworks and development plans, Uganda believes that the perpetual preservation of poverty and inequalities in developing countries undermines the mental human rights, in particular the rights of the marginalized and the poor and remains a threat to international peace and security, which should no longer be overlooked. (05:55:39) Uganda's chair of Non-Aligned Movement will work with countries of the Non-Aligned Movement as well as other countries on intergovernmental processes that shall lead to the adoption of the UN covenant on the right to development. Mr. President, financing remains one of the greatest challenges that undermine the efforts of developing countries to fully implement the 2030 agenda for sustainable development and achievement of its 17 sustainable goals. Borrowing is critical for financing investments in sustainable development. Sovereign debt is an important tool for financing sustainable development, enabling low-income countries to invest in infrastructure, health, education and other critical areas. (05:56:42) We emphasize that loans to low-income developing countries should be concessional and at zero interest rate. This will enable our country to finance productive investments including building infrastructure to improve connectivity, make a debt sustainable in the long run and spur economic growth, which will in turn help to improve domestic tax correction and raise revenues. Uganda, like other developing countries, faces constraints of domestic resource mobilization due to limited tax base. We call for strengthening of the international cooperation in tax matters to ensure that it is effective and inclusive by making multinational corporations pay taxes in countries of their operations, including collecting revenue generated by e-commerce in cross-border transactions. Mr. President, we fully support the ongoing discussions on adoption of the UN Framework Convention on international tax corporation, and call upon all countries to negotiate constructively. We also call for the strengthening of international cooperation in the prevention of, and combating illicit financial flows with a view of ensuring that all illicit funds, all resources, including assets are returned to their countries of origin. (05:58:33) Furthermore, Uganda calls for the urgent reform of the international financial architecture, including the international financial institutions and their rules to ensure equitable representation of developing countries in international economic governance decision-making that affect the trajectory of their national development. Your Excellencies, Uganda identified four key sectors of wealth and job creation in line with its national development plan and that includes agro-processing, industrialization, services, information and communication technologies, digitalization and skills development to support our social economic transformation. There is no doubt that affordable energy and access to affordable high quality internet connectivity is vital to catalyze their full implementation, in order to realize inclusive development outcomes and benefits for our people, we need to strengthen deeper collaboration with the global south, with the support of our partners in the north to unlock shared prosperity by building the necessary infrastructure and connectivity to increase productive capacity for rapid growth, economic takeoff, and sustainable development. (06:00:16) In this regard, Uganda calls on the international community to support the full implementation of the African continental free trade area. Furthermore, Uganda calls on the international community to support its path to sustainable development. We encourage foreign individuals and companies to invest in the country. We welcome inflows of money, technology, knowledge, skills and expertise as major sources of non-debt financial resources for economic development of our country. Your Excellencies, Uganda also calls for collaboration by the international community in medical research for global health to develop vaccines and treatments to combat diseases like Ebola, COVID-19, monkeypox, and improving health care capability in low income countries, particularly in Africa. Uganda advocates for mutually beneficial trade and investment. We encourage that in pursuing sustainable development, foreign direct investment should be geared to adding value by processing raw materials inside our country where raw materials are produced and export high-value products. This will create jobs, generate high incomes and increase taxable revenues. We call on multinational companies to disease it from purchasing raw materials and only selling processed products for consumption in developing countries. We equally call on developed economies and multinational companies that buy raw materials to process them and add value in their countries should take measures to institute policies that allow sharing the profits they generate in the value chain with the low income raw material producing countries where it is sourced for said prosperity. (06:02:59) Mr. President, climate change remains one of the greatest challenges to the pursuit of sustainable development. Uganda calls on developed countries to provide the necessary financial technical as well as capacity building to support developing countries to effectively address climate change. We demand for climate justice, recognizing that richer countries having historically profited from high emission activities for the development of the economies and bear a great obligation to lead in mitigating these impacts, therefore, high income countries should reduce their emissions and equally support developing countries in their gradual transition to low emission development pathways without using the environment as a political and economic tool to block or slow down their development. We emphasize that climate finance should be additional to official development assistance. Mr. President, developing countries face great challenges including the increase in unilateral political, economic and trade actions or policies and the weakening of multilateralism, which are frequent violations of the principles established in the UN Charter, international law and the purposes of United Nations. (06:04:48) We consider that it is urgent to stop these actions that threaten the economic and social development of the countries that are subject to them and consequently prevent them from achieving the sustainable development goals. Uganda reiterates its goal to put to an end, to the economic, commercial and financial blockade imposed on these sisterly nations under sanctions, which is a major impediment to the sustainable development. Uganda also reiterates its farm rejection to the imposition of laws and regulations with extraterritorial impact and all other forms of cohesive measures including unilateral sanctions against developing countries and reiterates the urgent need to eliminate them immediately. Mr. President, Your Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, Uganda took over the chairmanship of both the group of 77 and China and the Non-Aligned Movement in January 2024. I take this opportunity on behalf of His Excellency, President Yoweri Kaguta Museveni, the president of the Republic of Uganda to thank all member states of the group and the movement for their confidence in ensuring Uganda is in the capacity of chair. (06:06:27) We commend the Africa Group for endorsing our candidature for the chairmanship of both organizations. This year, I mean this year, 2024, has been a crucial year with various intergovernmental processes at the United Nations on issues that are of paramount importance to both the group and the movement. This include the [inaudible 06:07:02], First International Conference on the small islands developing states, the third UN conference on the Landlocked developing countries, the Summit of the Future, the preparations for the fourth international conference on financing for development, the 2024 UN Climate Change Conference, I mean COP 29, all of which demand that we remain even more united and steadfast in promoting the interests of developing countries. (06:07:39) Uganda therefore commends the members of both groups for keeping united in solidarity as we pursue the issues of our common interests. In conclusion, Mr. President, Uganda will continue with this stewardship working together in solidarity to achieve a revitalized multilateral system which is capable of adequately addressing current and emerging global challenges. We firmly believe that multilateralism remains a fundamental and crucial mechanism for addressing our common challenges, namely, one, accelerating the implementation of the 2030 agenda for sustainable development. Two, scaling up action to address climate change and biodiversity loss. Three, strengthening international tax cooperation. Four, evading adequate concessional financing for development. Number five, the fight against illicit financial flows and enhancing global collaboration in digital and artificial technologies to maximize the benefit to society and minimize harm among others. I thank you for God and my country.

On behalf of the Assembly, I wish to thank the prime minister and leader of government business in Parliament of the Republic of Uganda. We have heard the last speaker in the general debate for this meeting. The 14th plenary meeting to continue with the general debate will be held immediately following the adjournment of this meeting. The meeting is adjourned. (06:09:48) The 14th plenary meeting of the general Assembly is called to order. The Assembly will continue its consideration of agenda item eight entitled general debate. The Assembly will hear and address, by His Excellency, Gaston Alfonso Browne, prime minister and minister for finance, corporate governance and public-private partnerships of Antigua and Barbuda. I request protocol to escort His Excellency and invite him to address the Assembly.

Excellencies, distinguished ladies and gentlemen, today we all stand at the edge of a precipice. Never before has humanity been confronted with such stark choices to end wars or condemn humanity to endless suffering, to eliminate poverty or watch millions starve, to act on climate change or doom future generations to a scorched planet. The choices we make today here in this assembly and in every institution of governance will shape the survival of entire nations and the future of our world. For small states like Antigua and Barbuda, these are not distant realities, they are existential threats. Our islands are on the front lines of a climate catastrophe that we did not cause, a dead crisis we did not create and conflicts in which we have no part, and yet we suffer the heaviest toll. The world is at a pivotal point and inaction is no longer an option for any of us. (06:12:05) Small island developing state, SIDS, are the first to suffer, but we certainly will not be the last. All will be consumed if we continue to dither and delay. SIDS have learned to fight for survival against the rising seas and violent storms, but today we must also fight for something greater, the survival of justice, of equity, peace and human dignity itself. The time for games and lofty rhetoric has passed. We demand committed concrete action and we demand it now. We do not do so only for ourselves, but for all of humanity. The fourth United Nations conference in small island developing states, SIDS4 is a pinnacle of monumental achievement, a milestone that marks not only our collective progress as SIDS, but also our unrelenting resolve. SIDS4 gave birth to the Antigua and Barbuda agenda for SIDS, the ABAS, a renewed declaration for resilient prosperity. (06:13:18) This agenda is not just a roadmap for the future, it is a lifeline for now. For SIDS, the ABAS represents the difference between thriving and perishing. It's our roadmap to a prosperous future. At its core, is the SIDS Center of Excellence built by SIDS for SIDS. This center is intended to be more than just an institution, it is an instrument for meaningful change, a center for groundbreaking technologies, revolutionary processes and certainly pioneering solutions. With its global data hub, innovation and technology mechanism, as well as the Ireland investment forum and debt sustainability support service, the DSSS, the center of excellence can be literally transformed the way in which we adapt to our vulnerabilities and set a path for resilient prosperity. However, this vision cannot succeed in isolation, we need the cooperation and support of the global community to ensure its success. Without global cooperation, our hope of a secure future within our countries will crumble onto the weight of inaction. (06:14:43) That is why today I call for unwavering commitment of the international community to the center's success. Our survival depends on it. Mr. President, climate change is not an abstract or academic threat. For my people and the people of SIDS, it is a persistent and destructive reality. Intense hurricanes are now an annual terror. Coastal erosion is wiping away our productive areas for tourism and agriculture. The climate crisis is not on the horizon, it is here now burning through our ecosystems, flooding our villages and leaving us with fewer tomorrows, and yet we find ourselves at an absurd situation. Continue to subsidize the very industries that are accelerating our destruction. Fossil fuel companies have become the architects of our demise while generating ostentatious profits for the owners. We must fight to end this madness, and I emphasize that we must fight to end this madness in protection of our planet and the interests of humanity. (06:16:01) We need a fossil fuel nonproliferation treaty to halt the reckless destruction of our environment, to end fossil fuel subsidies and to chart a course toward a sustainable future with a negotiated and graduated transition. Let COP 29 be the moment we draw a line in the sand. Let it be known that we can no longer afford the luxury of delay. While we recognize that fossil fuels still play a vital role in the energy security of many countries and we do not expect their production to cease overnight, we should not support companies extracting oil and gas to continue generating extravagant profits at the expense of our planet. It is only fair and just that these companies pay a global levy to fund mitigation efforts and compensation for the damage that they continue to inflict. This is not punishment, it's climate justice, it is a moral and legal responsibility in which the polluter pays, and it is also very appropriate that the time for action is now. (06:17:14) While we face the climate emergency, we are also drowning in a sea of plastic pollution that is choking our oceans and devastating our biodiversity. It is no longer a question if we act, but how swiftly we can mobilize against this threat. Our nations must commit to a binding treaty as required by the UNEA resolution 5.14 to put an end to plastic pollution and safeguard our world's most fragile ecosystems. Let us not allow this tightening suffocation of our planet to continue. Distinguished delegates, Antigua and Barbuda in concert with other small island-developing states has played a leading role in pursuit of climate justice, and I said to all of us that we cannot relent on the issue of climate justice. At COP 26 in 2021, together with Tuvalu, we established the Commission of Small Island States on Climate Change and International Law, COSIS. (06:18:18) Today, an expanded membership from the Caribbean and the Pacific stands united in our demand for accountability. In 2022, the commission sought the first- ever advisory opinion from the international Tribunal for the law of the sea and obligations of states to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. In May of this year, the Tribunal rendered a historic opinion affirming that major polluters are on the legally binding obligation to protect the oceans, and by extension, small island states from the catastrophic harm of climate change. This precedent sets the stage for the advisory proceedings now before the International Code of Justice initiated onto the leadership of Vanuatu with the co-sponsorship of Antigua and Barbuda and other SIDS. It is remarkable that the smallest nations are those driving this global response to the greatest threat to human survival, yet despite our efforts, the COP process continues to fail us. Instead of limited global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius, an essential threshold for survival, the world is hurdling towards a disastrous 2.8 degrees centigrade rise. (06:19:43) This is nothing less than a death sentence for small island states, but it is also a harbinger for grief for the rest of the planet. We must demand that major polluters not only respect the obligations on international law, but also compensate us for the loss and damages that we have suffered. Those who preach about a rule-based international order must now lead by example. Rules must apply equally to all, including the mighty, not just to the poor and powerless. At COP 29, we expect no further delay in the capitalization and operationalization of the loss and damage fund for which we have struggled so long and certainly so hard. Equity and fairness demand it. Mr. President, the fight for survival is not just about climate, it's about financial justice, reparatory justice and other injustices and equity. (06:20:49) International financial system is skewed, outdated and unjust, literally punishing the most vulnerable while rewarding their already rich and prosperous with favorable terms for their financial instruments. For too long, small states like mine have been shackled by debt we did not cause, debt that arose from recovery spending on recurring disasters that are beyond our control. We cannot achieve climate justice without addressing the structural inequities in international financial architecture. It is time to lift the burdens that keep us bound to the past and unable to invest in our future. The SIDS Debt Sustainability Support Service is a critical mechanism that can provide tailored solutions utilizing debt for climate swaps, debt relief, repurposing of SDRs and carbon pricing funding to help us escape the cycle of unsustainable debt. This is not charity, it is the justice of financial inclusion. In the end, by remedying past injustices, it'll establish a world that is fairer, more just and more at peace with itself. (06:22:04) Excellencies, the adoption of the Multidimensional Vulnerability Index, the MVI, which Antigua and Barbuda was honored to help advance in this organization offers a path towards correcting the imbalance of unjust treatment accorded to small and vulnerable nations. It is a vital tool designed to acknowledge the complexities we face, not just in terms of limited economic capacity and other structural vulnerabilities and a lack of resilience, but also in our exposure to myriad external shocks. International financial institutions must act on this, integrating the MVI into their policies to ensure that support is targeted where it is most needed. The work has been done, the case has been made, the arguments are irrefutable. There can be no just and sustaining reform of the World Bank, other IFIs and multilateral banks without their effective implementation and use of the MVI. (06:23:08) There can be no legitimate excuse for failing to utilize the MVI. As I said before, the arguments for its use are irrefutable and just. Mr. President, these initiatives with SIDS [inaudible 06:23:24] are a small component of the wider and more fundamental necessity for reform of the international financial architecture to provide greater funding accessibility, embedded terms to include lower interest rates and longer maturity transformations. (06:23:40) They're part of the widened need for change to effectively address the historic imbalances against SIDS, including financial exclusion. The international financial institutions and the nations that sit on their controlling boards must develop bespoke funding instruments that meet the needs of small vulnerable states and other developing countries taken into consideration their vulnerabilities and lack of resilience. Mr. President, we must also recognize that the principles of justice and equity we champion here apply equally to all nations and are conditions precedent for a peaceful world. Antigua and Barbuda calls for the end of this designation of Cuba as a state's sponsor of terrorism and to the lifting of the long-standing senseless embargo that has restricted its economic development. The time has come to cast off the chains of this outdated measure which no longer serves the interests of our modern, interconnected world. Let us work together toward a future built in mutual respect and cooperation where Cuba like all nations, can fully participate in the global community. This is not a matter of politics, it's a matter

... matter of fairness and human dignity. The delegitimisation of governments based on ideological differences, utilizing misinformation and disinformation, including atrocity propaganda, serves no useful purpose but creates unnecessary tensions and conflicts. Let's embrace and respect our differences, standing in solidarity with each other in defense of global peace and prosperity. Excellencies, I wish now to address the grave issue of small arms and light weapons that are routinely exported from wealthy nations store shores creating havoc and instability. I call in the United States and other small arms and light weapons producing countries to put systems in place to curb the exploitation of these lethal weapons store shores. They're causing immense harm. This issue is now emerging as a public health epidemic amongst SIDS to the extent that I hereby make a clarion call for a high-level meeting at the 80th UNGA to debate the threats of these weapons to peace and security and to devise effective solutions. (06:26:18) Antigua and Barbuda cannot remain silent as innocent lives are destroyed and generations are condemned to fear and hatred. The events unfolding in the Middle East, particularly the conflict between Israel Hamas and Hezbollah are deeply troubling. The violence is destabilizing the entire region and reverberating across the world. Every missile fired, every life loss deepens wounds already too many to bear. The violations of international humanitarian law are alarming. We call in all parties to end the suffering by sitting down at the table of peace where sincere negotiations can lead to a lasting solution. We believe that the only sustainable resolution is a creation of two sovereign states with borders respected and rights upheld. It is time for the people of this region and all conflict zones to end these conflicts and to give peace a chance. Let us give peace a chance. (06:27:28) From Gaza to Sudan, Ukraine to Yemen, the scars of conflict run deep, leaving devastation in the awake. The anguish of families torn apart by war reverberates across the globe and it is our collective humanity that bleeds. Conflict kills the victims of bullets and bombs, but it also diminishes all mankind. On September 17th, inspired by the Secretary-General's impassioned call for peace, I wrote to him proposing an initiative that transcends borders, language, and conflict. With that letter, I transmitted a concept note setting out a proposal for holding international music concerts for peace across every region of the world. This initiative is intended not only to raise our global voices in a unified chorus against the horrors of war and other conflicts, but also to raise critical funds to support displaced persons and those who continue to suffer. Music is a universal language. It speaks to the soul in ways that words cannot. In moments when words fall short, music carries a collective cries of peace and justice. This would be more than a performance, it would be a global appeal, a powerful demonstration that peace is not just an ideal, it is an absolute necessity, a survival imperative for this and future generations. I call in all nations, large and small, to support the concept of international music concerts for peace. Mr. President, the world is crumbling under the weight of crises to include poverty, wars, pandemic and the climate devastation. We are at a defining moment and the choices we make now will determine the fate of every nation, large and small. We can end these grave challenges but it requires more than words. It demands decisive, concrete, unified action. Antigua and Barbuda, like all small states, does not stand on the sidelines. (06:29:43) We stand on the principles of peace and love for common humanity and in the path of struggle against these global predicaments we did not create, yet we fight not just for ourselves but for a world where justice reigns. Where peace and endures and where future generations inherit not a planet in peril, but one that prospers. The world must act now for the choices we make today will resonate through history. Let us choose peace, let us choose justice and let us choose the survival of our one human race in our one homeland, the planet earth. Peace.

On behalf of the Assembly, I wish to thank the Prime Minister and Minister for Finance, Corporate Governance and Public Private Partnership of Antigua and Barbuda. The Assembly will hear an address by His Excellency, Edi Rama, Prime Minister of the Republic of Albania. I request protocol to escort His Excellency and invite him to address the Assembly.

Thank you. As we meet today, we confront yet another year of complex crisis and conflict as a deeply divided world watches. Our prospects for more peaceful, just, and equitable world are blurred today. Our times are challenging. A few days ago we committed to the pact of the future, a sound framework With a high level of ambition and actionable deliverables. We have made other similar major commitments in the past. We have not always kept them to put it very mildly. We have paid the price. This is yet another chance, one we take under pressure to make a difference for a more peaceful and prosperous future while the time we live in could not be grimmer. Albania humbly joins this discussion after the conclusion of its mission for the first time at the UN Security Council. We aim to represent this community of countries that stand together for those values and principles that are non-negotiable and we sincerely hope to have met the expectations of many. (06:32:48) Today, more than ever, we need tolerance and trust and an extended hand of friendship to each other. Make no mistake by tolerance, I do not mean complacency. Tolerance demands that we go beyond our comfort zones and not merely tolerate, but tolerate respectfully, actively and graciously by not simply accepting others' views but constantly engaging with the complexity of all our own histories. Tolerance for us Albanians is not merely the passive acknowledgement and grudging acceptance of someone's diversity, that form of tolerance, the tolerance that Muslims and Christian Albanians expressed during World War II towards the Jews by putting their lives on the line against evil and making Albania the only country in Europe to end the war with more Jews than it heads when the war began requires its own partisan spirit. It requires engaging with the one who is different from us, accommodating disagreements with respect and continuing to build bridges so that we can continue to debate and foster further understanding and peace by putting ourselves in the others' shoes. (06:34:35) But it also requires that we continue to challenge ourselves by reflecting on the possibility of our own biases and prejudices by reflecting on the arbitrariness and unilaterally that we attribute to others and by constantly interrogating our own double moral standards. It is with a trust in humanity and humanism that Albania became a safe heaven for the people who escaped death after the fall of Kabul under the Taliban who were welcomed and accepted by my country, while bigger and richer EU member states of NATO turned the back to them. In the same spirit we gave shelter to several thousand Iranian refugees whose lives were in daily danger in Camp Liberty in Iraq where they were raided and killed by Tehran assassins. We paid a dear price for being their hosts. The Tehran totalitarian regime engaged in a large-scale cyber attack against Albania, which aimed to bring the country to its knees by wiping out all our digital infrastructure of public services. (06:35:55) They were very brutal, but they failed miserably. We didn't waver and will not waver in our commitment to shelter those people in our country for as long as it takes. Our hospitality was not and is not at all related to any political stance against Iran, but only to humanitarian belief engraved in our spirit as a nation. We recently extended a hand of help to our neighbor and special friend Italy in an effort to ease the difficulties that geography has burdened on them with one of the most pressuring phenomena of our times, immigration. Meanwhile, instead of just talking, we try to act without pretending to solve the huge immigration problem in Europe, but on the other hand, without just sitting around and by trying to build and add something constructive, we just did our part. This attitude of solidarity cooperation and good neighborly relations is a linchpin of our policy in our region, the Western Balkans. (06:37:10) In our region, after more than a quarter of a century, the deep wounds left by the violent disintegration of the former Yugoslavia still need to be healed, but we have also seen the construction of peace reflected above all by the vision, unparalleled wisdom and courage that led to the creation of the European Union. All of us in the Western Balkans have tried for over decade to come together and meet and talk about the challenges and plans for our common future. It is Albania's firm belief that we need to look at the past with the eyes of the future and not look at the future with the eyes of the past. Today, the peoples of the Balkans have a moment of historical opportunity in a context of historical danger in the wider Europe where the Russian aggression against Ukraine should serve us all as a permanently ringing bell. (06:38:22) I would say that Western Balkans is in a much better position today than ever before, but we must work tirelessly and patiently among ourselves in the region and above all with our allies and partners to make sure that the return to the past is not just impossible, but simply unimaginable. In this context, our brotherly Republic of Kosovo is an irreversible reality as a state among the six countries of the Western Balkans with a clear European perspective and an undisputed allegiance to the large democratic community of nations. Any artificially drawn parallels between Kosovo and the occupied areas of Ukraine are meant to distract and to confuse whomever possible under this roof and the whole international public opinion, but they can never achieve to dilute the truth, which is Kosovo is now an intrinsic part of the international reality, an inspiring member of the Euro-Atlantic community and must not be held hostage by anyone with false pretensions and excuses. (06:39:46) Starting with a group of five EU members that still do not recognize Kosovo's rightful place in every international forum and organization. In the third year of the improvoked and unjustified war of aggression of Russia against Ukraine, we feel compelled to renew our call for Russia to stop this war. This war that neither Ukraine nor our community of like-minded nations choose, a catastrophe conceived by the decision of one country and indeed one delusional dreamer of an old imperial past. Rewarding an aggressor who annexes the territories of a sovereign country by disarming the victim of the aggression does not bring peace but paves the way for more war. (06:40:47) All those who seek peace by stopping Ukraine instead of stopping the neo-imperialist Russia's aggression are wrong and they should be aware of a very simple truth. A peace that defeats Ukraine would bring only further aggression and will turn our world into one ruled by might, not by right? Yes, we seek peace too and we want peace to be made between Ukraine and Russia as soon as possible, and of course, we'll support any peace attempt and format that would include Russia around the table, but we seek a just peace, based on the charter of this United Nations international law and the resolutions of this General Assembly of the United Nations, a peace that cannot undermine Ukraine and its rights. (06:41:51) Earlier this year in Tirana our capital, we hosted the second summit between Ukraine and Southeast Europe and welcomed President Zelensky, a true and brave leader of resistance, which is not simply a resistance to a brutal aggression against their homeland, but at the same time a resistance for the very existence of democracy and the just ruled based Europe and world. Albania will continue to stand by Ukraine and support it for as long as necessary and as long as the lasting just peace is achieved. There is another war waging in Europe's Southeast too. Albania stands firm in its position that there is no place for Hamas and its likes in the world we want to live, in a fully recognized right of the Palestinian people to have their own safe place in this world and their right to give birth and raise their children in their own state. (06:43:08) Guaranteeing such a basic condition for millions of Palestinians is much easier said than done, just as it is much easier said than done for the Jewish people to live in their land without anyone around questions their right to exist. We need to restore our moral compass in the Middle East, yes, of course, but there is no moral compass that can relativize and God forbid, normalize terror and the terrorist organization like Hamas as a part of the peace we all want between Israel and Palestine. Doing so would be like relativizing the scourge of anti-Semitism and accepting to coexist with a new vicious form of Nazism, which is the worst thing that could have happened for so many years to first and foremost the Palestinian people themselves. Nevertheless, it is not too difficult to state loudly and strongly that so much violence and destruction cannot be the long-term solution for both Israel and Palestine and should stop. (06:44:29) We reaffirm here our national support for a just and comprehensive resolution of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict based on the two-state solution. Albania supports the international community efforts related to this conflict through dialogue and negotiations leading to a true independent state solution, living in peace and good neighborliness. A functional State of Palestine and the secure State of Israel, which instead of being lectured from far away should be supported with no, yes, buts in its fight against terror, while still more than a hundred innocent people are being kept hostage in hellish holes under the face of the earth by the butchers of the last year, October the 7th. The rule of law stands at the heart of one of the sustainable development goals of a 2030 agenda, a goal which plays a role of the enabler and accelerator of all other sustainable development goals. Its importance stands on the promise of achieving more inclusive, just and peaceful societies. (06:45:45) Without strong institutions, access to justice and respect for human rights, progress on other goals such as ending poverty, ensuring food security, promoting health, and well-being including fighting climate change will be limited. Albania is living proof of the radical transformation of good governance practices and mindset. Our public services are now 95% paperless and the digitalization of access and services has curbed corruption, informality and mistrust in institution. With its unprecedented justice reform, Albania has invested tremendously over the last few years in achieving SDG 16 as a crucial tool for achieving a sustainable future for social progress, economic prosperity, environmental sustainability and justice. But for a developing country, the struggle for just and fair institutions and good governance is not one that can be won within a year through some reforms or even during a single decade. On the contrary, it is a perpetual effort to transform domestically over making to the most effective practices of providing access to citizens at all levels and instances of government. (06:47:13) We're committed to playing our part and collaborating with international community to ensure the successful realization of our Albania 2030 vision, building upon the ongoing work during our previous mandate. As a non-permanent member of a security council, we'll continue to work with like-minded countries to improve the governance and institutional efficiency for the UN, as well as multilateralism and respect for human rights. As a member of the Human Rights Council, Albania is committed to the universal principles of human rights and dignity in a world where every human being can realize their full potential and live with dignity and respect. A very dear daughter of the Albanians Saint Mother Teresa once said, "I alone cannot change the world, but I can cast a stone across the waters to create many rivals." No better saying can mirror today's needs to work together on what is clearly the substance of multilateralism. Thank you very much.

On behalf of the Assembly, I wish to thank the Prime Minister of the Republic of Albania. The Assembly will hear an address by Her Excellency, Fiame Naomi Mata'afa, Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade of the Independent State of Samoa. I request protocol to escort her excellency and invite her to address the assembly.

Madam President, Excellencies Tara Falawa and good afternoon. I would like to extend my congratulations to His Excellency Mr. Philemon Yang of the Cameroon on the assumption of the presidency of the 79th session of the General Assembly. The theme of your presidency is one which resonates with us as we strive to navigate a path towards a more peaceful, sustainable, and resilient future for our people and the planet. Please be assured of Samoa's support and the successful execution of your mandate. The effects of climate change are being lived in real time. We're not even at the end of 2024, yet we've witnessed countries in all corners of the globe endure extreme weather events, from ferocious wildfires to devastating floods and scorching heatwaves. (06:50:37) In July this year, we saw the earliest Category 5 hurricane barrel hit the Caribbean with such ferocity causing devastation, and even in parts of Mexico, Venezuela and the USA, our collective efforts must not end at national borders. In our most difficult times, it is easy to abandon the collective to safeguard the individual, but history reminds us of the folly of that approach. Climate change remains one of the gravest concerns for all countries, especially since. Its impacts are more extensively felt due to our special circumstances and the lack of capacity to respond quickly and effectively. Unless substantial investments are made to mitigate climate change, boost adaptation, and build more resilient economies, we face urgent climate and financial risks. (06:52:04) Climate change also has significant security implications for our food, water, and energy supplies, competition over natural resources, loss of livelihoods, climate-related disasters, and potentially forced migration. We must do more to turn the tide to honor our commitments and obligations and to take urgent and ambitious climate action now. Our expectations for the upcoming COP 29 in Azerbaijan include securing an agreement on NCQG that is truly fit for purpose. It is time to review the outcomes of the first global stocktake to ensure that new NDCs due in 2025 are as ambitious as possible. Excellencies, we must keep global temperatures below 1.5 degrees celsius. This is a red line for many sits like my country Samoa. In this era of unprecedented sea level rise, international law must evolve to meet the climate crisis and the disproportionate effect it has on sits. Earlier this week, AOSIS leaders adopted a declaration of sea level rise and statehood. The declaration provides affirmation that international law is based on the fundamental principle of the continuity of states. Our statehood and sovereignty cannot be challenged. No matter the physical changes wrought by the climate crisis, we will remain sovereign states unless we choose otherwise. As part of the Blue Pacific continent, Samoa is committed to ensuring that our ocean spaces, resources, and ecosystems remain healthy for current and future generations. We have witnessed many demands on our marine resources from a variety of sectors. Cognizant of the threats that such demands and pressures placed on these critical resources. We launched the Samoa Ocean Strategy in 2020. Our national policy framework that seeks to sustainably manage Samoa's vast ocean and marine resources. The strategy provides bold and comprehensive integrated ocean management solutions to advance ocean stewardship and ensure that cultural and economic values that Samoans derive from the ocean continue to be available to all generations. (06:55:46) Stewardship of the ocean extends beyond our national boundaries. In this regard, Samoa is working towards ratification of the BBNJ agreement while continuing to engage regionally and internationally on advocacy of ocean health and sustainability of our marine ecosystems, including fisheries resources. We call on our partners to continue working with us to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, which deprives us of resource benefits and undermines our management efforts. We continue to engage in the work of the IMC for an internationally legally binding instrument on plastic pollution. For Samoa, the need to address the global plastic pollution problem, especially in the marine environment, is a priority. (06:57:04) Your Excellencies, we need to protect our biodiversity, both terrestrial and marine. Healthy biological diversity maintains the web of life that we rely on, such as food, water, medicine, economic growth, and sustainable livelihoods. The protection of our mangroves and reef systems increase the resilience to climate change-driven erosion and flooding, supporting healthy ecosystems, and the sustainable well-being of coastal communities. Our experience with COVID pandemic has taught us to be better prepared for global pandemics. Non-communicable diseases are a priority concern and accounts for much of the burden of diseases in Samoa. Chronic NCDs are overtaking communicable diseases as the dominant health problem and are the leading causes of mortality, morbidity, and disability. At the national level, NCDs account for almost half of the deaths and premature deaths at that in Samoa. (06:58:44) Excellencies, food security is a priority that requires the transformation of our food systems. We must return to locally produced quality fresh foods with less reliance on processed imported foods. As important is the need to address the balance of issues of access, affordability, and convenience against quality and well-being. In last May, we met in Antigua and Barbuda for the fourth SIDS conference where we adopted the ABAS, a ten-year action plan for our sustainable development. SIDS are in the crossfire of multiple crises, climate change, the economic and social repercussions of COVID, which many of us still haven't fully recovered from. We face a unique set

... set of vulnerabilities which impede our ability to achieve sustainable development. Most SIDS like Samoa face high indebtedness, compounded every time there is a natural disaster. These disasters will only increase and intensify as long as climate change remains unaddressed. The work of the Systematic Observations Financing Facility and the Risk-Informed Early Action Partnership in this space is much appreciated and fully supported by SIDS. Samoa looks forward to the timely and effective implementation of the MVI by international financial institutions and our development partners as a tool to assist SIDS in accessing finance. I am determined in this call not only as prime minister of my country, but as chair of AOSIS. (07:01:22) In July this year, Samoa presented its third voluntary National Review report to the High-Level Political Forum. Its focus is on the continued commitment of the government to the implementation of the 2030 agenda for sustainable development at a pace commensurate with our prioritization, resource availability and active engagement of our communities. We continue to place emphasis on achieving the SDGs through a balancing of the strengths of our culture and society, transformative reforms, effective resource mobilization and the careful management of our natural environment. (07:02:21) Your Excellencies, the Global Digital Compact has been a focus of this year's Summit of the Future, aimed at establishing a comprehensive framework for the governance of digital technologies and the internet. We request that support for SIDS include capacity-building, technical assistance and strengthening digital infrastructure through cybersecurity measures and educational initiatives for public and private enterprises. The successful implementation of the Digital Compact will require a coordinated and multifaceted approach with the assistance of UN entities and development partners in applying the principles to our national context as well as to the regional and global levels. (07:03:34) Samoa remains a peaceful country committed to justice and the protection of human rights. We are concerned that the wars in Ukraine and the conflict in Gaza and surrounding areas are still ongoing with no resolution in sight. The terrible loss of civilian lives, displacement of people, as well as the destruction of infrastructure and the environment is something we do not condone. The provision of arms to these conflicts needs to cease. Arms and weapons only fuel more death and destruction. The UN can play a greater role in finding a path towards peace, and we are committed to the collective responsibility of our global community to achieve this through international cooperation and diplomacy. 2025, being the 80th year of the UN anniversary, presents an opportunity all of us to seriously consider the reforms of the Security Council. We must consider the expansion of both the permanent and non-permanent seats of the Security Council to enhance the representation of the underrepresented and the unrepresented regions. (07:05:35) Your Excellencies, the more things change, the more we cannot afford to stay the same. The tools of a foregone era can no longer ensure our future. The complexity of the challenges that beset us requires a greater understanding of the challenges themselves, as well as those being challenged. Samoa remains committed to the United Nations and our conviction that it remains the foremost forum to address all international issues. [foreign language 07:06:21], and thank you.

On behalf of the Assembly, I wish to thank the Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade of the Independent State of Samoa. The Assembly will hear an address by His Excellency, Sonexay Siphandone, Prime Minister of the Lao People's Democratic Republic. I request protocol to escort His Excellency and invite him to address the Assembly.

Madam President, at the outset, I would like to express my sincere congratulations to you, Excellency Philemon Yang, on your election as the president of the 79th session of the United Nations General Assembly. I have full confidence that with your extensive diplomatic experience and wisdom, you shall successfully lead this August assembly under the theme of leaving no one behind, acting together for the advancement of peace, sustainable development and human dignity for present and future generations, which is of most importance and relevance to the current global situation. In the same vein, I would like to commend His Excellency Dennis Francis for successful conduct of his tenure as the president of the General Assembly. (07:08:17) Madam President, today, the international community is facing multifaceted challenges taking place across various regions such as geopolitical tensions, armed conflicts, economic and financial crisis, even more frequent and devastating natural disasters resulting from climate change, rising poverty and wide spreading of social unrest worldwide, among others. These remain real threats to international peace, stability and security and obstacles to national development efforts of member states, as well as the implementation of the sustainable development goals, leaving many countries that have yet to fully recover from the impacts of COVID-19 with exacerbated economic and financial difficulties. (07:09:25) Against this backdrop, I have witnessed that the member states have strived to enhance cooperation both through the multilateral frameworks and regional mechanisms to jointly address the pressing issues aiming at creating an environment conducive for maintenance of peace, which is the most fundamental condition for sustainable development. However, these challenges that we are facing are much more fragile and could lead to more dire consequences and potentially reshape the current and future international peace and security landscape, especially the geopolitical tensions that are becoming more confrontational and widening division, all of which require immediate attention, including the prolongated conflicts in Gaza, Ukraine and many countries in Africa. (07:10:39) The Lao PDR is deeply concerned with the ongoing armed conflict that is gravitating towards spilling over in the entire Middle East region, which would consequence in even more humanitarian crisis for innocent civilians. Therefore, we maintain our consistent support to all international efforts aimed at achieving a permanent ceasefire and cessations of all violence in Gaza and the adjacent areas as the fundamental condition for safe and unhindered humanitarian access for the people as well as rapid peace agreement negotiation. The Lao PDR reiterates its support for the two-state solution for the Palestinian issue where Palestine and Israel coexist in peace in accordance with the relevant UN resolutions and calls for respect for the inalienable and legitimate rights of Palestinian people for creating necessary condition for Palestinians to become a full-fledged member of the United Nations. (07:11:56) Madam President, many countries all over the world, including the Lao PDR, have experienced and suffered firsthand the consequences of war and solving disputes by force, which directly endanger peace and security with unpredictable destruction to innocent lives. As such, the only way to solve disputes at all levels with a view towards sustainable peace is to begin with building mutual trust along with diplomatic negotiations based on respect for sovereignty and adherence to the fundamental principles of international law and the United Nations Charter. I am of the view that the international community must ascend to its required responsibility and political commitment that lead to tangible results based on international principles to address various issues at hand as well as emerging challenges in the future. (07:13:06) Simultaneously, we must further enhance our development cooperation and global partnership, ensuring the concrete implementation of the 2030 agenda for sustainable development, together with the outcomes of the Summit of the Future that the world leaders has just endorsed most recently, based on the promotion of multilateralism with the United Nations at its core to adequately and timely respond to the needs of the international community. It is my view that the application of unilateral coercive measures is against the principles of the UN Charter and international law. These measures have severely and disproportionately affected the innocent people and obstructed development progress in many countries. On that account, we reiterate our unwavering support in line with the cause of the international community for ending the economic embargo against Cuba and removing it from the list of state sponsors of terrorism and removal of all unilateral coercive measures against any sovereign state. (07:14:23) Madam President, the Lao PDR has the honor to assume the ASEAN chairmanship in 2024 for the third time under the theme ASEAN: Enhancing Connectivity and Resilience, aiming at building ASEAN to be a more connected and resilient community through the implementation of the 2024 ASEAN priorities and initiatives. The theme is reflective of the Lao PDR's national policy and objective to turn itself from being a landlocked country to a regional connectivity hub. The theme is also in line with ASEAN's common goal of building a more connected, integrated and resilient region that is able to respond effectively and timely to the emerging challenges amid the regional and global complex and rapidly changing landscapes, thereby contributing to the global common cause of maintaining peace, stability and security, as well as sustainable development in the region and the world. (07:15:46) Importantly, this year, ASEAN is focusing on developing strategic plans in each pillar as well as the ASEAN Community Vision 2045 towards resilient, innovative, dynamic and people-centered community, as well as the implementation of the UN sustainable development agenda. In addition, ASEAN is accelerating the accession process to admit Timon-Leste as a full member of ASEAN in the near future. On the developments in Myanmar, the Lao PDR as the ASEAN chair continues to uphold the ASEAN's commitment to assisting Myanmar in finding a peaceful and durable solution to the ongoing problem in Myanmar through the implementation of the Five-Point Consensus based on the Myanmar-owned, Myanmar-led process. The Lao PDR will continue to engage with relevant stakeholders aiming at building a conducive environment to implement the Five-Point Consensus, including the inclusive national dialogue and humanitarian assistance. (07:16:57) Madam President, the Lao PDR remains steadfast to achieving the sustainable development goals focusing on socioeconomic development, together with the environment protection and reduction of poverty. Last July, the Lao PDR presented its third voluntary National Review of the SDG implementation at the 2024 High-Level Political Forum, which demonstrated that there remains small progress and off-track goals. Among them, the implementation of the national SDG 18 Lives Safe from Unexploded Ordinance has made progress in varying degrees. However, the Unexploded Ordinance remains a major threat to the lives of the Lao people and pose obstacles to the national development while hindering the progress of the other SDGs. We therefore take this opportunity to call upon the international community to provide predictable and adequate support and assistance to the Lao PDR in addressing this long overdue and challenging problem, in accordance with the Convention on Cluster Munitions. (07:18:22) The Lao PDR is of the view that one of the main obstacles to implementing the SDGs is insufficient funding. As such, there is an urgent need to reform international financial architecture through the collaboration among the UN Development System, development partners and the international financial institutions, while promoting the participation of the developing countries in the international economic decision-making, norm-setting and global economic governance. Currently, it is our view that the UN Development System at all levels must enhance its roles in cooperation, in cooperating, rather, with and providing support to the member states, especially the least developed countries, the landlocked developing countries and small island developing states in order to help tackle their special needs and challenges. (07:19:34) Another key factor that can help accelerate national development efforts is the role of science, technology and innovation, including artificial intelligence, in facilitating green growth and digitalization that is environmentally friendly and investment in carbon capture and storage. Thus, the Lao PDR calls on the international community to facilitate access and transfer of appropriate technology in innovation to help leapfrog the development, including support for the implementation of strategic plan and vision for the development of digital economy of the Lao PDR. Furthermore, I am of the view that human capital is another decisive factor. Presently, one-third of the Lao population are within the age range of 10 to 24, making the Lao PDR the nation with the youngest population in Southeast Asia. And those figures are projected to continuously increase for the next 10 years. (07:20:45) At the same time, the working age population is expected to increase around 67% of the total population by 2030 as compared to 63% in 2020. The government of the Lao PDR invested in its human capital development in order to reap the benefits of its demographic dividend. As part of such efforts, the government of Lao PDR organized the first Human Capital Summit on Education in 2023 and the second Summit on Nutrition in 2024 aimed at enhancing education quality, basic healthcare and nutrition of the Lao people. On graduation from the least developed country status, the Lao government has adopted the Lao PDR Smooth Transition Strategy for LDC graduation by 2026 and beyond. From the result of the triennial review by the UN Committee for Development Policy in early 2024, the Lao PDR continues to meet all three thresholds for graduation by 2026. However, given the current situation, we are of the view that there remains the necessity for us to continue to focus our forces and efforts to cope with external shocks and address domestic economic and financial difficulties, as well as impacts of natural disasters, including the ongoing floodings in cooperation with the United Nations and development partners in order for the Lao PDR to be able to overcome various obstacles and continue its development momentum towards a smooth, quality and sustainable graduation From the LDC status. (07:22:39) Madam President, I would like to take this opportunity to commend the international community for the successful outcome of the Summit of the Future, which has reaffirmed strong commitments of the world leaders to supporting multilateralism, maintenance of peace and promotion of international cooperation for sustainable development through the adoption of the Pact for the Future, which focuses on the current challenges of the world and building a better future for the future generations. In this connection, the Global Digital Compact has set the goals to eliminate all obstacles and facilitate digital cooperation at the international level, while also ensuring that technological advancement contributes to the acceleration of the SDGs' achievement. (07:23:37) The Lao PDR always take into account, into consideration, rather, our common responsibility for future generations, and thus highly values the adoption of the Declaration on Future Generations, which prescribes the principles and commitments to protecting our world peace and stability, ensuring equal access to social services, information and innovation, while addressing the impacts of climate change among others. All of these will help ensure the sustainability of our planet in which future generations could continue the utilization of natural resources in the future. Despite being one of the least emission-polluting countries in the world, the Lao PDR, like many other countries, has encountered severe consequences of climate change and natural disasters. Hence, the Lao PDR has adopted its national strategic plan on climate change and committed to contributing to the international efforts in addressing climate change. (07:24:50) Allow me to take this opportunity to congratulate all on the success of the High-Level Meeting on sea level rise on 25 September 2024, which has reiterated the need for strong international cooperation to address climate change. Notwithstanding the fact that the Lao PDR is a landlocked country, we stand ready to contribute to the international efforts to protect the environment while calling for support measures to further increase adaptation capacity and resilience for responding to future impacts' precedent. (07:25:41) Last but not least, I would like to reaffirm the consistent support of the government of the Lao PDR to the multilateralism and the principles stipulated in the UN Charter and international law. The Lao PDR continues to uphold its cooperation with the member states of the UN and regional countries to contribute to the cause of maintaining peace and security, promoting prosperity of all nations worldwide, as well as overcoming the challenges of today and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals in order to provide an enabling condition for a bright future of the current and new generations. I thank you.

On behalf of the Assembly, I wish to thank the Prime Minister of the Lao People's Democratic Republic. The Assembly will hear an address by His Excellency Feleti Penitala Teo, Prime Minister of Tuvalu. I request protocol to escort His Excellency and invite him to address the Assembly.

Excellencies, Madam President, I am humbled and indeed honored to stand before you today at this August Assembly for the first time as the Prime Minister of Tuvalu. I bring to the General Assembly and the related high-level summitries the best wishes of my people and the government of Tuvalu. I take this opportunity to congratulate His Excellency President Philemon Yang for assuming the role of the president for the 79th United Nations General Assembly. Tuvalu wishes you a very successful presidency. I also take this opportunity to congratulate the outgoing president, His Excellency Dennis Francis, for a job well done and for his exceptional leadership during his presidency. (07:28:19) Madam President, I applaud President Yang's insightful vision for this session, namely, leaving no one behind, acting together for the advancement of peace, sustainable development, and human dignity for present and future generations. The theme challenges us to walk, to work in unison to advance peace and security, sustainable development and human dignity. Considering how off-track the progress of the SDG, it is a timely and practical, a pragmatic call. We must therefore advance in unity as a family of nations. However, it is imperative to recognize the inherent disparity in our respective developmental capacities. The LDCs and the SIDS trailing on the lower end of the global economic scale face persistent and significant financial challenges in their developmental efforts. For Tuvalu, a purely import-oriented economy, our economic fragility is further compounded by poor natural endowment, geographical isolation from major markets, and environmental vulnerability to climatic crisis. Madam President, your vision to promote human dignity at this critical moment is highly commendable. Ensuring that all individuals have access to resources and opportunities to participate in international decision-making processes is crucial for a just and effective response to these global challenges. In that regard, it is regrettable that the Republic of China Taiwan continues to be excluded from the United Nations system despite its significant contribution and partnership across various development sectors. The UNGA Resolution 2758 does not preclude Taiwan's meaningful participation in the UN system and therefore must include Taiwan so that no one is left behind. As a vibrant democracy that has made remarkable progress on the SDG, Taiwan is well-positioned to make meaningful contribution to global efforts in achieving those goals. (07:31:13) It is also regrettable to observe that the people of Cuba continue to bear the economic burden of long-standing unilateral economic blockades. With such measures, Cuba is denied crucial international development assistance and partnerships necessary for its recovery and rebuilding efforts. Tuvalu aligns itself with member states that supports the lifting of those blockades and join other member states' call for the removal of Cuba from the list of state sponsor of terrorism. (07:31:50) Excellencies, Tuvalu applauds the Secretary General and his team for their tireless efforts in the organization of several important High-Level Meetings this week. Tuvalu also commends the commitment and constructive contribution by all member states that enable the success of those meetings. Excellencies, Tuvalu welcomes and support the Pact for the Future adopted earlier this week at the Summit of the Future, together with the Declaration on Future Generations and the Global Digital Compact. What is needed now is robust political will and unwavering commitment to implement the provision of the Pact. We are heartened by the Pact's call for a bold and comprehensive outcome document on addressing climate change at the upcoming COP29 in Azerbaijan. While climate change affect every nations, its impacts are disproportionately felt more by small island developing states like Tuvalu. Despite our insignificant contribution to climate change, we face the most severe consequences when climate-induced disasters do occur. (07:33:17) We therefore urge all member states to honor their commitment to increase support for climate finance and technology transfer to help nations like Tuvalu develop and enhance their adaptive resilience. The science is very clear: atmospheric temperatures continue to rise due to the increasing emission of greenhouse gases from burning fossil fuels. Therefore, phasing out fossil fuels is crucial to global efforts to reduce carbon emission and to curb global warming. (07:33:55) Towards that objective, Tuvalu and several other like-minded nations are leading the promotion for the Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty initiative. The initiative is to garner international support on a binding treaty arrangement that regulates and limits the use of fossil fuel, with the ultimate objective of total phase-out. And I take this opportunity to invite other member states of the United Nations family to support the initiative, and I express the sincere hope that the commitment in the Pact provide the much-needed reboot to the global multilateralism architecture and the UN system generally. Tuvalu supports and looks forward to the effective implementation of the Pact for the Future to build a more equitable global system where no nation and no community is left behind. Excellencies, climate change-induced sea level rise

Sea level rise is and will always be a top priority for Tuvalu. Sea level rice is not only a top development priority, but also a top survivability priority for Tuvalu. The Pacific Ocean that used to define us will soon engulf us, and will determine our future existence if sea level rise is not halted, and the Tuvalu coastlines are not suitably fortified and reinforced. Sea level rise is a global and a multidimensional phenomenon that requires immediate global actions. For Tuvalu, sea level rise poses the greatest existential threat to our economy, to our culture and heritage, and to the land that nourished our ancestors for centuries. Current predictions on the rate of sea level rise are frighteningly disturbing. The predictions are that in 26 years time, by 2050, more than 50% of Tuvalu's land territory will be regularly flooded by regular tidal surges. 50 years afterward, in 2100, more than 90% of Tuvalu's land territory will suffer the same fate. The predictions do not account for severe climatic conditions like cyclones and hurricanes, which would exponentially accelerate the reaching of those thresholds. Tuvalu therefore commends the president for the timely and successful organization of the high-level meeting on sea level rise on Wednesday. Tuvalu is heartened by the commitment of all member states to strengthen international cooperation and partnerships for more comprehensive and effective responses to sea level rise. We are committed to providing the Secretary General with our national report on this issue within the suggested timeframe, and look forward to contributing to a concise, action-oriented and intergovernmentally negotiated declaration. The high-level meeting marks the takeoff for our global effort to shape an ambitious declaration by the General Assembly in September 2026. The declaration, in my considered view, must be a strong pronouncement in support of the expectation of the 1 billion people affected by sea level rise. (07:37:51) The declaration shall be an unwavering commitment to our sovereignty, dignity, prosperity and rights. The declaration must be action-oriented and comprehensive, and toward those objectives, we expect the declaration to include the following principles. Firstly, the declaration shall ascertain the principle of statehood continuity as a tenet of international law and international cooperation, and to affirm that statehood cannot be challenged under any circumstances of sea level rise. Secondly, the declarations shall reaffirm the permanency of maritime zones established in accordance with the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea. Thirdly, the declaration shall call on the international community and regional institutions to enable human mobility pathways that facilitate movement safely, orderly and with dignity. Fourthly, the declaration shall devise concrete programs for the international community to support our efforts to safeguard our unique culture and heritage, both tangible and intangible. Fifthly, the declaration shall establish dedicated and innovative financing mechanisms to support the positive adaptation journeys of the most vulnerable communities. Finally, the declaration shall underscore the importance of knowledge, data and science to anticipate and plan for the impact of sea level rise. (07:39:42) Excellencies, I wish to reiterate the commitment of Tuvalu to address the effects of climate change through identified, science-based, transformative adaptive solutions. These solutions are designed to reclaim and elevate land, enhance our resilience against sea level rise, and ensure our sovereign rights to our land and cultural identity are safe and protected for our future generations. I acknowledged the efforts of the Pacific people and leaders in addressing the pressing issue of sea level rise. The Pacific leaders, in their annual meeting in Tonga last month, reiterated the importance of the 2021 Declaration on Maritime Boundary Preservation, and the 2023 Declaration on Statehood Continuity and Climate Change Related Sea Level Rise Protection. The Pacific leaders also called for sea level rise to be a standalone agenda in the UNGA and other related UN processes, like the conference of the parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Furthermore, in 2021, Tuvalu, in collaboration with Antigua and Barbuda, established a commission of small island states and climate change and international law. The said commission successfully secured, in May of this year, an advisory opinion from the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, which clarifies that greenhouse gas emissions pollute the marine environment, and that states have the legal responsibility to take all necessary measures to prevent, reduce and control them. This advisory opinion is a significant development as it shifts the conversation from political commitment to binding legal obligations. Excellencies, the science on climate change is comprehensive and clear, that the climate is changing and is significantly impacting small island states through rising sea levels. Nationalized scientific data and information has allowed my government to create a three-dimensional model that specifically demonstrates the impact of climate change and sea level rise in Tuvalu. We showcased this three-dimensional model here in New York during the high level week, and I must admit, it is alarming and disturbing to see how quickly Tuvalu's entire land territory will be engulfed by rising seas as greenhouse gas emissions continue to increase. (07:42:39) Excellencies, I am pleased to share with the general Assembly this afternoon a watershed treaty between Tuvalu and Australia, titled the Falepili Union Treaty. The treaty carries the title of a treasured Tuvalu value of the Falepili, which connotes good neighborliness care and share, and mutual respect. The treaty is firmly grounded on mutual respect of each other's sovereignty, territorial integrity and political independence. The treaty prioritized three key areas, namely climate cooperation, mobility with dignity, and shared security. For the first time, there is a country, Australia, that has committed legally to come to the aid of Tuvalu, upon request, when Tuvalu encounters a major natural disaster, when Tuvalu is experiencing a major public health pandemic, and when Tuvalu is subjected to some form of military aggression. For the first time also, another country, Australia, is legally committed to recognize the permanency of the future statehood and sovereignty of Tuvalu despite the impact of climate change, particularly sea level rise. (07:44:05) The treaty also provides for a mobility pathway for citizens of Tuvalu who so choose to live, work and study in Australia, and I look forward very much to the full operationalization of the Falepili Union Treaty next year, in 2025. Excellencies, let me reiterate Tuvalu's unwavering support for the Antigua and Barbuda agenda for SIDS, the ABAS, that was adopted in May this year. ABAS addresses the unique challenges faced by small island developing states through a multi-faceted approach that includes climate action, economic diversification and social development. Excellencies, Tuvalu is one of the smallest states in the world in terms of its land territory and population, but it is a very large ocean state considering the extent of its exclusive economic zone. (07:45:18) Tuvaluans have a very close affinity with the Pacific Ocean. The Pacific Ocean sustains our daily lives and economic prosperity. The impact of climate change on fish stock migration and declining marine resources, together with IUU fishing and marine pollution, pose a major challenge to Tuvalu's progress towards sustainable economic development. As a signatory to the Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction Agreement, Tuvalu is committed to the sustainable utilization and equitable distribution of marine resources. Tuvalu is also committed to the 2050 Strategy for the Blue Pacific Continent, which aims to protect the ocean. This commitment is reinforced by UNEA resolution 5/14 to develop an ambitious international, legally binding agreement to end plastic pollution based on a comprehensive approach that addresses the full life cycle of plastic, including its production, design and disposal. Excellencies, Tuvalu expresses its sincere gratitude to the economic and social council for their consideration of deferring Tuvalu's graduation from the least developed countries category earlier this year. (07:46:47) It is important to reiterate that while Tuvalu has met the graduation threshold for some time now, Tuvalu continued to have serious reservations about leaving this group. As one of the last remaining Pacific island countries in the LDC category, Tuvalu is exceptionally vulnerable to the impact of climate change and rising sea levels. Even the Committee for Developing Policy has recognized that Tuvalu's vulnerability to climate change is not only severe but permanent. For this reason, Tuvalu applauds the newly developed multidimensional vulnerability index that could complement the traditional gross national income indicator as the basis for development and climate finance access. Excellencies, Tuvalu commenced the commemoration and promotion of the International Day of the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons this year. The event serves as a powerful reminder of the catastrophic consequences of nuclear testing and warfare, as well as the ongoing threat posed by these weapons. By observing this event annually as agreed to in resolution 78/27, reinforces our commitment to nuclear disarmament. (07:48:17) Tuvalu is also a party to the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, and I'm also pleased to announce that in June of this year, Tuvalu became one of the few remaining states to accede to the Biological Weapons Convention, further solidifying our steadfast commitment to creating a world safe from nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction. Excellencies, 12 months ago we adopted a declaration on universal health coverage following the review of implementation of the 2019 universal health coverage, titled Moving Together to Build a Healthy World. This year's adoption of the political declaration on anti-microbial resistance has once again unified us in a concerted global effort to build a healthier world. As unified as we ought to be, achieving equitable and adequate essential healthcare services for all must remain a common priority. International cooperation remains appropriate to the efforts of improving and strengthening healthcare systems, particularly those that are lacking. (07:49:36) On the fifth of this month, Tuvalu celebrated its 24th anniversary of membership in the United Nations. It has been over two decades since Tuvalu joined this august body as the 189th member state. Tuvalu remains grateful for the privilege to engage with other member states in our common pursuit for the advancement of peace and security, sustainable development and human dignity for present and future generations. Next week, on the 1st of October, will be Tuvalu's 46th independence anniversary, and as I prepare to celebrate this momentous occasion for the first time as the Prime Minister of Tuvalu, I wish to take this opportunity to express my special appreciation and gratitude to the United Nations and its member states, and in particular Tuvalu's generous, traditional and emerging partners, for all the support and assistance afforded to my country. Excellencies, in conclusion, I render Tuvalu's unwavering support to the Pact for the Future, and for the accompanying that declaration and compact adopted during the Summit of the Future earlier in the week. (07:50:56) I express the sincere and genuine hope that the commitments in the pact provide the much-needed reboot to the global multilateralism architecture, and the UN system generally. The global community must seize this opportunity to reaffirm and to recommit to multilateralism and international cooperation, to the sustainable development goals and to the principles of the United Nations charter. Tuvalu calls on the global community to rally behind the Pact for the Future and to build a more equitable global system where no nation, no community is left behind, particularly those front-line nations to the devastating impact of climate change, and the climate change-induced sea-level rise like my country, Tuvalu. I thank you Madam President. Fafta'ilasi, Tuvalu Modertua, Tuvalu for God.

On behalf of the Assembly, I wish to thank the Prime Minister of Tuvalu. The Assembly will hear an address by his Excellency, Terence Michael Drew, Prime Minister and Minister for finance, National Security and Immigration, Health and Social Security of Saint Kitts and Nevis. I request protocol to escort his Excellency and invite him to address the Assembly.

Mr. President, Secretary-General Guterres, esteemed colleagues, excellencies, my fellow citizens of our twin island, Federation of St. Kitts and Nevis, and friends from every corner of our shared planet. Today, I rise on behalf of my island developing state, and yet in truth, I speak for the many small island nations, large ocean states that know too well the high cost of inaction. We are small, yes, but our voices carry the weight of rising seas, thundering storms and livelihoods teetering on the edge of [inaudible 07:53:33]. A sustainable future for SIDS demands more from us all. Let us begin by paying tribute to his Excellency, Dennis Francis, whose leadership and presidency of the 78th session demonstrated the fierce determination of the Caribbean. Thank you for your service. We stand ready to drive the changes necessary for a sustainable, secure world. Thank you for your sterling leadership, Mr. President. I must also acknowledge Secretary-General Guterres, who with unflinching resolve has championed justice, equity and hope. (07:54:16) This past year tested our commitment to peace and security, yet it also revealed the vast opportunities we must seize if we are to steer humanity toward a better way. Mr. President, Philémon Yang, congratulations on your election as President of the 79th session of the United Nations General Assembly. We have great confidence in your leadership, as you'll guide us with the theme unity and diversity for advancing peace, sustainable development and human dignity everywhere and for all. As we convene here in this hallowed hall, I recall the words of former Secretary-General Kofi Annan, the future of peace and prosperity that we seek for all the world's peoples needs a foundation of tolerance, security, equality and justice. That foundation is fragile, but it is essential, and it is crumbling under the weight of neglect, greed and abuse of power. 79 years ago, in the wake of war's devastation, visionaries sought to build a world where diplomacy and dialogue could triumph over destructive intolerance. (07:55:45) Yet today, we stand on the precipice of a perilous return to a world where peace is kept at gunpoint, where weapons are romanticized and violence is exalted in the pursuit of absolute power. We need more than diplomatic platitudes. We need a humanity steeped in decency, justice, equity and inclusivity. We must rise from these chambers not resigned to the idea that the children of Haiti, Congo, Sudan and Palestine are less deserving of the rights and freedoms that we enjoy. We are all one people, one world. We cannot have peace without justice, not justice without true solid equality. In the Caribbean, our lived reality of rising tides washing away our hopes, of unforgiving heat setting ablaze our dreams. We pray for rain and receive the floods, dragging our homes and our futures to the abyss. When the guns flood our communities, tearing children from their mother's arms, it is a collective cry for action. (07:57:04) When the global south starves while food wastage continues unabated, we must be shaken from our complacency. The half-truth is that the world is becoming mortally insecure. We stand on disappearing shores. We are besieged by storms, natural and manmade. Corporate greed, colonial arrogance and unchecked consumerism have torn apart our social contract with each other. We are no longer at peace with nature. The greatest delusion we feed ourselves is that security and sustainability are separate endeavors. They are, in fact, intertwined. We cannot build secure nations while allowing the climate crisis to rob future generations of their birthright. Security is more than an absence of conflict. It is the presence of dignity, of justice and hope. Generations ago, the labor movement in St. Kitts and Nevis paved the way for our people's emancipation, an emancipation built on the principles of social, economic and human dignity. Today, I echo their call. (07:58:22) We must do better. We must be better. Our ambitions must be grander, our visions clearer. When we say leaving no one behind, acting together for the advancement of peace, sustainable development and human dignity for present and future generations, it cannot be a hollow phrase. It must be a sacred commitment, a pledge to every soul from the wealthiest nation to the smallest island state. For when the waters rise in the south, even the north will eventually drown. When a forest burns in the north, the south too will choke from the smoke, for it is one planet, one human race. (07:59:15) The pandemic has left scars that still fester, and global economic fragmentation threatens to deepen the divides between us. From small island states like mine, the failure to meet these goals is not just a disappointment, it is a death sentence. The clock is ticking, and we cannot afford to wait any longer. We must act, and we must act now. Today, the Caribbean graces for an intense hurricane season, facing the escalating fury fueled by warming oceans and unprecedented storms. Our brothers and sisters in Grenada, Carriacou and Petite Martinique, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, and Jamaica are still recovering from the devastation of Hurricane Beryl, which became the earliest formed category five hurricane on record this past July. In the Pacific, our brothers and sisters there remain exposed to the incessant battering of typhoons that ravage their islands. As I speak, the southeast United States is being pounded by Hurricane Helene, lives and livelihoods hanging the balance as entire communities brace for the next assault. (08:00:41) Hoteliers, for example, in my own country of St. Kitts and Nevis, have approached our government, stating that with a sense of dread, they may so no longer be able to market themselves as beach resorts. Our famous beaches, once the lifeblood of our tourism-driven economy, are steadily disappearing under the relentless rise of the sea. The sands that once beckoned visitors from across the globe are now receding, swallowed by seas which continue to rise. The loss will be irreversible if we do not act, and if we do not act now. The sustainable development goals were meant to shield us from such devastation, offering a progressive agenda to build resilience and safeguard all our citizens. Yet despite their promise, according to the UN's 2024 SDGs report, only 17% of the targets are on track. Nearly half are showing minimal or moderate progress, and over one-third have stalled our even regressed. (08:01:56) The clock is ticking, and we must do more than observe its passage. We must act before these realities become permanent fixtures in our collective future. In May 2025, the government of St. Kitts and Nevis will proudly co-host the Global Sustainable Islands Summit with Island Innovation, a pivotal event dedicated to advancing sustainable development on islands across the globe, titled A Sustainable Future for Island Communities. This summit will build on the momentum of the SIDS IV conference held in 2024, tackling the pressing challenges island nations face. The summit will call to action a space where we share practical solutions and partnerships that ripple far beyond our shores. Our islands are sentinels of climate change, and the proving ground for sustainable development. It is with this spirit of shared responsibility and urgent action that I extend a heartfelt invitation to all leaders of island nations gathered here, to come, to engage, to commit to meaningful change. (08:03:19) A recent and commendable stride toward equity and inclusion has been the adoption of the MVI, the Multi-Dimensional Vulnerability Index. This serves as a powerful testament to the potential of multilateralism when it is both purposeful and effective. St. Kitts and Nevis stands with the Caribbean community and the alliance of small island states in welcoming resolution 78/ 322, while urging this esteemed body to rally the necessary political will and resources to drive its implementation across international financial institutions and multilateral development banks. For us small island developing states, the MVI is not just another metric, it is a lifeline offering a means to cushion the relentless blows of climatic and economic crises that disproportionately affect us. (08:04:24) Its full implementation will demonstrate to the world that the United Nations, and by extension, the global system remains committed to uplifting those most vulnerable. It will restore trust in a system that must not only recognize vulnerability, but actively work to address it. The time has come to reshape the United Nations to reform its structures so that they reflect the realities of our modern world. Too many voices remain unheard, too many nations marginalize. The UN Security Council must include representations from the region's most vulnerable to the threats of our time, regions such as the Latin America, the Caribbean and Africa. (08:05:22) Nowhere is this change more urgently needed than in the international financial architecture. St. Kitts and Nevis stands in solidarity with the government of Barbados in its fight for financial and climate justice, pledging our full support for the Bridgetown initiative. This bold framework demands a reformation of global finance, making it more responsive to the unique vulnerabilities of small island developing states like mine. We cannot build resilience without first ensuring that the international system works for the most vulnerable among us. (08:06:05) In the Caribbean, we continue to call for and guard our zone of peace. The Argyle Declaration serves as a shining example of how we in the Caribbean manage security challenges. We go back to basics. We talk to each other. Specifically, the declaration has been instrumental in facilitating dialogue between Venezuela and Guyana, demonstrating that even the most complex disputes can be navigated through peaceful means. This model of engagement, one of dialogue and cooperation, is the very essence upon which this institution was founded. The international community would do well to follow this approach, and inject new life into our diplomacy. To this end, I reiterate CARICOM's call for an unconditional ceasefire in Gaza, to put an end to the suffering. (08:07:11) The only pathway to peace and to secure fundamental human rights and dignity is through the two-state solution, and St. Kitts and Nevis stand in full support. Mr. President, as we face these global challenges, we should always remember Haiti. I want to reiterate that again, Mr. President, that we should always remember Haiti. Haiti, the beacon of resilience and courage, stands at the crossroads of its next chapter. St. Kitts and Nevis, alongside the Caribbean community, firmly supports the work of the National Transitional Council as it strives to create an environment conducive to a multi-stakeholder political solution. Haiti was there for the down-trodden of the world, lighting the path toward freedom for many, and now, the world must be there for Haiti. Not because it is a place of sorrow, but because it remains a symbol of human endurance and defiance against injustice. With the establishment of the multinational security support mission, the Caribbean community seeks to usher in a new day for Haiti's families, and to this end, I want to thank the government and people of Kenya for their significant contribution. (08:08:51) Of course, we want to usher in a new day for Haiti's families, a day where schools become places of learning, hospitals are places of healing, and markets are not arsenals for gangs, but havens for community and prosperity. Haiti's future is not only one of security, but one of sustainability, and we must rally to give it the peace it deserves. Mr. President, year after year, this body sends a strong message to the people of Cuba, a message of hope and a message of support. The embargo that has isolated Cuba for decades is not right, Mr. President, and it continues to be a stain on our collective conscience. St. Kitts and Nevis joins the Caribbean community in calling for an end to this unjust embargo, and for Cuba's removal From the State Department's list of state sponsors of terrorism. Cuba has long been a friend to the Caribbean, its doctors,

... as educators exemplifying true philanthropy. And I might state here, Mr. President, that I'm a graduate of the Cuban educational system. Instead of denigrating the island, we should elevate and learn from its sustainable solutions that have empowered their people and in turn the region. A stronger, more sustainable Cuba enhances the security and sustainability of the Caribbean. Mr. President, in the same breath, we must not forget Taiwan. The people of Taiwan have proven time and time again their firm commitment to sustainable development. The theme of this assembly, leaving no one behind, compels us to ensure Taiwan's inclusion in the work of the United Nations System, particularly in the World Health Organization and the International Civil Aviation Organization. Taiwan's leadership in innovation and technology is not just a asset, it's a necessity for the global community to meet the challenges of tomorrow. The United Nations must extend its vision to include Taiwan, a nation whose exclusion undermines the very principles we stand for: peace, sustainable development and human dignity.