Amazon AMZN Q2 2020 Earnings Call Transcript

Speaker 1: (00:02) Thank you for standing by. Good day, everyone, and welcome to the Amazon.com Q2 2020 financial results teleconference. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. After the presentation, we will conduct a question-and-answer session. Today's call is being recorded. For opening remarks, I will be turning the call over to Director of Investor Relations, Dave Fildes. Please go ahead. Dave Fildes: (00:31) Hello and welcome to our Q2 2020 financial results conference call. Joining us today to answer your questions is Brian Olsavsky, our CFO. As you listen to today's conference call, we encourage you to have our press release in front of you, which includes our financial results, as well as metrics and commentary on the quarter. Please note, unless otherwise stated, all comparisons in this call will be against our results for the comparable period of 2019. Our comments and responses to your questions reflect management's views as of today, July 30, 2020, only and will include forward-looking statements. Actual results may differ materially. Additional information about factors that could potentially impact our financial results is included in today's press release and our filings with the SEC, including our most recent annual report on Form 10-K and subsequent filings. During the call, we may discuss certain non-GAAP financial measures. In our press release, slides accompanying this webcast and our filings with the SEC, each of which is posted on our IR website, you will find additional disclosures regarding these non-GAAP measures, including reconciliations of these measures with comparable GAAP measures. Dave Fildes: (01:40) Our guidance incorporates the order trends that we've seen to date and what we believe today to be appropriate assumptions. Our results are inherently unpredictable and may be materially affected by many factors, including fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, changes in global economic conditions and customer spending, world events, the rate of growth of the internet, online commerce and cloud services, and the various factors detailed in our filings with the SEC. This guidance also reflects our estimates to date regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operations, including those discussed in our filings with the SEC, and is highly dependent on numerous factors that we may not be able to predict or control, including the duration and scope of the pandemic including any recurrence, actions taken by governments, businesses and individuals in response to the pandemic, the impact of the pandemic on global and regional economies and economic activity, workforce staffing and productivity, and our significant and continuing spending on employee safety measures, our ability to continue operations in affected areas and consumer demand and spending patterns, as well as the effects on suppliers, creditors and third party sellers, all of which are uncertain. Dave Fildes: (02:50) Our guidance also assumes, among other things, that we don't conclude any additional business acquisitions, investments, restructurings or legal settlements. It's not possible to accurately predict demand for our goods and services, and therefore, our actual results could differ materially from our guidance. And now, I'll turn the call over to Brian. Brian Olsavsky: (03:09) Thank you for joining us today. I'd like to start by thanking and recognizing the contributions of hundreds of thousands of Amazon employees and delivery partners and hundreds of thousands of small and medium-size businesses who are working hard to serve our customers all around the world in these uncertain times. Amazon's second quarter was another highly unusual quarter. As I mentioned on our last earnings call, we began to see a significant increase in customer demand beginning in early March, and demand remained elevated throughout Q2. Strong early demand in groceries and consumable products continued into Q2, while demand increased during the quarter in our other major product categories like hard lines and soft lines. At the same time, we continued to focus on stepped-up employee safety, particularly in our fulfillment and logistics operations, to help ensure the safety and well-being of our employees and partners. In Q2, we incurred more than $4 billion of COVID-related expenses, getting products to customers and keeping employees safe. The largest portion of these costs related to compensation for our front line employees, including higher hourly wages through the end of May and a more than $500 million thank you bonus in June. Brian Olsavsky: (04:19) We also experienced productivity headwinds in our facilities. This included changes to over 150 of our processes to provide for social distancing, as well as costs to onboard and train over 175, 000 new employees who were hired to meet the higher customer demand. This $4 billion also included investments in personal protective equipment for employees and enhanced cleaning for our facilities. Our consolidated revenue and operating income significantly exceeded the top end of our guidance range. Strong top line performance was driven by increased consumer demand, led by Prime members. We continued to see high Prime member engagement throughout the quarter. Prime members shop more often with larger basket sizes. Worldwide streaming video hours doubled year-over-year, driven largely by Prime Video. Brian Olsavsky: (05:07) We're reaching more customers with our grocery offerings. Online grocery sales tripled year-over-year. Existing Prime member renewal rates improved and the Prime member growth rate accelerated both in the US and worldwide. Our 3P sellers, who are largely comprised of small and medium-size businesses, also stepped up to help make more selection available for customers, and as a result, these small and medium-size businesses have seen significant growth in their sales. Our third-party seller services revenue grew faster than online stores revenue in Q2. The strong growth in both fulfillment by Amazon and merchant fulfilled, or MFN, seller sales. Third-party units continue to represent more than half of overall unit volume, helped by improved quarter-over-quarter growth in active sellers. We are more committed than ever to supporting the success the hundreds of thousands of small and medium-size businesses to sell their products in Amazon stores. We were able to meet this heightened demand because we were also able to open up more fulfillment network capacity as the quarter progressed with faster delivery across more selection. Brian Olsavsky: (06:13) I'd point to a few capacity improvements that have allowed us to enhance throughput. First, our regular headcount grew 34% year-over-year as of the end of Q2 and continues to grow. We welcomed more than 175,000 new employees in March and April. Many of them were displaced from other jobs in the economy. As we've seen demand remain high, we are in the process of bringing 125,000 of these employees into regular full-time positions. I would also note that Amazon has created more jobs over the last decade than any other company, and we are proud that we're continuing to create good jobs with industry-leading wages and great benefits during this challenging time. Our combined number of regular and seasonal employees is currently over one million. We've also been able to expand the output in our existing facilities, as we've had time to implement, learn and iterate on the new process paths we put in place. Brian Olsavsky: (07:06) Additionally, as a reminder, Q2 is typically our lightest volume quarter for the retail business. That's not the case this year, but what that's meant is that we can flex into space normally used for second half peak demand. This led to strong operating leverage in Q2. As we move towards the peak in the second half of the year, we will ramp up our space needs even further, and we'll be adding significant fulfillment center and transportation capacity in the second half of the year. Brian Olsavsky: (07:32) Turning to AWS, this is now a $43 billion annualized run rate business, up nearly $10 billion in run rate in the last 12 month. Customer usage remains strong, although growth varies across industries as a result of COVID-19 crisis. Lastly, I'll touch upon our Q3 guidance, which we provided as part of our earnings release. A few additional data points on this guidance: We expect to incur more than $2 billion in COVID-related expenses in Q3 to help keep employees safe, including continued investment in social distancing, PP&E and testing. Costs are expected to be lower than in Q2, primarily due to better cost efficiency at the high demand levels we are seeing. Brian Olsavsky: (08:17) In addition, I'll remind you that the third quarter is typically when we open the majority of our new fulfillment network capacity, and we expect the same this year. We continue to invest meaningfully, including $9.4 billion in CapEx and finance leases in Q2 alone, an increase of 65% year-over-year, primarily driven by investments in our fulfillment and logistics footprint. Once these buildings open, they are a headwinds to profitability as they ramp up and we prepare for Q4 peak. In 2019, we increased network square footage by approximately 15%. This year, we expect a meaningfully higher year-over-year square footage growth of approximately 50%. This includes strong growth in new fulfillment center space, as well as sort centers and delivery stations. We expect the majority of this capacity come online in late Q3 and into Q4. Lastly, we plan to host Prime Day in Q4 this year rather than Q3 as it has been in prior years. The one exception is Amazon India, which will host Prime Day on August 6th and August 7th. Brian Olsavsky: (09:21) In summary, we know that people are relying on online shopping more than ever during this unprecedented time, and we're working hard to add capacity to serve customers. We are extremely grateful to our employees across Amazon for continuously stepping up to meet the needs of customers. With that, let's move on to Q&A. Speaker 1: (09:41) At this time, we will now open the call up for questions. We ask each caller please limit yourself to one question. If you would like to ask a question, please press star one on your keypad. We ask that when you pose your question, you pick up your handsets to provide optimum sound quality. Once again, to initiate a question, please press start then one on your ... Speaker 2: (10:03) Once again, to initiate a question, please press star then one on your touch-tone telephone, at this time. Please hold while we poll for questions. Your first question comes from the line of Eric Sheridan with UBS. Please proceed with your question. Eric Sheridan: (10:25) Thanks so much for taking the question. Maybe I could just dive in on the normalized trends you're seeing as you exit June and get into July. You've made a push into essentials and deemphasize non-essentials, as we talked about in the last earnings call. Where are we in terms of the company getting the mix between essential versus non-essentials right, in terms of offering the customers? Where are you in terms of returning to normal on next day and two-day shipping initiatives to drive Prime? If there was any color on the state of affairs with either of those by geo or region of the world, that would be great. Thank you so much. Brian Olsavsky: (11:01) Sure Eric, thanks for your question. So first on the trends. So if you remember, as you know, we exited Q1 and spoke at the end of April. We had taken a lot of steps in March and April to first limit the incoming non-essential products into our warehouses. And then we reversed that, or eliminated that decision in mid April. So we started normalize on our channel mix and I would say as we moved into late April and early May. We expected that because a lot of the sellers can toggle between MFN or FBA sales that we would see MFN drop as FBA picked up. But to a large extent, MFN remained strong even as FBA picked up. So we had a very favorable mix if you will coming from March on, it started to normalize a little bit more to normal levels towards the end of the quarter, but MFN still remains high. Brian Olsavsky: (12:03) On the product side, a lot of what we saw in March and early April was sales of consumables and groceries and safety items. We talked a lot about the fact that that was coming at pretty much zero costs, or excuse me, zero profit when you factored in the COVID related costs. We've had better run our cost structure and we also resumed a more normal mix in I'd say early part of May. So since then, I would say, it's getting closer to what we call a more normal mix. Demand is still super high and what we're seeing, it's driven by prime members and prime member engagement. They're shopping more often, they have larger basket sizes. There's still a heavy component of online grocery sales tripled year over year in the quarter, as we added capacity there. Brian Olsavsky: (12:53) So well there's shifts in the mix based on what customers want. It's looking a little more normal and it's staying at a very high level. On one day, we realized that our first priority is to keep our employees safe. And the second is to focus on getting our capacity increased. Once we've done that, we're working very hard to get faster shipments and we've seen the one day and two day recover through the quarter, but it's still probably considerably behind the going in rate before any of this happen. So we'll continue to work on that. But again, first priority is definitely keeping employees safe and second is increasing our capacity. Dave Fildes: (13:42) Yeah. This is Dave. I think just from a geographic perspective, Brian's opening comments there, a lot of these order trends and activity, you can see that both in North America and the international segment are growing well. So a lot of those kind of trends and category performances, first party, and third party seller growth, whether it be merchant fulfilled, or FBA sellers, we're seeing a lot of growth across the board. And kind of similar type broad trends when you think about the US and North America, as well as our international regions, particularly our more established international regions. Speaker 2: (14:19) Our next question is from Mark Mahaney with RBC, please proceed with your question. Mark Mahaney: (14:25) Okay. So to just a quick followup on Eric's question, Brian, when do you think you'll get back to par in terms of one day being one day? And then secondly, these profit levels are super high now, they're becoming super high at the company, if you X out the COVID costs, is Jeff aware of how profitable the company is becoming? Is he happy about it? I'm kind of being facetious, obviously when I asked that. But I also want to ask really is when you think about new investment areas, in the top of the list maybe some new international launches, or really building out some of the markets like India and Brazil and Mexico, or the business to business operations? Mark Mahaney: (15:02) There's a ton of new investment areas and it seems the Amazon historically, and I'm sure it's the same now would be using this kind of revenue surge, and really investing aggressively in these new areas. So just talk about that. I know you've got to spend on COVID, but as you think about the next three to five years, and you've got these really profits surges, how can you deploy those? Or how do you want to deploy those into, so some of the newer investment areas? Thanks a lot. Brian Olsavsky: (15:26) Sure. Thanks for your questions, Mark. First on, when we'll we get back to par? We don't know yet, we're getting progressively better. But we're also balancing what is going to be a very stepped up demand and capacity in Q3 and Q4. So if you look at historic run rates and can see how big a quarter Q2 was, Q2 is actually higher revenue than Q4 of last year, which is unheard of and Q3 is now forecast to be also higher than Q4 of last year. So we've kind of moved the peek forward and for different reasons and we're trying to mainly like, as I said, first priority is making sure employees are safe and that we continue to do social distancing and keep everybody safe and healthy. Brian Olsavsky: (16:16) Second priority is getting capacity online because we do not have... In Q2 we generally have lower revenue and in Q2, like I mentioned, we are able to use the excess capacity that did exist to serve the higher demand. Now as we move into Q3, we need to build the inventory more for Q4 and we've run out of space. So we've got our hands full on that challenge, but we've got a really good team that's been working very hard probably since late February on this issue. Brian Olsavsky: (16:49) When you talk about profitability, I will also mention that there are a couple of expenses that have gone down in the interim. Marketing, we cut marketing probably by the third in Q2, mainly because we're trying to manage demand, started normalize and get back to its somewhat normal levels at the end of Q2. And therefore we'll see a higher level in Q3, but certainly marketing costs were lower. I probably saw that in a lot of companies. Travel expenses have almost ground to a halt. Meeting costs, even medical costs in some cases have been delayed as people don't go to the doctor or don't go there as quickly. We think that'll normalize over time. Brian Olsavsky: (17:36) And as far as investments, we've got a lot of investments already in play. So I don't think it's a matter of necessarily accelerating investment. We're always looking for new investments that make sense to us. But during this time, I would say we've actually accelerated our ops investment, pulled in capacity that we probably didn't think would be needed until 2021, maybe later. Excuse me. On grocery with also greatly expanded our grocery delivery capacity and that's probably ahead of schedule. Dave Fildes: (18:11) This is Dave. Just to add to that. I think Prime is such a big focus in some of the growth statements that Brian talked about at the opening of the call. Whether it was strengthen paid Prime membership, an acceleration we saw in the US and worldwide. Or you have some of the usage stats like the grocery momentum or the doubling of video hours, for us, it's just another encouraging sign. We think there's still a lot more value we can add to that program. That's not just in the United States where we've got sort of a broader set of services than some of the other regions, but really focusing on supporting in some of those other regions. So we've got places like Australia, the middle East, we've talked about India many times, but a lot of focus on building that out. Dave Fildes: (18:55) I think what's great about a place... All geographies are... But a place like India we're really focused on digitizing the Indian sellers, a lot of micro, small, and medium sized businesses there. We launched the new features there to help support the digitization efforts with some of those brands and just a lot of great work being done by that team. They have some goals there around getting more sellers on board and hiring many more people as well. So a lot of focus there. Speaker 2: (19:26) Our next question comes from Brian Nowak with Morgan Stanley. Please proceed with your question. Brian Nowak: (19:33) Thanks for taking my questions. I've two, the first one, Brian is going back to the investments and you're often making multi-year investments for customers and customer offerings and you're the man behind the capital allocation plan. I guess I'd be curious to hear about, can you give us some examples of areas of investment that may have been pushed out this year because of shelter in place and the higher demand that you've been seeing? So what were areas where you thought you were going to spend more at the start of the year than you actually have... Brian Nowak: (20:03) -spend more at the start of the year than you actually have now in the current 2020 plan. Then the second one, the international strength, I appreciate the color on Europe and Japan. I see the profitability. Maybe just talk to us sort of qualitatively about some puts and takes around your core international markets, Europe and Japan, and how to think about whether or not they could be more or less profitable than the US, long-term. Thanks. Brian Olsavsky: (20:26) Sure. I think starting with that second one, you'll notice that the international segment was profitable this quarter, and that's a great sign. It is heavily driven by the pickup in demand that we saw. As I've mentioned, I believe in multiple calls. What's going on internationally is we have some very healthy, established countries that we've been in a long time, and we have probably accelerated their adoption of Prime benefits. We've pushed video and devices and music and other things to those countries probably earlier in the life cycle than you would in the US. So there's a bit of a forward investment on Prime benefits in many of those countries. Brian Olsavsky: (21:11) But what you'll also see are investments in new countries. Obviously, India is the biggest one, but also, to a lesser extent, the Middle East, Brazil, Turkey, and Australia are a recent addition. So there's always an element of expansion going on there. Brian Olsavsky: (21:31) Advertising is growing. So that's a good source of profitability, but if you look at what happened in Q2, it was essentially just much higher volumes than we had anticipated or had on a run rate. So our fixed costs were leveraged to the hilt. Obviously, we had to add some capacity and things in transportation and fulfillment centers, but all other fixed costs were pretty much leveraged on that higher demand. Brian Olsavsky: (21:58) The UK in particular was very strong, because there was probably more stay at home orders, and the way the economy was developing in the UK, we had a very, very strong quarter there. Brian Olsavsky: (22:09) So I would say that the surge in demand internationally also helped drive that profitable maybe a little earlier than the trajectory would have shown, and not sure that that is going to continue for the next couple quarters, but it's a good sign that we could leverage that. A lot of the same trends in the US were apparent internationally, more frequent Prime purchases and higher basket sizes. So all good signs, and perhaps we got a glimpse of the future on the demand curve. Brian Olsavsky: (22:44) Your second question was on slowing investments. The list is very short on what we've had to slow down. It hasn't been done necessarily for cost reasons. It's been done for people reasons. The one I point to is studios. We've had to delay production, I think most studios have, and that's been augmented by some new things, like our Amazon Cinema, where we're having first run movies. Brian Olsavsky: (23:12) So I think in this time, when people want entertainment, people are having trouble creating new content across the board, and that's a bit of a challenge, but it's not something we're doing intentionally. We're doing it to protect the actors and film crews, and we think that's the right decision. As I said, a lot of the investments are being pulled in, especially on the ops side and grocery delivery, same store pickup. A number of Whole Foods stores that you can pick up deliveries on tripled this quarter. Brian Olsavsky: (23:42) So the list is short on things that we're slowing down on. I would say it's just we're adapting and probably looking at whether some things have changed and creating some things for the new environment, especially in the entertainment area. Moderator: (24:02) Our next question comes from Doug [inaudible 00:24:06] with JP Morgan. Please proceed with your question. Doug: (24:09) Thanks for taking the questions. I have two. Brian, first, just curious about your overall thoughts on how the e-commerce adoption curve has been shifted here over the next few years and anything you can share around behavior for new and existing customers. Then separately, on AWS, the $43 billion run rate obviously slowed some in the quarter, but hoping you could comment just on the pace of IT decision-making and this environment, whether you're still impacted by some clients more highly exposed to challenged verticals, and due to those factors, is it possible that AWS can accelerate growth going forward? Thanks. Brian Olsavsky: (24:51) Yeah, let me start with that second one. Thanks, Doug. So in AWS segment revenue, what we see are companies are working really hard right now to cut expenses, especially in the more challenged businesses, like hospitality and travel, but pretty much across the board. We're helping them. We're actively, with our sales force, looking for ways that we can help them save money. This includes things like scaling down the usage where it makes sense or benchmarking their workloads against our architectural best practices. Brian Olsavsky: (25:24) So that's not going to help our usage growth in the short run, but it will help those customers save money, and we think that's the right thing to do, not only for their success and so they can come out of this in better shape, but also for the long-term health of our relationship with them as an AWS provider. Brian Olsavsky: (25:42) But we're also seeing a lot of companies that are really wishing that they had made more progress on the cloud, because they're seeing how companies that are on the cloud can turn into a variable cost and either scale up or scale down, depending on their particular situation. They realize their on-premises infrastructure is not really flexible to go up or down, and especially in a time of sinking demand, it's a big fixed cost for them. Brian Olsavsky: (26:07) So we're seeing migration plans accelerate. They're certainly not going to happen overnight, but we see companies moving more in that direction. We think that'll be a good long-term trend, and there's certainly winners in this area right now. Things like video conferencing, gaming, remote learning, and entertainment all are seeing usage growth. It's a bifurcated world out there. Brian Olsavsky: (26:36) So on your e-commerce adoption, I think it's hard to tell. We're super encouraged by the fact that grocery delivery has picked up and that's been accelerated, versus what we would have thought. We certainly are glad to be there for our Prime members who are shopping more frequently and buying more. We do know that there's reasons that their other options are limited. I mean, there's always retail options out there, especially to go pick up in-store, but less people want to go into stores perhaps now. Brian Olsavsky: (27:08) So we're going to have to see what is maybe a step up in the curve and getting to a point quicker versus what are one-time sales, and hopefully things like masks and gloves and cleaning supplies, in the fullness of time, become one-time purchases, but we'll see. Brian Olsavsky: (27:29) Sorry. Your last point was on new customers versus existing customers. We're seeing similar trends. We're seeing good pickup in frequency and basket size for new members in Prime as well, certainly not the same as people who have been Prime members for a number of years, but it's encouraging. As you saw it, Prime growth retention has increased. We've accelerated the growth of Prime members, both in the US and internationally. So that's a good sign that we're happy about, and we hope that that has long-term ramifications. Moderator: (28:09) Our next question comes from Ross Sandler with Barclays. Please proceed with your question. Ross: (28:16) Yeah. Just to follow up to that last comment, so the Prime behavior for international Prime members, you guys are talking about how in the 16, 17 countries, the overall service levels are a little bit behind. Selection's a little bit behind. So has the last few months in the pandemic closed that gap meaningfully in terms of GMV per Prime member for international versus what you see in the US? Any comment there? Ross: (28:45) Then on the 3Q guidance, you've pushed Prime Day for Western markets into 4Q. So how much of the deceleration ... It's obviously a really strong number for 3Q, but the growth rate's decelerating a little bit. Is that mostly from Prime Day, or can you just talk about what kind of behaviors you're seeing right now as you go into 3Q? Thank you. Brian Olsavsky: (29:08) Right. Well, we ramped up through the quarter in Q2 and ended up with 41% year over year growth on an FX-neutral basis. A lot of those trends are continuing into Q3. You see our revenue ranges 87 billion to 93 billion coming off an $89 billion quarter. So I would say that if you look at the growth rate, that translates into somewhere in the 24 to 33% growth rate in Q3. So I can't break out exactly the Prime impact, because there's ... But suffice to say it's a big driver on why 41% growth in Q2 turns into- Brian Olsavsky: (30:02) ... 1% growth in Q2 turns into 24-33% growth in Q3 on what turns out to be higher revenue volume. Then on Prime behavior, I can't really give you more on that because it is actually a very localized set of stats by country, and international aggregate does not matter that much. What I would say is generally what we're seeing is similar trends in international in response to COVID purchasing patterns. I wouldn't say closed the gap. I would say they both went up, and we'll see how it goes from there. There's definitely differences in selection or differences in shipping. There's a myriad of factors that go into a Prime member's decision to be a Prime member and what they buy and what they use as far as our benefits that we give them, so I don't want to make too many sweeping comments on that right now. Speaker 3: (31:09) Our next question comes from Brent Thill with Jefferies. Please proceed with your question. Brent Thill: (31:17) Thanks. Good afternoon. I was curious if you could just expand on AWS. There was a little bit of a slowdown across the board in a number of the cloud numbers. I'm just curious if there's a common thread that you're seeing there and perhaps just talk about the backlog. I know you've disclosed the backlog has been improving on the filings, but a little more color on AWS would be certainly helpful. Thank you. Brian Olsavsky: (31:40) Yeah, sure. I'll give you the backlog number. It grew 65% year over year and 21% quarter over quarter, so that's healthy, and the average contact contract length is over three years for our AWS contracts. I would say contract volume and negotiations are strong and have maintained through this period, so that's a good sign. It really does boil down to short term versus long term incentives here for a lot of our customers. If you're in an industry that's been heavily impacted by COVID and the economy, you're looking for ways to save money and you're trying to do a quick, and we're trying to help in that regard. One of the best ways to save money longterm is to use the cloud, not only to turn it into a variable cost, could be a fixed cost, but also to be able to take advantage of the partner network that we have, the security that we have, and also the constant evolution of products and services that we bring to market. Speaker 3: (33:03) Our next question comes from Aaron Kessler with Raymond James. Please proceed with your question. Aaron Kessler: (33:10) Great. So a couple of questions. First, maybe just one of your competitors noted that growth was slowing in some markets that have opened up. I guess it's probably more in Europe. Maybe just thoughts there. Are you seeing any changes in markets that are starting to open up, and just any comments on the Zoox acquisition, how you can use that technology longer term as well? Thank you. Brian Olsavsky: (33:30) I imagine you mean on consumer business, countries opening up? Aaron Kessler: (33:35) Correct. Brian Olsavsky: (33:35) Yes. Well, we still see strong, strong demands, so I don't have any particular color on that regard by country. We do think probably the UK grew very strongly in Q2, and that I believe is starting to moderate a bit, but still stronger than normal. So don't want to go by country, but I think those trends will start to perhaps become evident, but from our vantage point, the Prime members still continue to order more frequently and in larger basket sizes. Dave Fildes: (34:12) Yeah, and then, Aaron, just on your second question on Zoox, it's not too much to say at this point. It's still pretty early, but I think it probably goes to that saying it's a tremendously forward thinking team which resonates with us and, and they really do pioneer in that space, the ride hailing space. So a lot of cool work they're doing designing autonomous vehicles, and focused on the passenger right and front of mind in that. So I think, again, just as we think about kind of the innovation components and commitments to solving problems and challenges for customers, it's pretty exciting for us to be able to work with them and bring that vision to fruition in the years ahead. Speaker 3: (35:00) Our final question comes from Justin Post with Bank of America. Please proceed with your question. Justin Post: (35:09) Great. A couple of questions. Obviously a great cost quarter on the leverage side. Any changes in eCommerce gross margins to call out? Is scale and getting size improving gross margins, or anything on the mix shift there that's interesting? And then secondly we talked a lot about one day and investment last year. Obviously the shipping times were impacted by COVID, but are you back to kind of normal times and where are you on the one day investment? Thank you. Brian Olsavsky: (35:40) Sure. On one day, again, we're we're first prioritizing employee safety. We have a lot of effort in that regard. We've changed over 150 process paths. We've instituted social distancing, cleaning temperature, taking both with our warehouse employees and also our transportation employees, so that's a really still priority one, and second is capacity expansion, especially as we head into the second half of the year, which generally sees a step up in volume even over the first half of the year. So we are improving the percentage of one day. We're not back to where we were pre-COVID. We don't think we're going to be back in the short run, but we will continue to improve it, and hopefully it'll be less noticeable for our consumer base. Brian Olsavsky: (36:31) On the gross margin side, it's very much a mixed bag right now. Before the COVID outbreak, the positives were generally AMZL delivery costs were becoming more efficient. Advertising and AWS were certainly a strong component of gross margin increases, product mix could go either way depending on the country, but as COVID has played out consumables and grocery, which are lower margin, have been a negative impact on gross margin, but we feel good about where we are. Gross margin for the quarter was 40.8. While it was down 200 basis points from last year, it's probably more tied to the addition of a one day shipping. Even though we didn't do as much one day shipping as we had been doing postcode, the costs of one day shipping are already built into our structure. We've already reconfigured our network. We've already created the capacity to be able to ship. It's just a matter of whether or not we can get it out through the warehouse and to you in one day or not. Speaker 3: (37:54) Thanks for joining us today on the call and for your questions. A replay will be available on our investor relations website at least through the end of the quarter. We appreciate your interest in Amazon and look forward to talking with you again next quarter.