Joe Biden Tulsa Race Massacre Anniversary Speech Transcript

Joe Biden: (03:52) Well thank you. Please, if you have a seat, sit down. And I got to make one check here. I just had to make sure the two girls got ice cream when this is over. Imagine how excited you'd be when you're four, five? Speaker 1: (04:53) Almost five. Joe Biden: (04:54) Almost five years old coming to hear a President speak. My Lord, in my faith we call that purgatory. Lauren, thank you for that gracious introduction. And in case you're wondering, in Delaware we're a small state, we have the eighth largest black population in America, and we have one of the most talented members of Congress. And so if I didn't walk around and pay my tribute to Lisa Blunt, Rochester, my Congresswoman immediately. Oh, how are you, Rev? Good to see you. We've got a distinguished group of people here, and I want to thank Lauren for sharing the powerful story and for helping the country understand what's happening here. And to all the descendants here today, and to the community, and civil rights leaders, and members of the Congressional Black Caucus that are here, thank you for making sure we all remember and we never forget. Joe Biden: (06:04) There's a verse in first Corinthians that says, for now we see in a mirror dimly, but then face to face, now I know in part then I shall know fully. I just toured the Hall of Survivors here in Greenwood Cultural Center, and I want to thank the incredible staff for hosting us here. And [inaudible 00:06:31]. And if I didn't say what my father would insist on, please excuse my back, I apologize. But the tour, on the tour I met Mother Randall who's only a 56 years old, God love her. And Mother Fletcher who's a 67 years old. And her brother, her brother Van Ellis who is 100 years old, and he looks like he's 60. Thank you for spending so much time with me, I really mean it. It was a great honor, a genuine honor. You are the three known remaining survivors of a story seen in the mirror dimly, but no longer. Now your story will be known in full view. Joe Biden: (07:32) The events we speak of today took place 100 years ago, and yet I'm the first President in 100 years ever to come to Tulsa. I say that not as a compliment about me, but to think [inaudible 00:08:01] in this ground to acknowledge the truth, what took place here. For much too long the history of what took place here was told in silence, cloaked in darkness. But just because history is silent, it doesn't mean that it did not take place. And while darkness can hide much, it erases nothing, it erases nothing. Some injustices are so heinous, so horrific, so grievous they can't be buried no matter how hard people try. And so it is here, and so it is here only, only with truth can come healing, and justice, and repair, only with truth, facing it. But that isn't enough. Joe Biden: (08:52) First we have to see, hear, and give respect to Mother Randall, Mother Fletcher, and Mr. Van Ellis And to all those lost so many years ago, to all the descendants of those who suffered, to this community. That's why we're here, to shine a light, to make sure America knows the story in full. May 1921, formerly enslaved black people and their descendants are here in Tulsa, a boom town of oil and opportunity in a new frontier. On the North side across the rail tracks that divided the city, already segregated by law, they built something of their own worthy, worthy of their talent and their ambition. Joe Biden: (10:07) Greenwood, a community, a way of life. Black doctors and lawyers, pastors, teachers, running hospitals, law practices, libraries, churches, schools, black veterans, like the man I had the privilege of giving the command coin to. Who fought, volunteered, and fought and came home, and still face such prejudice. Veterans have been back a few years helping after winning the first World War, building a new life back home with pride and confidence. Who were mom and, there were at the time mom and pop black diners, grocery stores, barbershops, tailors, the things that make up a community. Joe Biden: (11:03) Tours, barbershops, tailors, the things that make up a community. At the Dreamland Theater, a young Black couple holding hands, falling in love. Friends gathered at music clubs and pool halls, at the Monroe Family Roller Skating Rink. Visitors staying in hotels like the Stratford. All around Black pride shared by the professional class and the working class who lived together side-by-side for blocks on end. Mother Randle was just six-years-old, six-years-old living with her grandma. She said she was lucky to have a home and toys and fortunate to live without fear. Mother Fletcher was seven-years-old, second of seven children, the youngest being Mr. Van Ellis was just a few months old, the children of former sharecroppers. When they went to bed at night in Greenwood, Mother Fletcher says they fell asleep rich in terms of the wealth, not real wealth, but a different wealth, a wealth in culture, and community, and heritage. One night changed everything. Everything changed. While Green was a community to itself, it was not separated from the outside. It wasn't everyone, but there was enough hate, resentment, and vengeance in the community. Enough people who believe that America does not belong to everyone, and not everyone is created equal, Native Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanic Americans, Black Americans, a belief in forced by law, by badge, by hood, and by noose. It speaks to that lit the fuse. It lit it by the spark that it provided, a fuse, a fury. It was an innocent interaction that turned into a terrible, terrible headline allegation of a Black male teenager attacking a white female teenager. A white mob of 1,000 gathered around the courthouse where the Black teenager was being held, ready to do a [inaudible 00:13:34], lynch that young man that night. But 75 Black men, including Black veterans arrived to stand guard. Words were exchanged. Then a scuffle. Then a shots fired. Hell was unleashed. Literal hell was unleashed through the night. In the morning, the mob terrorized Green with torches and guns shooting at will. A mob tied a Black man, by the waist, to the back of their truck, with his head banging along the pavement as they drove off. Joe Biden: (14:14) A murdered Black family draped over the fence of their home outside. An elderly couple knelt by their bed, praying to God with their heart and their soul, when they were shot in the back of their heads. Private planes dropping explosives, the first and only domestic air assault of its kind on an American city here in Tulsa. Eight of Greenwood's nearly two dozen churches burn like Mount Zion, across the street at Vernon AME. Mother Randle said it was like a war. Mother Fletcher says all these years later, she still sees Black bodies around. The Greenwood newspaper publisher, A.J. Smitherman penned a poem of what he heard and felt that night. And here's the poem. He said, "Kill them, burn them, set the pace. Teach them how to keep their place. Rain of murder, theft, and plunder was the order of the night." That's what he remembers in the poem that he wrote. Joe Biden: (15:32) 100 years ago, at this hour, on this first day of June, smoke dark in the Tulsa sky, rising from 35 blocks of Greenwood, that were left in ash and ember, raised in rubble. Less than 24 hours, in Less than 24 hours, 1,100 Black homes and business were lost. They had insurance, many of them, rejected claims of damage. 10,000 people were left destitute and homeless, placed in interment camps. As I was told today, they were told, "Don't you mention you were ever in a camp or we'll come and get you." That's a survivor story. Yet no arrest of the mob were made, none. No proper accounting of the dead. The death toll records by local officials said there were 36 people. That's all, 36 people. Based on studies records and accounts, the likely number is much more than the multiple of hundreds. Untold bodies dumped into mass graves, families who at a time waited for hours and days to know the fate of their loved ones, are now descendants, who've gone 100 years without closure. Joe Biden: (17:14) But as we speak, the process of exhuming the unmarked graves has started. And at this moment, I'd like to pause for a moment of silence for the fathers, the mothers, the sisters, sons, and daughters, friends of God and Greenwood. They deserve the dignity and they deserve our respect. May their souls rest in peace. My fellow Americans, this was not a riot. This was a massacre, among the worst in our history, but not the only one. And for too long, forgotten by our history. As soon as it happened, there was a clear effort to erase it from our memory, our collective memories, from the news and everyday conversations. For a long time schools in Tulsa didn't even teach it, let alone schools elsewhere. And most people didn't realize that a century ago, the second Klu Klux Klan had been founded. The second Klu Klux Klan had been founded. Joe Biden: (19:12) Friend of mine, Jon Meacham, I had written, when I said I was running to restore the soul of America. He wrote a book called The Soul of America, not because of what I said. And there's a picture about page 160 in his book, showing over 30,000 Klu Klux Klan members in full regalia, Reverend. Pointed hats, the robes marching down Pennsylvania avenue in Washington, DC. Jesse, you know all about this. Washington DC. If my memory is correct, there were 37 members of the House of Representatives who were open members of the Klan. There were five, if I'm not mistaken, could have been seven, I think it was five members of the United States Senate, open members of the Klan. Multiple governors who were open members of the Klan. Most people didn't realize that a century ago, the Klan was founded just six years before the horrific destruction here in Tulsa. Joe Biden: (20:18) And one of the reasons why it was founded was because of guys like me who are Catholic. It wasn't about African-Americans then. It was about making sure that all those Polish, and Irish, and Italian, and Eastern European Catholics, who came to the United States after World War I would not pollute Christianity. The flames from those burning crosses torched every region of the country. Millions of white Americans belonged to the Klan, and they weren't even embarrassed by it. They were proud of it. And that hate became embedded systematically and systemically in our laws and our culture. We do ourselves no favors by pretending none of this ever happened or doesn't impact us today, because it does still impact us today. We can't just choose to learn what we want to know and not what we should know. We should know the good, the bad, everything. That's what great nations do. They come to terms with their dark sides. And we're a great nation. The only way to build a common ground is to truly repair and to rebuild. Joe Biden: (22:03) A common ground is to truly repair and to rebuild. I come here to help fill the silence, because in silence, wounds deepen. As painful as this is, only in remembrance do wounds heal. We just have to choose to remember. We memorialize what happened here in Tulsa so it can't be erased. We know here, this hallowed place, we simply can't bury pain and trauma forever. And at some point, there'll be a reckoning, an inflection point like we're facing right now as a nation. What many people hadn't seen before, or simply refused to see, cannot be ignored any longer. You see it in so many places. There's a greater recognition that for too long, we've allowed a narrowed, cramped view of the promise of this nation to fester, the view that America is a zero-sum game, where there's only one winner. If you succeed, I fail. If you get ahead, I fall behind. If you get a job, I lose mine. And maybe worst of all, if I hold you down, I lift myself up. Instead of if you do well, we all do well. Joe Biden: (23:47) We see that in Greenwood. This story isn't about the loss of life, but a loss of living, of wealth and prosperity and possibilities that still reverberates today. Mother Fletcher talks about how she was only able to attend school in the fourth grade, and eventually found work in the shipyards as a domestic worker. Mr. Van Ellis has shared how even after enlisting and serving in World War II, he still came home to struggle with a segregated America. Imagine all those hotels and dinners and mom-and-pop shops that could have been passed down this past 100 years. Imagine what could have been done for Black families in Greenwood, financial security and generational wealth. If you come from back lines like my family, working class, middle class family, the only way we ever were able to generate any wealth was an equity in our homes. Imagine what they contributed then, and what they could have contributed all these years. Joe Biden: (24:52) Imagine a thriving Greenwood in North Tulsa for the last 100 years, what that would have meant for all of Tulsa, including the White community. While the people of Greenwood rebuilt again in the years after the massacre, it didn't last. Eventually, neighborhoods were redlined on maps, locking Black Tulsa out of home ownerships. A highway was built right through the heart of the community. [inaudible 00:25:20] was talking about our west side, what 95 did to them after we were occupied by the military, after Dr. King was murdered. The community, cutting off Black families and business from jobs and opportunity. Chronic underinvestment from state and federal governments denied Greenwood even just a chance of rebuilding. We must find the courage to change the things we know we can change. That's what Vice President Harris and I are focused on, along with our entire administration, including our Housing and Urban Development Secretary, Marcia Fudge, who is here today. Because today, we're announcing two expanded efforts targeted toward Black wealth creation that will also help the entire community. The first is my administration has launched an aggressive effort to combat racial discrimination in housing. That includes everything from redlining to the cruel fact that a home owned by a Black family is too often appraised at lower value than a similar home owned by a white family. And I might add... And I need help if you have an answer to this one. I can't figure this one out, Congressman Horsford, but if you live in a Black community and there's another one on the other side of the highway, it's a White community, it's built by the same builder, and you have a better driving record than the guy with the same car in the White community, you're paying more for your auto insurance. Shockingly, the percentage of Black American home ownership is lower today in America than when the Fair Housing Act was passed more than 50 years ago. Lower today, that's wrong, and we're committing to changing that. Joe Biden: (27:26) Just imagine if instead of denying millions of Americans the ability to own their own home and build generational wealth, we made it possible for them to buy a home and build equity into that home and provide for their families. Second, small businesses are the engines of our economy and the glue of our communities. As president, my administration oversees hundreds of billions of dollars in federal contracts, for everything from refurbishing decks of aircraft carriers or installing railings in federal buildings, to professional services. We have a thing called... I won't go into it all, there's not enough time now, but I'm determined to use every taxpayer's dollar that is assigned to me to spend going to American companies and American workers that build American products. And as part of that, I'm going to increase the share of the dollars the federal government spends to small disadvantaged businesses, including Black and Brown small businesses. Right now, it calls for 10%. I'm going to move that to 15% of every dollar spent will be spent [crosstalk 00:28:35]. I have the authority to do that. Joe Biden: (28:41) Just imagine, if instead of denying millions of entrepreneurs the ability to access capital and contracting, we made it possible to take their dreams to the marketplace to create jobs and invest in our communities. The data shows young Black entrepreneurs are just as capable of succeeding given the chance as White entrepreneurs are, but they don't have lawyers. They don't have accountants, but they have great ideas. Does anyone doubt this whole nation would be better off from the investments those people make? And I promise you, that's why I set up the National Small Business Administration that's much broader, because they're going to get those loans. Instead of consigning millions of American children to under-resourced schools, let's get each and every child three and four years old access to school. Not daycare, school. Joe Biden: (29:42) in the last 10 years, studies have been done by all the great universities. It shows that it increased by 56% the possibility of a child, no matter what background they come from... No matter what, if they start school at three years old, they have a 56% chance of going through all 12 years without any trouble, and being able to do well, and a chance to learn and grow and thrive in a school and throughout their lives. And let's unlock more than the incredible creativity and innovation that will come from the nation's historically Black colleges and universities. I have a $5 billion a year program, giving me the resources that invest in research centers and laboratories and high-demand fields to compete for good-paying jobs and industries of the future like cybersecurity. The reason why their students are equally able to learn as well and get the good paying jobs that start at 90 and $100,000... But they don't have the money to provide and build those laboratories. So guess what? They're going to get the money to build those [crosstalk 00:30:53]. Joe Biden: (30:52) So instead of just talking about infrastructure, let's go to about the business of actually rebuilding roads and highways, filling in the sidewalks and cracks, installing street lights and high-speed internet, creating a space to live and work and play safely. Let's ensure access to health care, clean water, clean air, nearby grocery stores, stocked with fresh vegetables and food that in fact deal with... I mean, these are all things we can do. Does anyone doubt this whole nation would be better off with these investments? The rich will be just as well-off. The middle-class will do better, and everybody will do better. It's about good-paying jobs, financial stability, and being able to build some generational wealth. It's about economic growth for our country, and out-competing the rest of the world, which is now out-competing us. Joe Biden: (31:52) But just as fundamental as any of these investments I've discussed is maybe the most fundamental, the right to vote, the right to vote. A lot of the members of the Black Caucus knew John Lewis better than I did, but I knew him. On his death bed, like many, I called John to speak to him. All John wanted to do is talk about how I was doing. He died, I think, about 25 hours later. But you know what John said? He called the right to vote precious, almost sacred. He said the most powerful nonviolent tool we have in a democratic society. This sacred right is under assault with incredible intensity like I've never seen, even though I got started as a public defender and a civil rights lawyer, with an intensity and aggressiveness- Joe Biden: (33:02) ... civil right's lawyer, with an intensity and an aggressiveness that we've not seen in a long, long time. It's simply un-American. It's not, however, sadly, unprecedented. The creed, "We shall overcome," is a longtime mainstay of the Civil Rights Movement and Jessie Jackson can tell you better than anybody. The obstacle to progress that would have to be overcome are a constant challenge. We saw it in the '60s. But with the current assault, it's not just an echo of a distant history. In 2020, we faced a tireless assault on the right to vote: restrictive laws, lawsuits, threats of intimidation, voter purges, and more. We resolved to overcome it all, and we did. More Americans voted in the last election in the mist of a pandemic, then any election in American history. You've got voters registered. You got voters to the polls. The rule of law held. Democracy prevailed. We overcame. But today let me be unequivocal, I've been engaged in this work my whole career, and we're going to be ramping up our efforts to overcome again. I will have more to say about this at a later date, the truly unprecedented assault on our democracy. An effort to replace nonpartisan election administrators, and to intimidate those charged with tallying and reporting the election results. But today, as for the act of voting itself, I urge voting rights groups in this country to begin to redouble their efforts now to register and educate voters. And June should be a month of action on Capitol Hill. I hear all the folks on TV saying, "Why doesn't Biden get this done?" Well, because Biden only has a majority of effectively four votes in the House and a tie in the Senate. With two members of the Senate who vote more with my Republican friends, but we're not giving up. Joe Biden: (35:15) Early this year, the House of Representatives passed For the People Act to protect our democracy. The Senate will take it up later this month, and I'm going to fight like heck with every tool in my disposal for its passage. The House is also working on the John Lewis Voting Rights Act, which is critical to providing new legal tools to combat the new assault on the right to vote. To signify the importance of our efforts, today I'm asking Vice President Harris to help these efforts and lead them among her many other responsibilities. With her leadership, and your support, we're going to overcome again. I promise you, but it's going to take a hell of a lot of work. Joe Biden: (35:54) And finally, we must address what remains the stain on the soul of America. What happened in Greenwood was an act of hate and domestic terrorism with a through line that exists today still. Just close your eyes, remember what you saw in Charlottesville four years ago on television. Neo-Nazis, white supremacists, the KKK coming out of those fields at night with lighted torches, the veins bulging as they were screaming. Remember? Just close your eyes and picture what it was. Well, Mother Fletcher said, when she saw the insurrection at the capital on January 9th, it broke her heart. A mob of violent white extremists, thugs, said reminded her of what happened in Greenwood 100 years ago. Look around at the various hate crimes against Asian Americans and Jewish Americans. Hate that never goes away. Hate only hides. Jessie, I think I mentioned this to you, I thought after you guys pushed through with Dr. King, the Voting Rights Act, and the Civil Rights Act, I thought we moved. What I didn't realize, I thought we made enormous progress, and I was so proud to be a little part of it. Joe Biden: (37:22) But you know what, Rev? I didn't realize hate is never defeated, it only hides. It hides. Given a little bit of oxygen, just a little bit of oxygen by its leaders, it comes out of there from under the rock like it was happening again, as if it never went away. So folks, we can't. We must not give hate a safe harbor. As I said in my address to the joint session of Congress, according to the intelligence community, terrorism from white supremacy is the most lethal threat to the homeland today, not Isis, not Al-Qaeda, white supremacists. That's not me. That's the intelligence community under both Trump and under my administration. Joe Biden: (38:16) Two weeks ago, I signed into law the COVID-19 Hate Crimes Act, which the House had passed to the Senate. My administration will soon lay out our broader strategy to counter domestic terrorism and the violence driven by the most heinous hate crimes and other forms of bigotry. But I'm going to close where I started, to Mother Randall, Mother Fletcher, Mr. Van Ellis, to the descendants and to all survivors, thank you. Thank you for giving me the honor of being able to spend some time with you earlier today. Thank you for your courage. Thank you for your commitment. And thank your children, and your grandchildren, and your nieces, and your nephews. To see and learn from you is a gift, a genuine gift. Dr. John Hope Franklin, one of America's greatest historians, Tulsa's proud son, whose father was a Greenwood survivor, said, and I quote, "Whatever you do, it must be done in the spirit of goodwill and mutual respect, and even love. How else can we overcome the past and be worthy of our fore bearers and face the future with confidence and with hope?" Joe Biden: (39:37) On this sacred and solemn day, may we find that distinctly Greenwood spirit that defines the American spirit. The spirit that gives me so much confidence and hope for the future. That helps us see face-to-face a spirit that helps us know fully who we are, and who we can be as a people and as a nation. I've never been more optimistic about the future than I am today. I mean that. The reason is, because of this new generation of young people. They're the best educated. They're the least prejudice. They're the most open generation in American history. Joe Biden: (40:24) And although I have no scientific basis for what I'm about to say, but those of you who are over 50, how often did you ever see advertisements on television with black and white couples? Not a joke. I challenge you, find today when you turn on the stations, sit on one station for two hours, and I don't how many commercials you'll see, 8:00 to 5:00. Two to three out of five have mixed race couples in them. That's not by accident. They're selling soap, man. Not a joke. Remember old Pat Caddell used to say, "You want to know what's happening in American culture? Watch advertising," because they want to sell what they have. Joe Biden: (41:17) We have hope. And folks like you, honey. I really mean it. We have hope, but we've got to give them support. We have got to give them the backbone to do what we know has to be done, because I'd doubt whether any of you would be here if you didn't care deeply about this. You sure the devil didn't come to hear me speak. But I really mean it, I really mean it, let's not give up, man. Let's not give up. As an old saying goes, "Hope springs eternal." I know we've talked a lot about famous people, but my colleagues in the Senate used to always kid me, because I was always quoting Irish poets. They think I did it because I'm Irish. They think I did it because we Irish, we have a little chip on our shoulder a little bit sometimes. That's not why I did it. I did it because they're the best poets in the world. You can smile, it's okay. It's true. Joe Biden: (42:16) There was a famous poet who wrote a poem called A Cure at Troy, Seamus Heaney. There's a stanza in it, I think, is the definition of what I think should be our call today for young people. He said, "History teaches us not to hope on this side of the grave. But then once in a lifetime, that long for tidal wave of justice rises up, and hope and history rhyme." Let's make it rhyme.