Warner Bros. Discovery Q4 2023 Earnings Conference Call Transcript

Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to the Warner Bros. Discovery fourth quarter 2023 earnings conference call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. After the speaker's presentation there will be a question and answer session. Additionally, please be advised that today's conference call is being recorded. I would now like to hand the conference over to Mr. Andrew Slaven, Executive Vice President Global Investor Strategy. Sir, you may begin.

Good morning and thank you for joining us for Warner Bros. Discovery's Q4 earnings call. Joining me today is David Zaslav, President and Chief Executive Officer, Gunnar Wiedenfels, Chief Financial Officer, and JB Perrette, CEO and President Global Streaming and Games. (00:43) Today's presentation will include forward-looking statements that we make pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Security Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements may include comments regarding the company's future business plans, prospects and financial performance and involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations. (01:01) For additional information on factors that could affect these expectations, please see the company's filings with the US Securities and Exchange Commission, including but not limited to the company's most recent annual report on Form 10K and its reports on Form 10Q and Form 8K. And with that, I'd like to turn the call over to David.

Hello everyone and thank you for joining us for our fourth quarter and full year earnings call. Our top priority this year was to get this company on solid footing and on a pathway to growth, and we've done that. We said we'd be less than four times levered, and we are. We paid down 5.4 billion in debt for the year, for a total of more than 12.4 billion since the deal closed. We're now at 3.9 times and expect to continue to delever in 2024. (01:54) We've significantly enhanced the efficiency of the organization with a long runway still to go. We said we were going to generate meaningful free cash flow, a key KPI for our leadership and company, and we've exceeded our goal with 6.2 billion for the year. (02:14) Gunnar will take you through the financials, but I would just highlight that as we look at the start of the first quarter, two months in we are already seeing markedly improved free cash flow for Q1 versus first quarter last year, and inflection sequentially in linear and an acceleration in streaming advertising. (02:37) We are optimistic that the efforts we've undertaken on digital and advanced advertising solutions, much of which you'll hear about leading up to and during the upfront, will enable us to achieve a more competitive profile. (02:52) Bottom line, we're a far healthier company now and we're building real momentum. And we expect 2024 will be a year to drive that momentum forward even further. (03:07) That said, this business is not without its challenges. Among them, we continue to face the impacts of ongoing disruption in the pay TV ecosystem and a dislocated linear advertising ecosystem. (03:22) We are challenging our leaders to find innovative solutions. For example, our US networks and sports teams have been collaborating on a number of initiatives aimed at expanding audience reach and impact through cross promotion, and I do believe we are getting smarter at determining what's working and what's not, which is helping to drive healthy traction in ratings and an improved near term outlook in advertising revenue. (03:48) Internationally, Gerhard Zeiler and his regional teams are doing an outstanding job, as international networks are performing strongly and gaining momentum, particularly in EMEA. (04:01) Of note, linear advertising in EMEA was positive in Q4 with standout markets in Poland, Germany and Italy, the latter of which is enjoying a truly material upswing in ratings behind some of the incredibly successful programming moves at flagship Nove, which had its best quarter ever in Q4. I was just in Italy two weeks ago and spent some time with the team. Their ratings this quarter are tracking it up over 20%. It's a terrific creative team and they have some real momentum. (04:34) In fact, EMEA enjoyed its largest quarterly year-over-year share growth since the outset of the pandemic in 2020, despite some sluggishness in the UK and certain Nordic markets. (04:48) This next chapter from Warner Bros. Discovery is about putting us on a pathway to growth, and we've got a lot of drivers of that growth, which at its core is underpinned by great storytelling. We are a creative storytelling company powered by 100 years of arguably the best franchises, brands, libraries, and content in the business. And we are on offense. Our studios are back and firing on nearly all cylinders after the strikes. We're one of the biggest makers and sellers of content in the world. On the theatrical and gaming side while we did have some real misses this year, we also had some really big wins, including Barbie, the number one movie globally and the most successful movie in the history of Warner Bros., and Hogwarts Legacy, the biggest game of 2023. (05:42) Also in 2023, we relaunched our theatrical animation division with a commitment to have two features a year on our slate beginning in 2026. Bill Domanski is leading our animation division after spending two decades at DreamWorks and he's hard at work here with us on the lot. (06:02) Now with the addition of animation, DC and our existing Warner Bros. and New Line Cinema labels, we have created a home for every kind of film and story to be told, and we are excited about what's ahead for movie going audiences. (06:18) We've had a challenging couple of years, but we are now very excited about our slate in the year ahead, starting with Dune: Part Two, which arrives in theaters a week from today and has strong tracking, 97% on Rotten Tomatoes, which is rare for a sequel. We also have Godzilla vs. Kong: The New Empire, a follow-up to the hugely successful 2021 film opening next month. (06:46) When we launched this company almost two years ago, we made it clear we believe in this business, we're a pure storytelling company and we're going to bring the best people in front of and behind the camera back to Warner Bros., and we have been laser focused on doing just that. (07:05) First, Warner Bros. is back in business with Tom Cruise. Our partnership with Tom is off and running. Mike and Pam spent a couple of days hard at work with Tom in London earlier this month. As you saw yesterday, we are in negotiations for a new film by Academy Award winner Alejandro Inarritu starring Tom. This will be the first of many films with us and Tom and we look forward to a long future together. (07:35) Paul Thomas Anderson is also at Warner hard at work on his new film starring Leonardo DiCaprio, Sean Penn and Regina Hall. Maggie Gyllenhaal's new movie is set to begin shooting soon, starring Christian Bale, Jesse Buckley, Penelope Cruz and Annette Bening. Black Panther's director Ryan Coogler and star Michael B. Jordan are coming together for a new original genre film that will go in front of cameras later this spring. George Clooney is back with Warner Bros. and working on a number of exciting projects. (08:11) On the TV side we just announced another season of the hit show, True Detective with creator and show runner Issa Lopez. Juggernaut series, The White Lotus, from creator and show runner Mike White is currently in production. And Craig Mazin has started filming the new season of the hit show, The Last Of Us. (08:35) It's really encouraging to see so many incredibly talented creatives here at Warner Bros., and most importantly, they share our vision to be home to great storytelling, stories that entertain, inform, and when we're at our best, inspire. This is the Warner Bros. we are building together. This is the Warner Bros. of the future. (09:04) A real strategic advantage we have as a company and I've talked about it often is the strength and depth of our franchises, which I believe will be a meaningful driver of asset value and growth for us, and we intend to deliver on our commitment to reinvigorate the best of them. And as I've said, major franchises have been underused and underleveraged. We are hard at work to begin to get full value. (09:40) Superman, we haven't made a Superman movie in over a decade. James Gunn's Superman starts filming next week. I've had a glimpse into what James and Peter are doing and it really does serve as an exciting indicator of where the new DC is headed under their leadership. And there'll be more that you'll hear from them in the months ahead. (10:05) Game of Thrones. George R.R Martin is in pre-production for the new spinoff, A Knight of the Seven Kingdoms, which will premiere in late-2025 on Max. (10:20) Harry Potter. We've not been shy about our excitement around Harry Potter. The last film was made more than a dozen years ago. I was in London a few weeks ago with KC and Channing and we spent some real time with JK and her team. Both sides are thrilled to be reigniting this franchise. Our conversations were great and we couldn't be more excited about what's ahead. We can't wait to share a decade of new stories with fans around the world on Max. We're aiming for a debut in 2026. The top priority for us has been building Max, our streaming service. We fought hard to get Max to be profitable last year. We are now committed to driving profitable top-line growth. And while it's still early innings, we feel good about the trajectory we're on and are on track to achieve our guidance of $1 billion in EBITDA in 2025. (11:28) We're especially excited about the next 24 months. We have a number of meaningful growth levers ahead, including the rollout of Max in key international regions and markets, starting with Latin America next week, with markets in EMEA and APAC to follow later in the year, including new markets, France and Belgium to coincide with the Paris Olympics this summer. (11:53) Keep in mind we are only available in less than half the addressable households and markets as compared to our larger peers, so we still have a huge opportunity for growth from globalization over the next two years, including many critical markets around the globe such as the UK, Germany, Italy, Australia, and Japan, all of which we have a substantial amount of local content and in many we have sports as well. (12:24) We're also driving better segmentation and monetization by launching the new ad-supported offering, which is currently only available here in the US and by the end of this year will be available in over 40 markets globally as well. We also have a number of lucrative partnership deals internationally that will help us scale in more efficient and accelerated fashion. (12:48) It's worth noting that Q4 saw the lowest US churn rates in HBO Max and Max's history, and the personalization and product improvements planned for this year should continue to have a positive impact on churn. (13:05) And finally, we're excited to be refreshing and reigniting our content pipeline at Max. The fact is the strikes really slowed down production and we didn't have as much content as we wanted for Max, and we're now moving forward with a great slate. Our most recent series, True Detective: Night Country, starring Jodie Forster was a real success, averaging over 12.5 million viewers, the highest season ever for the series. (13:39) Looking ahead, we've got one of the best lineups in the history of HBO. This next quarter we'll have Hacks and House of the Dragon, followed by DC's The Penguin, and the new Dune series. Then in 2025, we'll kick off the year with the new season of The White Lotus, followed by The Last of Us and Euphoria just to name a few. Also coming to Max from Warner Bros. Motion Pictures are Aquaman and the Last Kingdom on February 27th. Wonka will join the service on March 8th, followed by Dune: Part Two in the spring. (14:24) We also inked a multi-year deal with A24 in December to bring A24's theatrical releases exclusively to Max. They've already started being carried. (14:36) I want to mention one other area of our business before turning it over to Gunnar to talk through the quarter. As you heard last week, we're entering a new joint venture with Disney and Fox focused on sports. We believe this will provide a terrific consumer experience and will be a great business. We couldn't be more excited about it. We'll also be able to bundle this product with Max, so we see this new joint venture as another potential driver of incremental growth for our business going forward. (15:11) One more point on our sports business. Last weekend we saw great coverage and strong ratings at the NBA All-Star Game and All-Star Weekend. We have a strong positive 40-year relationship with the NBA and in terms of our NBA rights, we are now fully engaged in renewal discussions and they are constructive and productive. (15:36) Our global sports portfolio continues to provide real meaningful value to all of our platforms. We're proud to be the home of one of the most coveted collections of premium sports content in the industry, along with a best-in-class talent roster and exceptional production values. We're excited for our expansive coverage of the Paris Summer Olympics throughout all of Europe as well. (16:03) The hard work we've done over the last nearly two years has positioned us well financially and creatively, and as we look towards the future, we will continue to make the tough calls and do what is necessary to get this business on a clear pathway to growth and to drive increased shareholder value. With that, I'll turn it over to Gunnar and he'll walk you through the financials for the quarter.

Thank you, David, and thank you everyone for joining us this morning. 2023 was indeed a year marked by the accomplishment of several key objectives, and I'm very pleased with the effort across the organization to evolve our company as our industry continues to change. (16:44) We come into 2024 well positioned, and once again, with an ambitious agenda to further enhance our financial and strategic profile, and to drive meaningful long-term shareholder value. Though we grew EBITDA 12% for the year on a pro forma basis,

... more than $1 billion year-over-year. The enormous financial benefits of our many important and successful transformative efforts have been somewhat mitigated by sustained headwinds across the industry. Yet we made strong progress against this backdrop this year, and I'd like to highlight a few notable accomplishments. First, our post-merger integration is substantively complete, as of the end of 2023. We have now achieved total combined merger and transformation savings of $4 billion, not including the significant savings realized on content as well. As David has laid out before, while we talked about synergies, we're really applying a fundamentally different management approach for the combined company, data-driven and rational with shareholder value at the center. There are substantial improvement opportunities left for us to capture, particularly in areas such as enterprise systems, production flow, global centers of excellence, to name a few, and we expect to see this reflected in our near and long-term free cash flow generation. This is an entire organization buying into and operating with a one team, one company mindset. (18:06) Second, our streaming team has made the turn. The D2C segment generated approximately $100 million of positive EBITDA, a $2.2 billion improvement year-over-year on a pro forma basis, well ahead of our targets. This was accomplished with a tremendous level of rigor and discipline across every aspect of the business, from programming to marketing to technology. And as expected, we've begun to see an inflection in subscriber related revenues, both distribution and advertising, which accelerated to over 6% during the second half of the year versus very modest growth in the first, helped by price increases, growth in the ultimate tier and scaling of the Ad-lite subscriber base. 2024 will indeed be a pivotal year for Max. Relaunches and rebranding in existing Latin American and European markets over the next few months will be critical to bringing consumers an improved product experience and a more robust content offering, which will put us on better competitive footing. We will continue to take a disciplined approach to investing in subscriber growth, mindful of lifetime value to subscriber acquisition cost ratios as we proceed into this next phase. D2C advertising growth should layer in nicely throughout the year and the business is gaining momentum as it scales. With a more high-profile slate of shows from HBO scheduled for release throughout the year, as compared to the second half of 2023, we're very well positioned to offer a greater share of highly coveted premium streaming inventory. (19:40) Third, you have heard us talk about the free cash flow opportunity since we first announced the deal. In 2023, we generated $6.2 billion of free cash flow, a 60% conversion of our EBITDA to free cash flow. The impact of the strikes contributed roughly $1 billion to free cash flow, while negatively impacting our EBITDA by a few hundred million dollars. We made great strides in realizing capital efficiencies throughout the year, and it was particularly evident in Q4 with over $3.3 billion of free cash flow generated this quarter alone. I am very pleased with the momentum here, as the focus of the entire team continues to shift towards a deeper understanding of capital returns and shareholder value. We have laid a very solid foundation in 2023, and I expect 2024 to be another strong free cash flow year. (20:27) Finally, all of this has helped support $5. 4 billion of debt pay down during this year, including all of our more expensive variable rate term loans, enabling us to finish 2023 with less than $40 billion of net debt and resulting in net leverage of 3.9 times EBITDA, in line with our guidance from last February despite all the headwinds mentioned earlier. I am very pleased and comfortable with our current capital structure, given the tremendous progress we have made. The entirety of our outstanding debt is now fixed with an average cost of 4.6% and an average duration of 15 years. Importantly, we have only very manageable amounts of debt coming due over the next three years, $1.8 billion this year, $3.1 billion next year and $2.3 billion in 2026, providing us with real flexibility in how exactly we delever the company. We remain committed to our long-term gross leverage target of 2.5 to 3 times, and while we do not expect to hit that target by the end of this year, as we noted on our last earnings call, we do expect to continue delevering in 2024, as we stay focused on debt repayment with our free cash flows and any proceeds from non-core asset sales, like the All3Media sale announced last week. (21:44) Turning briefly to the quarter, which I will discuss on a constant currency basis, I'd like to call out a few items and offer some additional puts and takes to consider for each of the segments. Starting with studio, the primary call-outs were, number one, the impact of the strikes, as I noted, which halted the production and delivery of TV content during the fourth quarter, which also informed some of our decisions about retaining or licensing content externally in the second half of the year. And two, what can best be characterized as an inconsistent performance of a theatrical slate. Wonka, the co-financing partnership, has had great success at the global box office and performed well above expectations, while Aquaman and the Lost Kingdom and The Color Purple unfortunately did not. This was evident in our lower than expected financial results across revenue and EBITDA. (22:36) A couple of items to consider for the studio segment during the coming quarter, we are lapping the release of Hogwarts Legacy in February last year, which saw the largest portion of its very positive financial impact in the first quarter. This year, Suicide Squad, one of our key video game releases in 2024, has fallen short of our expectations since its release earlier in the quarter, setting our games business up for a tough year-over-year comp in Q1. On the film side, Q1 will be burdened with the marketing campaigns for Dune 2 and Godzilla vs. Kong, which opens at the very end of the quarter. (23:10) Turning to networks, revenues decreased 8% as advertising decreased 14% due to continuing softness in the U.S. linear advertising market. Note, the disposition of the AT&T SportsNet negatively impacted advertising revenues by approximately 100 basis points during the quarter. While still not back to where we'd like it to be, we are seeing a nice improvement thus far in Q1. Domestic ad sales are pacing meaningfully better quarter-to-date, as we are beginning to capture the benefits of our strong upfront deals struck last year. International ad sales, which accounts for over 20% of total network ad sales, continue to be a firmer overall, particularly in EMEA, which represents over three quarters of international ad revenues and where we saw modest growth year-over-year during the fourth quarter. Like the U.S., we're seeing acceleration through the beginning of the first quarter so far in EMEA overall, while we continue to face a challenging market environment in LatAm as ad dollars more steadily migrate to streaming, which ultimately presents a nice opportunity for Max as we relaunch in these markets. (24:14) Network distribution revenues were effectively flat in the quarter after adjusting for the 400 basis points headwinds from exiting the AT&T SportsNet and transferring the TNT Sports Chile business to the D2C segment. On a reported basis, revenue decreased 3% as U.S. pay-TV subscriber declines outpaced U.S. affiliate rate increases, while inflationary impacts, supported by inflation-linked pricing agreements in Argentina, also benefited results. Overall, Networks EBITDA decreased 11% as the decline in high margin advertising revenues was only partially offset by a 3% decrease in operating expenses, excluding the AT&T SportsNet and TNT Sports Chile impact. (24:58) Turning now to D2C, we finished the quarter with nearly 98 million subscribers, a modest sequential increase after accounting for the full consolidation following our acquisition of the outstanding shares of BluTV, as well as transferring our TNT Sports Chile subs to the D2C segment, as part of our premium sports streaming strategy. International remains the most important driver of our D2C subscriber growth, with over a million subscribers gained in Q4. This more than offset domestic declines, where we continue to feel the impact of the partly strike-driven lack of fresh tent-pole content through the second half of the year. And as discussed before, remember that linear wholesale losses continue to mask underlying retail D2C traction. (25:41) Content revenue in the segment declined 30% due to the intra-year timing of third-party licensing deals that we laid out in detail earlier in the year. Keep this in mind as we comp this in Q2 of 2024. Among the D2C subscriber-related revenues, which were up over 6% in the quarter, distribution revenues increased 4% and benefited from price increases in the U.S. and certain international markets, as well as the Amazon Prime partnership in the U.S., which we lapped in December. Advertising revenues accelerated nicely versus Q3 to over 50%, helped by the '23, '24 upfront deals, higher engagement on Max and ad-lite subscriber growth. We currently see the pace of D2C advertising revenue accelerating off this pace in Q1 and expect this to be an impactful segment driver for 2024 overall. With regional relaunches and key new market launches heavily weighted towards the first half of the year, we expect D2C EBITDA to be modestly negative in the first half and then profitable again in the second half. Net-net, we currently expect the D2C segment to be profitable for the year, as we continue to pivot our focus on profitable top-line growth. We remain focused on our target of $1 billion in D2C segment EBITDA in 2025 and 2024 will certainly lay important foundations for achieving this goal. (27:05) Turning to our outlook for Q1 free cash flow, we're off to an outstanding start. Remember, Q1 is traditionally our seasonally weakest quarter, yet we see continued strong momentum so far and expect a very meaningful improvement, year-over-year, versus the negative $930 million we incurred last year. We continue to capture our cash opportunities and I believe we have many more bites at the apple for years to come. Let me mention additional puts and takes to consider as you think about free cash flow for the year. Number one, the net cash benefit from the strikes, which will reverse this year as content production resumes to normalized levels, will naturally be a negative to free cash flow. We incurred roughly $1 billion in integration related cash costs, a little lower than what we had anticipated for 2023, due to the timing of certain initiatives. As we continue to execute on our transformation journey, we will likely incur some additional cash restructuring costs, but we expect this to be at a significantly lower level. Number three, the Olympics will be a drag to free cash flow this year given its working capital dynamic. Number four, interest expense will certainly be lower in 2024 as we continue to delever, and CapEx will likely be slightly lower as well. And then finally, of course, EBITDA will be the biggest determinant of free cash flow. (28:23) Before I turn it back for Q&A, I'd like to finish with a final remark on the magnitude of change that's taken place at WBD. It really is night and day versus where we started. Of course, we still have additional work to do and more opportunity to capture, but the heavy lifting we've done helps pave the way for ongoing transformation and our ability to embrace the three pillars of our strategy, which reflect our strong commitment to quality storytelling, achieving maximum value through broad distribution and modernization, and operating professionally with a one-company mindset. We are significantly closer to our longer-term leverage targets with more than $12 billion of debt paid down in less than two years. Certainly, having a more flexible financial profile doesn't insulate us, or anyone else for that matter, from having creative wins and losses, but it most certainly will help us take the necessary steps required to further achieve our growth objectives and to more intently focus on driving shareholder value. Now, David, JB and I will take your questions.

At this time, I would like to remind everyone, in order to ask a question, press star then the number one on your telephone keypad. Your first question comes from the line of Vijay Jayant from Evercore ISI. Your line is open.

Good morning, thanks. This is Kutgun Maral on for Vijay. One on the studios and one on DTC. On the studios, can you talk a little bit more about your strategic [inaudible 00:29:52] over the next few years and when do you think we'll get to see the execution on your vision manifest more meaningfully from a financial perspective? Can we see more signs of this in 2024, 2025 or do you think it'll still be at least a few years until we get it to full value since it takes a while to reinvigorate franchises? (30:12) And at DTC, when I look at Max from a content perspective, it feels a lot more like legacy HBO Max and maybe with a less of a focus on legacy Discovery+. So I was hoping to get a little bit more color on how you think about the content portfolio overall at Max, and if there are areas you expect to invest more or less in going forward. And I guess, as we all think about the evolution of the broader media ecosystem and debate M&A scenarios, what I'm really trying to get at is whether more programming tonnage is necessary to be successful in DTC as we think about the evolution of the broader ecosystem. Thanks.

Thanks so much. Look, we're coming through two years of product that we inherited that was a struggle, and you saw it as it came through our balance sheet. This year, we expect, is going to be much better. Wonka was very strong. The team got in and really reworked that product. We've shown that we have a great ability to market a product globally. We're very committed to the Motion Picture business. We have loads of talent back, which I enumerated. But when you look at this year, we have M. Night, his daughter has a movie coming out this summer, the Watchers. We have Beetlejuice coming, we're very excited about. Todd Phillips has his Joker, Joker 2 coming, all of which... Our overall lineup this year is much compelling. We have a team that's ready to build those brands around the world, and as I've said, we've really targeted DC. We have the Superman, Supergirl, great script that's been written and that's being cast. We'll have James and Peter take you through, in the next few months, a full spectrum of what they see over the next 10 years, and we're attacking Lord of the Rings, we're attacking Harry Potter, because we think this is a balance. We have these great brands, Game of Thrones, we have these great brands that people everywhere in the world know, love and will leave dinner to come run and see. (32:34) And the balance is we also need things like the new things, like Barbie, and Mike and Pam are doing a terrific job. And our commitment to the Motion Picture business is something that there's a real sense of in the town, and it's one of the reasons why we're getting some of the very best people coming on board with us. So I'm pretty excited about what we have this year and what you'll see rolling out in the year ahead. Bottom line, the studio has really been underperforming and including the end of the year, where we had some real struggle, but we're very optimistic about this year, and it gives us a chance to have a lot of upside in the next two years. It was really a struggle. JB?

Yeah. And Kutgun, on the D2C segment, I guess a couple of points. Number one is, I think as we mentioned on previous calls, first of all, as we're eight months in, the encouraging thing for us that we've seen is our engagement in terms of time spent per active account has continued to increase, and most of that increase has been driven by the inclusion of the legacy Discovery content, and it's not been cannibalistic to the legacy HBO Max content. So we have seen increased engagement, increased hours of views, all driven by the inclusion of the legacy Discovery content.

The second point I'd make is if you look at the top 10 rails, it's pretty indicative. And you'll see oftentimes in their weeks where 90 Day Fiance or some of our other legacy discovery content are making up three, four, five sometimes even of the top 10 series on Max. So again, talking to the content diversity and the success of the two content portfolios coming together. And then the third thing I'd say is I think what is exciting about the next sort of 12, 24, 36 months is about a year and a half ago, Casey and the team with the non-HBO content, the Max Originals, really took a turn to sort of focus on bigger, broader WB-based franchises. And when you think of the lineup coming, they're very broad, very four quadrant titles like Penguin, Dune, It, Conjuring, Harry Potter. And so we feel like we're on a great trajectory, and frankly, the content lineup over the next two plus years on Max is the most rich and the deepest, and broadest that I think it'll ever have been, not just on Max, but frankly even within the HBO lineup as well.

And contrasted candidly of the next of the last six to eight months, where we just didn't have a lot of content. So what's encouraging is that we've been able to grow, and we really haven't had much fresh content. And so this True Detective was step one, but we're going to be rolling out all of these franchises and shows over the next 12 to 24 months, and it gives us a real sense of optimism.

That's very helpful. Thank you both. Next question.

Our next question comes from the line of, John Hodulik, how'd you like from UBS? Your line is open.

Great, thanks guys. Two, if I could first maybe for Gunnar, thanks for some of the puts and takes for '24, but just any other color you could give regarding EBITDA and potential growth. Maybe break down it by segments if you could. And then on the new skinny sports bundle, just any other info you guys could provide in terms of what the product's going to look like, pricing, economics, and just maybe, David, your confidence that it's not going to accelerate cord cutting. Thanks.

Sure. Well, why don't I start with that? Look, there's about 125 million households in America, and there's more than 60 million of those that are not in the traditional bundled cable ecosystem. And we see that with things like Bleacher Report, where we have 30 million people, mostly under 30, that the overwhelming majority are not in the traditional cable universe, but they love sports. They're on Bleacher and House of Highlights all day. And so we have a very rich target of over 60 million people that love sports, and it's a product that's quite modern. So today, when people are thinking, "What channel should I watch? What channel is my sport on?" You'll be able to go to this new product, this new app-based product, and if you love the baseball playoffs, you'll watch all of them, and you're not thinking what channel is it on. Hockey? You'll watch all of the hockey playoffs right through the Stanley Cup. (37:24) For basketball. You'll watch all the playoffs right through to the championships, and you will never think or ever have to Google where is it. And so, it's a platform that the younger generation that is not subscribing, we're able to go after those that we're missing. We're missing those subscribers. The traditional cable industry is missing those subscribers. We think it's very pro-consumer. Look, we have a great relationship with our existing distributors. This is a unique product that's looking to meet a very strong demand. And together, I think this partnership of us, together with Disney and Fox, with Bob and with Lachlan, we're like-minded. We're aligned. We believe that this could be a very compelling product. We're going to be very aggressive with it. (38:14) We're going to be aggressively marketing it, and we think it coexists very effectively. We don't see a lot of people unsubscribing to cable in order to get this. We're going after the $60 million plus. Those that are... They're not thinking about getting cable when they get their own apartments. And so we're quite excited about it. I've seen a number of the prototypes. We're pretty far along. This is not an announcement you're going to see. We're going to follow pretty quickly with our plans, and I think it's going to meet a demand that's very strong in the marketplace.

And then on your EBITDA question, John, so I did go through some of the puts and takes, as you said in the prepared remarks. We are also going to continue calling out factors that will affect comparability over the course of the year on a segment-by-segment level. If we start with the studio, we've talked about the game's cadence last year, this year. And on the film side, obviously, this is going to continue to be a hit-driven business. And just last year was a great example, with the greatest success in the film studio's history and some real challenges across the industry on the superhero side. So there's not a lot more to add at this point. For D2C, which clearly is the top priority here from a growth perspective. For us, we're committed to maintain profitability, but as we said last time we spoke to all of you guys is, we've restructured the business, $2.2 billion of profit improvement in 12 months. (39:59) From here, the priority is going to be different. We're not going back to subs at all costs, but we want to fuel profitable top-line growth. And that's going to be guiding us as we go through this year and beyond. We have the $1 billion bogey for 2025, and JB and the team are going to lay very important foundations this year. We have deliberately not giving a more specific target here because we will not be in a situation where we manage the business for results in individual quarters or fiscal years. We'll do the right thing for the company, and especially on the D2C side, that might mean decisions over the course of the year to pull back on individual markets, accelerate into others, respond to how our consumers are receiving our content. So rest assured, we'll do the right thing from the perspective of long-term asset value and value generation, but we will not be focused so much on individual quarters or years profitability on the linear side...

Just one point on that, the ability to now have a profitable streaming business and to keep that business profitable and growing. In a year where we're launching in multiple markets around the world where we're deploying real capital to build the brand, to market the programming, and to have the infrastructure around the world. And so for us, we see this year as a continued build as we go toward next year of a billion dollars in streaming.

And then, just to finish up the segments here on the linear side, I mean, you heard us talk about what we're seeing right now, and that is a more optimistic view than we have had throughout most of the past 20, 21 months since we closed this deal. But at the same time, I don't have a crystal ball, and we are not in the business of making longer-term projections here. We're going to be as transparent as we can, in as much detail as we can, about what we're seeing, and we'll continue doing that as we go through the year. (42:08) What really matters to me is we're going to continue to be very focused on delevering the company. I told you that against the $6.2 billion of cash generated last year, we're off to a strong start in Q1. January was very good. We're going to continue focusing. And I do think that we're still in the early innings here. We have an entire organization with 35,000 people changing their view on how we run the company, how we deploy capital, and what we're optimizing for. That's going to have dividends for us for many, many years. So we'll continue to delever. We're committed to our two and a half to three times target range. And you'll continue to hear us talk about free cash flow generation.

Free cash flow is a key metric for us. And we said we're going after it to have generated the 6.2, but also just the 60% conversion, this company... And in a year where we held back dramatically on selling our content to third parties, where you saw, I think it was almost a billion dollars in difference year over year in terms of the content that we sold. We're doing what's right for the business long term. We're laser-focused on driving free cash flow, delevering. You'll see us driving free cash flow this year. You'll see us delevering the balance sheet, that makes us a healthy company, because when you partner that with the fact that we have great content, great creatives at Warner, at Max, at HBO, great content coming up in the next few years, that we think is the recipe to really differentiate us.

Your next question comes from the line of, Ric Prentiss from Raymond James. Your line is open.

Thanks. Good morning. Yeah, hitting the free cash flow number, obviously strong year this year, but you have the strike benefit, and you say you're going to grow the free cash flow. Can you give us a sense of, can you go beyond the 6.2? You got to normalize for the billion? Can you do mid-five? Can you give us a goalpost on the free cash flow? And then second question: as you think about that free cash flow production that you're driving and the delevering that you're driving, it naturally brings up capital allocation questions someday stock buybacks maybe, but also organic and external growth. What assets do you think you've got covered? We don't need any other assets in this category. Are there some other assets out there in the marketplace that might be interesting on a nice to have or need to have?

Well, let me start with the free cash flow question of you on investment priorities. So I did go through my prepared remarks, some of the puts and takes, and I deliberately do not want to give a specific quantitative free cash flow guidance. We did call out the fact that there was a billion dollars of a benefit last year, and that is going to reverse in 2024. There's no question about it. I also took you through some of the below-the-line helpers here. Interest expense and cashout is going to come down. CapEx is going to come down, restructuring expenses are going to come down. And as I said, we will continue to be very, very focused on capital efficiency. And some of that impact is not going to be individual quarters, but it's a longer-term process. And we have already very significantly changed the approach to our investment decision-making, and they've harmonized the process across the entire company. (45:45) So I have a lot of confidence that these will be very positive contributions over years to come. And as I said before, I'm not in a position this year to give very specific EBITDA or cash conversion guidance. We'll be very, very focused on it. We still believe that our long-term target of 60% cash conversion is very doable, very achievable. We'll continue to focus on delevering the company. And what I will say is we haven't made any trade-off decisions here between investing in the company and delevering. We have funded our investments. David talked a little bit about the film studio, but we've also made investments on the game side to get to a more consistent cadence of releases over time. (46:38) We have deployed hundreds of millions of capital into our studio, lots, and tours, and operations, and we have funded every promising content project. And all of that is happening at the same time as we're investing in an overhaul of our systems landscape, et cetera. So we have made a ton of investments, we have great assets, we know where to invest more over time. And as I said, from a capital allocation, capital structure perspective, we remain focused on the two and a half to three times for now. But you're right; over time, there's going to be more and more optionality.

And just as an operating thesis for the company, we're really focused on running each of the companies efficiently, having them work together, and we're fighting for free cash flow and to grow free cash flow in each of the businesses. As Gunner said, this past year, we did get the help of the strikes. On other transactions or whether there's assets out there outside of investing in ourselves, that makes sense. Obviously, we look at everything. We work really hard to get ourselves a healthy balance sheet to pay down debt, to get below four times levered, to really focus on where we're spending money on driving free cash flow. (48:05) And so we've positioned this company really now as being a healthy company and with a great leadership team with a lot of direction. We have a great set of assets. We're probably the only pure storytelling company, particularly a pure storytelling company that operates on all platforms. And I think we have the greatest set of franchise content assets. And so I like our hand. I think as we look to the future now with Max profitable, we think we can build that. And so we like where we are. We do have the optionality of looking at other assets, but it's going to be a very high bar for us. We like our hand where it is, and we like our particular strategy right now of building Max and really deploying all of our great creative assets. Next question, please.

Your next question comes from the line of, Jessica Reif Ehrlich from Bank of America. Your line is open.

Thank you. So maybe switching gears to advertising; you mentioned a few times that Q1, you're starting to see strength. Can you just give us some color on where it's coming from, how confident you are that this will continue throughout the year, particularly in light of all the increase in inventory, whether it's Amazon coming to the business, Walmart with Vizio? And then, as a follow-up? You mentioned some market launches in some pretty big countries, UK, Germany, Italy, Australia, Japan. Can you talk about the timing? Some of these markets have limitations, like the UK. And then lastly, any color that you can give on third-party content sales or your views on that. There's just no way, given your library, that you can use all this content on Max.

All right, let me maybe take the first one here and provide a little more color and advertising. So, as we said in our prepared remarks, we have actually seen improvements now into the first quarter across the board. The US side is, I think, benefiting from the fact that we've seen improving ratings trends over the entire second half of last year. And I think we're beginning to monetize that; the upfront deals are kicking in. Remember, we have a very different strategy this year versus last year. So it's a visible improvement across the board. And again, I don't want to make any predictions for the rest of the year, but we have a lot of growth priorities lined up. We're catching up on advanced advertising revenues. The team has made some structural changes, and we're beginning to harness the entire data footprint of Warner Bros.

Warner Brothers Discovery, as we roll this out, cancellations are looking [inaudible 00:51:05]. So that's the US market. And again, forget about the streaming side of it, which, as I said, is growing at north of 50%. Internationally as well. And while there is no such thing as one international market, it is a mixed picture, but the key markets, the most relevant markets for us in Europe specifically are doing very well. Again, Poland is doing incredibly well. We've got very, very strong network positions there. Italy has seen real upswing in programming. We're the fastest-growing group in that market, and that's all flowing through to advertising. And even in those markets that historically have underperformed a little bit for us, such as the UK, the Nordics, those numbers are looking much more stable now than they did in the fourth quarter. Again, this is seven weeks into the year. I don't want to make any predictions, but we're in a much, much better place today than we were.

On the Max side, Jessica, in terms of international roll-outs, I mean, as David said in his remarks, one of the things that's sort of misunderstood when people look at our subscriber numbers versus certainly our larger peers is the point he made in his remarks, which is that we are currently available; our TAM is less than half the size of those larger peers, so that means we have still 2X of the addressable market to go after; the other half of the addressable market to go after. (52:33) We are excited that in 2024 we're getting back to growth and new market roll-outs, which is the first time in two years as we've been obviously hard at work retooling the platform and the technology and getting it right in the US. With LATAM launch next week, Europe, starting in the second quarter, with two brand new markets in France and Belgium starting in the second quarter. And also, Asia will likely be more by '25, and then the rest of the European markets for now slated more for '26. So that's sort of how we see the rollout coming, and we think that's a huge tailwind for us for growth and subscriber growth, and revenue growth over the next 24 months.

And then, Jessica, on the third-party sales, and I'll let David weigh in as well, of course, but we are doing exactly what we said we were going to do. There is no religion with regards to warehousing all of our content on Max or not doing business with competitors. We are one of the greatest makers of content in the world, and we serve our own platforms and we serve third-party platforms. And the honest answer is I can't give you a high-level direction. We're looking at this case by case, and we've got a process in place. We have the best possible view now on what the strategic, the financial merits of exploitation of our own platforms versus partial exploitation with third parties are. And we have healthy discussions, and what you will notice is we haven't sold anything since we closed the Warner Brothers Discovery merger. (54:14) We have done some co-exclusive deals, and that makes a lot of sense. We've got all the data; we know exactly what we're giving up and we know exactly what we're winning. Now at the same time, we are having tough discussions internally. We look at the data together, and there are definitely certain red lines, and David makes sure that we never crossed them, but in other cases, we've gone with some deals that have garnered some press attention and that I'm very, very happy with because we're doing the right thing; we're providing oxygen to our content, and we're optimizing returns here, not only for the company or shareholders, but also for the talent that we're working with with. We are doing the best we can to make those great stories and monetize them in the best possible way.

The point that Gunnar made when we do sell content, we do it only co-exclusively so that we hold on to everything. There's nothing that we want that's on Max that we would sell and wouldn't be on Max anymore. I would put it in two categories. Channing is back in business quite aggressively, the Warner Brothers television business. We have over 100 series, some of the best series on television. Shrinking, Abbott Elementary, Ted Lasso. (55:31) We have some of the greatest talent on the TV side working with us. And so that's backup, and we think we'll see a lot of opportunity there. On our library, we're incredibly aggressive on the bottom end of it. There is a group of big branded programs that represent the core of who we are as a company, and those are going to stay with us. And you've seen some big-name shows, but most of those have been around for a very long time. They've already been syndicated on other platforms, and we're able to reap a significant amount of dollars from them. And so that will be the balance. We probably have the biggest motion picture and TV library in the world, and our job is to really focus on how to monetize that with different windows.

Great. Next question.

Your next question comes from a line of Ben Swinburne from Morgan Stanley. Your line is open.

Thank you. Good morning. Maybe for JB, just to follow up on the direct-to-consumer Max strategy. You listed UK, Italy, Germany I know those are Sky licensing deals. I'm assuming Australia, Japan have similar structures. So have you guys made the decision to move out of those relationships and go direct-to-consumer? Or maybe just talk about your thoughts because you have had some nice deals in those markets in the past. And then for JB and maybe Gunnar, however you want to address it, great news to hear on the NBA conversations clearly, that would be a big positive to retain those rights. How do you think about making that work financially for the company? It's not a big debate that linear TV is under pressure on the revenue side, and I think it's probably safe to say the NBA costs are going to go up. So how do you guys approach this from a P&L point of view when you think about exploiting the NBA for what I imagine will be another long-term deal? Thanks so much.

Thanks, Ben. Look, the UK, Germany, and Italy, and I think we've said it before over the last year, are key markets for us. We have deals in those markets with Sky, which has been a, over the years, a great partner to us in many ways and will continue to be a great partner to us. But having our own direct-to-consumer product in those markets is core strategic initiative of ours, and we're already in business aggressively in those markets. (58:06) In the UK, we have our direct-to-consumer Discovery+ product, and we're one of the leaders in sport in the UK, where we have our partnership with TNT, which we just rebranded as TNT Sports, and that has millions and millions of subscribers, and that partnership is going very, very well. And so the idea of coming into that market with the wealth of content that we have and our content is, we see how well our content works in the UK, Germany, and Italy. We could see the ratings of that content when it airs on Sky and the share that it gets in the aggregate. And so we think those will be real businesses for us and meaningful and real opportunity to grow economics and grow subscribers. That'll be beginning in '26.

And can I just add, Ben? I think the thing that's been, in some ways, most exciting for the international roll-outs is that, as David mentioned in some of his prepared remarks, there are a number of distribution partners in all these markets that are very eager to find ways to help us get to market faster and scale faster. And doing it with a partner in many cases can drive a lot of efficiencies from a marketing standpoint and get us to scale very quickly. So those are also great and very good conversations, and ultimately, economically, I think will be very interesting for us as we transition from more licensed model to a D2C model.

Now, there are markets like, for instance, India, where we did a very attractive deal with Reliance. There are markets where we look, and we say that for the near term, even in that case, we did not do a long-term deal. We get a chance to see how all of our content does, and if we think that we can be more profitable and build asset value in a market, we will go. In markets where we don't, and the economics are very compelling to sit out for a period of time. We'll do that like we did in India, but Europe is core to us, and Latin America, and so you're seeing us really speak to that with these launches, and you'll see it over the next 18 months.

And then, Ben, on the NBA, as you know, we're in the middle of exclusive discussions here. So I want to lift it up, maybe one level, to a general statement on how we look at sports, right? We're spending close to $20 billion on content and programming in the broadest sense, and every dollar we spend plays a different role across the portfolio. We generally like to own our content. That's not the case with sports, but we, obviously, acknowledge the enormous value, reach value, emotional value of these deals, and we have been able to strike profitable deals, and we're always going to be disciplined. (01:00:56) It's very easy to lose control over sports rights investments. That's not what we do. We know exactly what value we assign, and we stay disciplined during our discussions. And if you take that into account, I think we have enormous opportunity to be much more efficient with our content spend overall across the entire company. And that will include certain areas in which you're right; you probably have to assume that there's inflation going forward. On the NBA specifically, we've had a very, very strong partnership for 40 years, and I certainly hope that we're going to be able to continue that in the most positive way. Let's see if we have time for one more quick one.

Sure. Final question comes from the line of Robert Fishman from MoffettNathanson. Your line is open.

Thanks. Good morning. Two for you guys quickly, if I can. David, you've been vocal about the idea of re-bundling. Do you think it's inevitable that the digital streaming ecosystem will end up looking a lot like the old MVPD world, and maybe if you can talk about the benefit of bundling Max with other streaming services like Netflix through Verizon? And then, for JB or Gunnar, can you talk about the future of Bleacher Reports Sports Add-On product given the Sports JV announcement and anything you can share in terms of the engagement with sports on Max to date with the free option? Thanks so much.

Thanks, Robert. Look, I think everything is driven by the consumer experience, and the consumer experience right now is it's cluttered, it's awkward, it's somewhat confusing. People have learned how to deal with it. You Google where a show is or where a sport is, but rebundling just makes an awful lot of sense. And this idea, I think we've transitioned out of the idea of subs at any cost. We've done that by getting Max profitable and really focusing on getting real subs with real economics and growing that like a real business. But the ability for a consumer to go to one place, the Verizon example is a good example, and Netflix is a great product. You put it together with Max, and you can get those together, provide a very meaningful experience for people, and it makes it a lot easier to traverse across our universe and theirs. (01:03:34) In the longer term, I expect that there will be meaningful bundling. It's going to happen in one of two ways. It'll either be a bundling by an intermediary, a platform company like an Apple, or an Amazon, or a Roku, or what's going on with Charter and Comcast, which is very compelling and I think very helpful to all of us in the content business that these channel stores morph into places that just provide a simpler and easier and less anxious experience for people to find the content that they want and have it be simple and fluid, or we could do it ourselves. (01:04:15) And I've always advocated that we should do it ourselves. And so we're looking to do that domestically. We're looking to do it outside the US. In some ways, the sports venture is trying to meet that very need that, when you put our product together with Lachlan and Fox's product together with the ESPN product, it just has a much better, more fluid, more simple consumer experience. It's not, which channel is it on? It's not, where do I go? How do I go? Do I have it? Don't I have it? It's in one place, and I think more and more will be gravitating toward that.

And I think Robert, on the BR Sports part of the question, it really dovetails exactly with what David just said, which is, we look at the overall, the sports venture, this new sports venture, and the ability for the partners to bundle with their existing streaming services, and with our case with Max is great for the consumer, make it much more simplified. And as it relates to what does that mean for the existing BR Sports that are on Max. Look, we'll have more to share with that over the coming months as we get closer to launch the venture. (01:05:35) But obviously, it's incredibly compelling to be able to say that we'll be able to take the incredible entertainment offering that is on Max, along with the great aggregated, simpler, more compelling consumer offering of the joint venture, and put those two together and offer them in a compelling fashion to the subscribers. And as just as a note, obviously, in the meantime, we're continuing to lean in on the Bleacher Reports Sports offering, and we're incredibly excited over the next few months to bring all of our March Madness, including building up to the final four on Max for the first time here over the next 45 days, and then leading into the NBA playoffs a little bit later.